scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Formation of the Madeng Hot Spring in Yunnan, China

Geofluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Zhenhua ◽  
Zhou Xun ◽  
Yang Miaolin ◽  
Wang Xiaocui ◽  
Zheng Yuhui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Deep Circulation ◽  
Sand And Gravel

The Madeng hot spring emerges in the central river valley in the northeastern Lanping Basin in Jianchuan county of Yunnan Province in China. Quaternary sand and gravel occur in the valley which is underlain by the red beds consisting of sandstone and mudstone. The temperature of the hot spring is 42.1°C. The spring water has a pH value of 6.41, TDS of 3.98 g/L, F contents of 3.08 mg/L, and H2SiO3 of 35.6 mg/L. The hot water is of SO4•Cl-Na•Ca type. There is a slight hydrogen sulfide odor in the spring water. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that the hot water is of meteoric origin. It is estimated that the elevation of the recharge area of the hot spring is approximately 3800 m, the age of the hot water is some 140 years, the temperature of the geothermal reservoir is 75°C–80°C, the mixture ratio of cold water is approximately 80%, and the circulation depth of the thermal groundwater is 1870 m. After receiving recharge from infiltration of precipitation in the mountainous recharge areas, the groundwater undergoes a deep circulation, obtains heat from the heat flow, flows upward along the fractured zone, and emerges as an upflow spring through the Quaternary sand and gravel in the central low-lying river valley.

scholarly journals Application research of intelligent monitoring system of longsheng hot spring water temperature based on Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2613-2622
Author(s):  
Bi Li ◽  
Shi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Main Station

Guangxi Guilin area, China, is rich in hot spring resources. In this paper, a hot spring water temperature monitoring system is developed for longsheng hot springs. Mainly using the hot water of eye of hot springs as the heat source, designing a set of multi-point temperature monitoring system with single-chip and multi-slave as the core of the single-chip microcomputer and wireless and bi-directional transmission for the main station and multiple slave stations to realize automatic temperature monitoring. The system slave station can exchange geothermal water with high temperature extracted from the eye of hot springs and cold water, and automatically control the temperature of the hot spring pool to reach a set value range by controlling the flow rate of the cold water. At the same time, the main station can complete the tasks of monitoring system by setting control commands such as temperature.

Study on the Chemical Properties of Anthocephalus chinensis

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5366-5370
Author(s):  
Jin Sun ◽  
Xiao Bo Wang ◽  
Yuan Zhu ◽  
Xiao Jing Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Interior Decoration ◽  
Alcohol Benzene

In order to provide necessary basis for utilization of Anthocephalus chinensis, its chemical composition was explored in this paper. The results as follow: Cold water extractive is 3.18%. Hot water extractive is 4.58%. 1% sodium hydroxide extractive is 18.78%. Alcohol-benzene extractive is 2.73%. Content of cellulose is 44.09%. Content of acid-insoluble lignin is 23.31%.Content of holocellulose is 74.72%. Content of hemicellulose is 30.67%. pH value of wood is 5.31. Through comparing with other species, the results suggested that A. chinensis is ideal material for wood-based panel, interior decoration and packaging.

Study on the Chemical Properties of Toona Ciliate

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 759-763
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhong Gao ◽  
Yuan Zhu ◽  
Xiao Jing Wang ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Xiao Bo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Toona Ciliata

Toona ciliata, fast-growing timber species, located in the tropical and subtropical region. In order to explore how to make better use of Toona ciliate, its chemical composition was investigated in this paper. The results show that: Cold water extractive was 1.02%. Hot water extractive was 3.39%. 1% sodium hydroxide extractive was 15.45%. Ethanol-benzene extractive was 1.53%. Content of cellulose was 48.35%. Content of acid-insoluble lignin was 24.92%. Content of holocellulose was 76.45%. Content of hemicellulose was 28.1%. pH value of wood was 6.33. Through comparing with other species, high content of cellulose and low content of extractive suggested that Toona ciliate was ideal material for pulping and board making.

Characterization of low enthalpy non-volcanic geothermal systems at Atri and Tarbalo, Eastern Ghats Province, India: An integrated isotope-geochemistry-geothermometry studies and geochemical modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmita Maitra ◽  
Saibal Gupta ◽  
Mruganka Kumar Panigrahi ◽  
Tirumalesh Keesari
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Atmospheric Effect ◽  
Dug Well

<p>Hot springs in the stable Indian shield are non-volcanic in origin. Atri and Tarbalo are two such hot springs in the Eastern Ghats Province (EGP), Eastern India and these are characterized as part of a low enthalpy geothermal system. Stable isotopic, geochemical and geothermometric studies were carried out on these two hot springs as well as on the groundwater of this region to understand the origin and evolution of these non-volcanic hot springs as well as subsurface water system in terms of the source of the dissolved solute in the water, mixing processes and the residence time of the thermal and non-thermal waters. Surface temperature of the slightly alkaline hot spring waters ranges from 45 to 58 °C. Temperature of the cold groundwater, collected from tube and dug well varies between 28 and 32 °C. A distinct hydro-chemical difference can be interpreted from the major ion concentrations of hot waters and non-thermal waters. Hot spring waters have higher concentrations of sodium, potassium and lower calcium, magnesium than cold water. While the hot springs waters are enriched in Cl<sup>-</sup> and F<sup>-</sup> and cold waters are rich in bicarbonate. The low bicarbonate concentration of thermal waters may indicate that the hot spring reservoirs have no atmospheric effect. Definite geochemical differences between these two types of water suggested that there is no mixing between hot spring water and cold groundwater. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that mineral dissolution is the predominant evolutionary mechanism for the thermal and non-thermal waters and these waters hold a partially equilibrated state with the surrounding rocks. Bivariate plots of the major ions also indicate that silicate weathering is the dominant mechanism controlling solutes concentrations in the cold water whereas evaporite dissolution more likely involves in the evolution of hot spring water. The measured stable isotope ratios (δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O) of all the hot and most of the cold-water samples plot along the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL), indicating their meteoric origin where as some cold waters show evaporation effect which suggests atmospheric influence. Tritium and <sup>14</sup>C ages indicate that the cold waters are relatively modern, while the hot waters have a longer residence time of about 5000 years. Based on the chemical characteristics of the hot waters Na-K thermometer, Na-K-Ca thermometer and silica (quartz) thermometer were used to estimate the reservoir temperatures. Cation and silica geothermometers yield similar estimation of the reservoir temperature between 125 -150 °C for hot spring waters. Results of geochemical (numerical) modelling of water-rock interaction in this region, using PHREEQC, are consistent with hydrochemical analysis. Inverse modelling and saturation indices of minerals indicate that water chemistry in this region is controlled by the dissolution of feldspar and saturated with kaolinite, gibbsite and fluorite. This equilibrium is attained in the thermal waters, which therefore show a more restricted range of composition than the non-thermal, colder waters. The higher fluoride concentration in the thermal water may also be attributed of chemical equilibrium with the enclosing host rock.</p>

scholarly journals The Origin of Geothermal Water Around Slamet Volcano - Paguyangan - Cipari, Central Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Sachrul Iswahyudi ◽  
Indra Permanajati ◽  
Rachmad Setijadi ◽  
Januar Aziz Zaenurrohman ◽  
Muhamad Afirudin Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Central Java

The existences of several hot springs between Slamet volcano, Paguyangan, and Cipari Districts raised questions regarding their origin. Several studies have been conducted related to the hydrothermal system at the location. Subsequent studies are needed to understand the hydrothermal system at the research site for the sustainability and conservation of geothermal natural resources. This research has reviewed several previous studies plus the latest information on the origin of hot spring water with the help of deuterium (2H) and 18O isotopes. This study used geochemical analysis of hot springs (geothermal) and local meteoric water to obtain information on isotope values. This was used for the interpretation of the origin of geothermal water. This study also used regional geological analysis methods for the interpretation of the mechanism for the emergence of these hot springs. The results of the analysis informed that the origin of hot water was local meteoric water. The geological structure was weak enough to allow water from the geothermal reservoir to reach the surface and meteoric water into the reservoir.

scholarly journals Direct Method of Measuring the pH Value of Wood

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Geffert ◽  
Jarmila Geffertova ◽  
Michal Dudiak
Keyword(s):  
Wood Surface ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Wood Extraction

A direct method of measuring the pH value of wood substance is proposed in the paper. The achieved results were completed by determining the pH value on the wood surface using the contact method. Moreover, the results were compared to the results achieved using the indirect methods to determine the pH value in cold water, as well as hot water, extract of wood. Using the direct method for measuring the pH value in drilled fresh sawdust, the pH value of beech was 5.11, of birch was 5.29, of alder was 4.88, and of maple was 4.65. Following the achieved results, the possibility to measure the pH value using a fast, accurate method useful in practice complying with the condition of the minimum free water in wood (moisture content of wood above the fibre saturation point) was presented. The results of measurements of the pH value using the contact method on the wood surface showed that this method can be used in the case of coniferous as well as broadleaved trees with heartwood. The value of pH measured on the surface of pine was 4.50, of spruce was 4.79, of the heartwood of oak was 3.46, and of the sapwood of oak 5.04. The measurement of pH values of water extracts confirmed great dependence of measured values on the conditions of wood extraction.

scholarly journals Systematic Renovation Design of Surface Water Source Heat Pump for a Hot Spring Center Based on Thermodynamic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1026-1036
Author(s):  
Yijun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Water System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Spring System

Currently, the application and renovation of surface water heat source pump (WHSP) mainly attempt to optimize heat exchangers, water pumps, the overall system, and economic frictional head loss. The mathematical model is often established and solved with such optimization objectives as optimization parameters, control forms, costs, and feasibility of investment and construction. There are relatively few studies that optimize the operating conditions with the minimal total energy consumption of system operations, and, on this basis, pursue global optimization design of the WSHP system. Therefore, this paper aims to carry out a systematic renovation design of the surface WSHP in a hot spring center in the national forest park of northern Guilin, southwestern China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The project mainly covers the design of hot spring system, air-conditioning system, and hot water system, as well as the exergy analysis of WSHP system. Among them, the design of hot spring system includes the regulation of raw water, cold water, and warmed water; the constant temperature control of hot spring pools; the waste heat utilization of warmed water from the pools. The scientific nature of the design was proved through experiments.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study of Patients’ Beliefs and Perception on Medicinal Properties of Natural Hot Spring Bath for Musculoskeletal Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Binit Vaidya ◽  
Shweta Nakarmi
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problem ◽  
The People ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissue Rheumatism ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Permanent Cure ◽  
Water Springs

Natural therapy modalities such as thermal therapy and balneotherapy are commonly being practiced for the management of chronic aches and pain all over the world. Nepal has many such natural hot water springs among which few are famous for therapeutic purposes. Thousands of people with some musculoskeletal problem visit those places in the hope of getting rid of their problems. This study aimed to understand their belief in such therapies, expectations, and satisfaction after treatment along with their knowledge of the safety of hot spring water bath. Among 126 participants interviewed, 31% had inflammatory arthritis, followed by degenerative disorders in 29.4% and soft-tissue rheumatism in 12.7%. Around three-quarters believed that hot spring water has natural healing power and thus can improve their pain. Many even believed that water in natural springs is devoid of any chemicals. So, it is a safe treatment option. Regarding the expectation of cure, they had mixed opinions. Naïve participants hoped they might find a permanent cure in thermal baths. However, repeated visitors said that the effect usually lasted for a few months and they have to visit there regularly. Almost two-thirds of people thought that such natural treatment does not have any side effects. Few stated that they had faced certain problems after the treatment. The water tested from the study site showed that it contained a higher amount of chlorine and sulfate in comparison to other hot water springs in Nepal. The minerals present in water might be a cause of temporary relief of pain. Also, outbreaks of infection from common spring baths have to be considered as such cases have been reported in the past. In conclusion, the medicinal benefits of such natural hot water springs have to be studied further and awareness regarding safety should be given to the people seeking treatment.

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement by Using Different Number of Fins in Circular Tube

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kamil Abdul Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Finned Tube ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Copper Tube ◽  
Smooth Tube ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Flow Heat

Abstract-The present work investigates the enhancement of heat transfer by using different number of circular fins (8, 10, 12, 16, and 20) in double tube counter flow heat exchanger experimentally. The fins are made of copper with dimensions 66 mm OD, 22 mm ID and 1 mm thickness. Each fin has three of 14 mm diameter perforations located at 120o from each to another. The fins are fixed on a straight smooth copper tube of 1 m length, 19.9 mm ID and 22.2 mm OD. The tube is inserted inside the insulated PVC tube of 100 mm ID. The cold water is pumped around the finned copper tube, inside the PVC, at mass flow rates range (0.01019 - 0.0219) kg/s. The Reynold's number of hot water ranges (640 - 1921). The experiment results are obtained using six double tube heat exchanger (1 smooth tube and the other 5 are finned one). The results, illustrated that the heat transfer coefficient proportionally with the number of fin. The results also showed that the enhancement ratio of heat transfer for finned tube is higher than for smooth tube with (9.2, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1 13.1) times for number of fins (8, 10, 12, 16 and 20) respectively.

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