scholarly journals Bacterial Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern among Patients Admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moti Tolera ◽  
Degu Abate ◽  
Merga Dheresa ◽  
Dadi Marami
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Nosocomial infections remain a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the highly specialized interventions and policies, the rate of infection is still high due to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study described the prevalence of bacterial nosocomial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates among patients admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 nosocomial infection-suspected patients from March 2017 to July 2017. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Specimens from the respective site of infections were collected and examined for the presence of pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility using standard culture and serological tests. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The prevalence of culture-confirmed bacterial nosocomial infection was 6.9% (95% CI: 4.3–7.9). Staphylococcus aureus (18.5%) was the most common isolate followed by Escherichia coli (16.7%). S. aureus showed 80% resistance to chloramphenicol and erythromycin, and 70% to cephalexin and tetracycline, respectively. A methicillin-resistant S. aureus made up 88.9% of all S. aureus isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 83.7% resistance to each of ceftazidime and cephalexin, and 66.7% to chloramphenicol. The most common multidrug-resistant isolates were P. aeruginosa (30.4%) and S. aureus (21.7%). The prevalence of nosocomial infections in this study was comparable with other findings; however, the high rates of antimicrobial resistant isolates represent a substantial threat to the patients, communities, health care providers, and modern medical practices. Bacterial nosocomial infection treatment should be supported by culture isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: Magnitude, Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mekuria Edae ◽  
Zelalem Teklemariam ◽  
Fitsum Weldegebreal ◽  
Degu Abate
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Background. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is one of the major risk factors for the development of urinary tract infections during pregnancy which accounts for about 70% of the cases. However, there is no guideline which recommends routine screening of pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria in most of developing countries including Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the magnitude, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2019. Data were collected through face-to-face interview and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 22. A test of association was performed using logistic regression and P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 19.9%. Direction of wiping after genital wash, postcoital urination, and catheterization were factors significantly associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Most of the isolated Gram positive were highly sensitive to Ceftriaxone (90.9%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci showed higher sensitivity to Augmentin (75.0) and Ceftriaxone (87.5%), whereas they showed resistance to Clindamycin (68.7%) and Ampicillin (62.5%). Gram-negative bacteria isolates showed higher sensitivity to Ceftriaxone (88.2%), Gentamycin (67.5%), and Augmentin (64.7%), while they showed resistance to Ampicillin (70.5%) and Clindamycin (50.0%). Conclusion. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in this study was high. Direction of wiping after genital wash, catheterization, and postcoital urination increases the odds of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Therefore, health education on the predisposing factors is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative nosocomial bacteria at Al Zahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Bahrami ◽  
Fatemeh Shafiee ◽  
Atousa Hakamifard ◽  
Hossein Fazeli ◽  
Rasool Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Vitro Effect

Background and Objectives: Bacterial antibiotic resistance is one of the most important threats for public health around the world. Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria have resistance to most antibiotics including carbapenems complicating the treatment of infections. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of carbapenemase-producing nosocomial Gram-negative pathogens at a referral teaching hospital to reveal the best options for treatment of related infections. Materials and Methods: Gram-negative bacteria, isolated from hospitalized patients with nosocomial infections, underwent meropenem susceptibility test by disk diffusion method. Meropenem-resistant strains were evaluated for the presence of carbapenemase using Modified Hodge test (MHT). Finally, the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed to determine the sensitivity of each carbapenemase-positive strain against various antimicrobial agents according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: Over the study period, 155 carbapenemase-positive isolates were detected. Pneumonia was the most frequent related nosocomial infection (67.1%) followed by UTI (23.2%). Acinetobacter baumannii (53.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (40%) were the most frequently isolated pathogens. The pathogens had high rate of resistance to all antibiotics. Colistin had the most in vitro effect against all pathogens. Also, K. pneumoniae had a co-trimoxazole sensitivity rate equal to colistin (30.6%). Conclusion: Carbapenemase-positive Gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial infections are common in our hospital and have high rate of resistance to most antibiotics. Improvement in the pattern of antibiotic use and infection control measures are necessary to overcome this resistance.

Bacteriological Profile of Wound Swab and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Mst Naznin Tarana ◽  
Jannatul Fardows ◽  
Nasreen Farhana ◽  
Rehana Khatun ◽  
Shahida Akter
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Wound Swab

Background: Wound infections are global problem in the field of surgery associated with long hospital stay, higher treatment expenditure, morbidity and mortality. Objective: To isolate and identify the bacteria causing wound infection and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Shaheed Suhrawady Medical College, Dhaka from January 2017 to December 2017 for a period of one (01) year. A total of 190 wound swabs were collected from the patients who were visited in outpatient department and were admitted at inpatient department with skin and soft tissue infection. Swabs from the wound were inoculated on appropriate media and cultured and the isolates were identified by standard procedures as needed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion method according to ‘The Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute’ guidelines. Results: In this study, out of 190 cases 115 (60.52%) were male and 75 (39.47%) were female and majority 85(44.73%) were in the age group of 16 to 30 years. A total number of 190 isolates were obtained, among which 124 (65.25%) were culture positive cases. Among the isolated organisms predominant bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus 68 (35.79%) followed by Escherichia coli 30 (15.79%), Pseudomonas 14 (7.37%), Klebsiella 6 (3.16%), Proteus 4 (2.10%) and Acinetobacter 2 (1.05%). Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to linezolid (94.11%), vancomycin (88.23%) and amikacin (70.58%). Among the Gram negative isolates Escherichia coli was predominant and showed sensitivity to imipenem (80%), amikacin (70%), ceftazidime (60%), piperacillin+ tazobactum (56.66%), colistin (53.33%). Pseudomonas showed sensitivity to colistin (78.57%), imipenem (71.42%). Klebsiella showed sensitivity to imipenem (83.33%), amikacin (66.66%), piperacillin+ tazobactum (66.66%), and colistin(66.66%). Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen from wound swab and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of various isolates will guide for appropriate selection of antibiotics against wound infection, so as to reduce the spread of resistant bacteria. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2019, Vol.11(1); 65-68

scholarly journals Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi among febrile patients at Karamara Hospital, Jigjiga, eastern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211983785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Admassu ◽  
Gudina Egata ◽  
Zelalem Teklemariam
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
History Of

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi among febrile patients at Karamara Hospital, Jigjiga, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 febrile patients presumptive of enteric fever ( Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi) at Karamara Hospital from 15 February to 20 March 2016. Venous blood was collected, cultured, and biochemical tests were performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for each isolate using modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique. Results: The overall prevalence of enteric fever ( Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi) was 11%. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (7%) was higher than Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi (4%). The odds of having enteric fever were higher among the study participants aged 31–45 years and with previous history of enteric fever. Most of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates were sensitive to tetracycline (78.6%), gentamycin (64.3%), and ceftriaxone (64%), while most of the isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi were sensitive to tetracycline (100%), gentamycin (100%), and ciprofloxacin (62.5%). All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Multidrug resistances were found among most of the isolates. Conclusion: A high prevalence of enteric fever and drug resistance to most commonly prescribed antimicrobials were observed in this study. Those of old age with previous history of enteric infection were more affected by enteric fever. Health information should be given about the transmission, prevention of enteric fever, and antimicrobial use. The treatment of enteric fever should be supported by antimicrobial susceptibility tests in the study areas.

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