scholarly journals Optimization of Process Variables in the Synthesis of Tributyl Citrate Using a Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone-Supported Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Song Wang ◽  
Lanlan Xu ◽  
Linlin Xu ◽  
Chengcheng Tian ◽  
Yinyan Guan
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Optimized Conditions

A polyvinylpolypyrrolidone- (PVPP-) supported Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst ([BsPVPP]HSO4) was synthesized by the reaction between SO3H-functionalized PVPP and H2SO4. The prepared catalyst was characterized by IR, XRD, FESEM, TG, and DSC. The catalytic activity of [BsPVPP]HSO4 in the preparation of tributyl citrate (TBC) by the esterification reaction between citric acid and n-butanol was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the process variables of the esterification reaction. The variables, including the reaction time, the n-butanol-to-citric acid mole ratio, the reaction temperature, and the catalyst amount, were optimized by a Box-Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, with a n-butanol-to-citric acid mole ratio of 5.2 : 1 and a reaction temperature of 120°C, the TBC yield reached 92.9% within 5.5 h in the presence of 6.6 wt% of catalyst; this result is in good agreement with the values predicted by the mathematical model. Moreover, the catalyst could be recycled four times with high catalytic activity.

Study on Bio-Fuels Drop Acid by [BSPy]HSO4 Catalytic Esterification

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2433-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Hua Zhang ◽  
Zhi Hong Xiao ◽  
Liang Bo Zhang ◽  
Ru Kuan Liu ◽  
Wu Hong Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Acid Esterification

Research on the synthesis of BrOnsted acidic ionic liquid by the method of solvent, the pyrolysis bio-fuel with cornus wisoniana oil drop acid esterification reaction, the catalyst dosage, reaction time and reaction temperature on the effects of the acid dropping and in the best optimization under the condition of the stability of the catalyst were investigated. The experimental results show that [BSPHSO4 with high catalytic activity, optimization of process conditions as follows: 1.2% of catalyst, reaction temperature 75 °C, reaction time of 70 min, acid value reduced to 2.0 mg KOH/g. By optimizing the cycle experiment, the stability of the catalyst performance is good, the catalytic activity is relatively stable.

Understanding the role of hydrogen bonding in Brønsted acidic ionic liquid-catalyzed transesterification: a combined theoretical and experimental investigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (48) ◽  
pp. 32723-32734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixin Li ◽  
Yibo Yan ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Junxi Lei ◽  
Xinli Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Networks

The intra- and inter-hydrogen bonding networks that govern the catalytic activity of Brønsted acidic ionic liquids were identified.

Silica Gel Supported Dual Acidic Ionic Liquid as a Recyclable and Efficient Catalyst for Esterification and Acetalization Reactions

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 1336-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Hong Su ◽  
Jun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid

A supported dual acidic ionic liquid was prepared via anchoring 3-sulfobutyl-1-(3-propyltriethoxysilane) imidazolium hydrogen sulfate onto common silica gel by covalent bond. The novel immobilized acidic ionic liquid illustrated high catalytic activity in esterification and acetalization reactions. The products could be separated by simple decantation and the recovered catalyst could be recycled without remarkable loss of catalytic activity even after eight runs for esterification and six runs for acetalization.

scholarly journals Brönsted Acidic Ionic Liquid 1-(1-Propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium-Chloride Catalyzed Hydrolysisof D-Cellobiose in Aqueous Medium

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda S. Amarasekara ◽  
Bernard Wiredu
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Cellobiose Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucose Anomers ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Brönsted acidic ionic liquid 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride (PSMIMCl) shows a higher catalytic activity than sulfuric acid in the hydrolysis of D-cellobiose to D-glucose in water at 90–120°C. This catalytic activity enhancement is more significant at higher temperatures, and at 120°C, PSMIMCl produced 64.5% glucose yield, whereas H2SO4 produced only 42.2% after 40 min. reaction, and this is a 52.8% enhancement of catalytic activity due to the alkylimidazolium group attached to the sulfonic acid group. 1H NMR monitoring of the D-cellobiose hydrolysis in PSMIMCl and sulfuric acid mediums failed to reveal intermediates in the hydrolysis reaction, and this is probably due to rapid conversion of the intermediate(s) to a mixture of D-glucose anomers with α:β≈1:1.6.

Alkylation of Phenol with Cyclohexanol Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquid

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Yu ◽  
Jun Nan ◽  
Jing Cheng Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhou Gui
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reactant Ratio ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Alkylation of phenol with cyclohexanol catalyzed by acidic ionic liquid has been investigated. The influences of reaction temperature, reaction time, reactant ratio (mol ratio of phenol to cyclohexanol), the amount and the recycle of ionic liquid on catalytic activity were studied. The conversion of phenol and the selectivity of paracyclohexylphenol were 75.5% and 61.6%, respectively, under optimum reaction conditions. The ionic liquid was utilized repeatedly over three times without remarkable loss of catalytic activity．

Catalysis Investigation of PET Depolymerization with Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid under Microwave Irradiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Liu ◽  
Yong Shuai Ma ◽  
Ke Wen Shu ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Catalyst Dosage

The catalytic effect of Brønsted acidic ionic liquid for PET hydrolysis reaction under microwave irradiation has been investigated through orthogonal experiment in this article, and the influence of main reaction conditions has also been studied. The results shown that the influence level sequence of reaction factors was: catalyst kind > reaction time > reaction temperature > catalyst dosage. According to a further study of catalyst dosages influence on PET depolymerization degree, the optimal reaction condition was finally concluded as below: [Hexanemi [HSO4] used as catalyst, catalyst dosage: 0.01 mol/2 g PET, reaction time: 210 min, reaction temperature: 195 °C.

scholarly journals Oligomeric ricinoleic acid preparation promoted by an efficient and recoverable Brønsted acidic ionic liquid

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 351-361
Author(s):  
Fei You ◽  
Xing He ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
Hong-Ru Li ◽  
Liang-Nian He
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions

Raw material from biomass and green preparation processes are the two key features for the development of green products. As a bio-lubricant in metalworking fluids, estolides of ricinoleic acid are considered as the promising substitute to mineral oil with a favorable viscosity and viscosity index. Thus, an efficient and sustainable synthesis protocol is urgently needed to make the product really green. In this work, an environment-friendly Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (IL) 1-butanesulfonic acid diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene dihydrogen phosphate ([HSO3-BDBU]H2PO4) was developed as the efficient catalyst for the production of oligomeric ricinoleic acid from ricinoleic acid under solvent-free conditions. The reaction parameters containing reaction temperature, vacuum degree, amount of catalyst and reaction time were optimized and it was found that the reaction under the conditions of 190 °C and 50 kPa with 15 wt % of the [HSO3-BDBU]H2PO4 related to ricinoleic acid can afford a qualified product with an acid value of 51 mg KOH/g (which corresponds to the oligomerization degree of 4) after 6 h. Furthermore, the acid value of the product can be adjusted by regulating the reaction time, implying this protocol can serve as a versatile method to prepare the products with different oligomerization degree and different applications. The other merit of this protocol is the facile product separation by stratification and decantation ascribed to the immiscibility of the product and catalyst at room temperature. It is also worth mentioning that the IL catalyst can be used at least for five cycles with high catalytic activity. As a result, the protocol based on the IL catalyst, i.e. [HSO3-BDBU]H2PO4 shows great potential in industrial production of oligomeric ricinoleic acid from ricinoleic acid.

Studies on Synthesis and Properties of Hydrophobic Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Bing Ding ◽  
Han Sheng Li ◽  
Tong Hua Chu ◽  
Qin Wu ◽  
Yun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ft Ir

A hydrophobic Brønsted acidic ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-(butyl-4-sulfonate) imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BsImR8][HSO4]) was synthesized and characterized by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and thermogravimetry (TG). [BsImR8][HSO4] was used as an efficient catalyst for esterification of oleic acid with methanol to biodiesel. It was founded that [BsImR8][HSO4] exhibited high catalytic activity, which is near to that of H2SO4.It was ascribed to its strong Brønsted acidity. The catalyst could maintain high activity after five cycles of use.

1, 1’-Sulfinyldiethylammonium Bis (Hydrogen Sulfate) as a Recyclable Dicationic Ionic Liquid Catalyst for the Efficient Solvent-free Synthesis of 3, 4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones via Biginelli Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Zainab Ehsani-Nasab ◽  
Ali Ezabadi
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Biginelli Reaction ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Dicationic Ionic Liquid

Objective: A facile and efficient method for synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones via Biginelli reaction catalyzed by a novel dicationic Brönsted acidic ionic liquid, [(EtNH2)2SO][HSO4]2, has been successfully developed. Material and Method:: 3, 4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones were synthesized through one-pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and urea under solvent-free conditions using [(EtNH2)2SO][HSO4]2 as a novel catalyst. The progress of the reaction was monitored by thin-layer chromatography (ethyl acetate / n-hexane = 1 / 5). The products have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and also by their melting points. Results: In this research, a library of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives was synthesized via Biginelli reaction under solvent-free conditions at 120oC using [(EtNH2)2SO][HSO4]2 as a catalyst. Various aromatic aldehydes, as well as heteroaromatic aldehydes, were employed, affording good to high yields of the corresponding products and illustrating the substrate generality of the present method. In addition, the prepared dicationic Brönsted acidic ionic liquid can be easily recovered and reused. Conclusion: 1, 1’-Sulfinyldiethylammonium bis (hydrogen sulfate), as a novel dicationic ionic liquid, can act as a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under solvent-free conditions.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Ionic Liquid Based on N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine and its Application in the Synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydro Xanthenes

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Abdi Piralghar ◽  
Mohammad Mahmoodi Hashemi ◽  
Ali Ezabadi
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Chlorosulfonic Acid ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Aryl Aldehydes ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Aryl Aldehyde ◽  
High Yields

Aim and Objective: In this work, we synthesized and characterized a novel Brönsted acidic ionic liquid from the reaction of N, N, N’, N’-tetramethylethylenediamine with chlorosulfonic acid and explored its catalytic activity in 1, 8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes synthesis. Materials and Methods: Dimedone, aryl aldehydes, and the ionic liquid as the catalyst were reacted under solvent-free conditions. The progressive of the reaction was monitored by a thin layer of chromatography (ethyl acetate/n-hexane = 1/5). All products were characterized as the basis of their spectra data and melting point by comparison with those reported in the literature. Results: The prepared ionic liquid was successfully applied in the synthesis of 1, 8-dioxooctahydroxanthenes in good to high yields on the reaction of aryl aldehyde and dimedone at 120oC under solvent-free conditions. Conclusion: This research demonstrates that the catalyst is impressive for 1, 8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes synthesis under solvent-free conditions.

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