scholarly journals Targeting Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Complications: New Insights

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Lu Cai ◽  
Judy B. de Haan ◽  
Robertina Giacconi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Complications

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 25857
Author(s):  
Samuel Selbach Dries ◽  
Bárbara Da Silveira Soares ◽  
Ana Luiza Ziulkoski ◽  
Simone Gasparin Verza ◽  
Rafael Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Diabetic Complications

*** Oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin ***AIMS: To evaluate oxidative stress parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin, relating these values to its side effects, plasma levels, glycemic control, diabetic complications, lipid profile, and the influence of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up.METHODS: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, on metformin and in pharmacotherapeutic follow-up for four months, were evaluated. The pharmacotherapeutic follow-up consisted in providing information and answering patients’ questions about medication and disease. In addition, administration times, dosages, and presence or absence of side effects related to the use of metformin were verified. Glycemic and lipid profile, oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde) and plasma metformin were evaluated. Pearson’s correlation and Spearman’s correlation were performed to evaluate the relationship between the variables at the beginning of the study. The independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the difference between the groups with and without diabetic complications. The range of values between the beginning and  end of the study was evaluated using Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon U test. The significance level was set at 5%.RESULTS: The initial sample consisted of 49 patients aged 59±9 years with a body mass index of 29.8±5.1 kg/m2, who have had diabetes for a median time of 36 months (interquartile range of 1-240) and have been on metformin for a median time of 36 months (interquartile range of 1-180). Twenty-five patients left the study between the second and fourth meetings. Malondialdehyde levels differed between before and after pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, being positively correlated with blood glucose, glycohemoglobin, and triglyceride level, and negatively correlated with metformin and superoxide dismutase. Blood glucose, glycohemoglobin, and malondialdehyde levels increased, whereas metformin levels decreased in the group with diabetic complications, and there was a correlation between malondialdehyde and the number of diabetic complications per patient.CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin, oxidative stress was more pronounced in those with poor glycemic control and diabetic complications.

Oxidative-stress-induced epigenetic changes in chronic diabetic complications

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Feng ◽  
Michael Anthony Ruiz ◽  
Subrata Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Class Iii

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development and progression of chronic diabetic complications. Diabetes causes mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in the endothelial cells of both large and small vessels. This increased superoxide production causes the activation of several signal pathways involved in the pathogenesis of chronic complications. In particular, endothelial cells are major targets of glucose-induced oxidative damage in the target organs. Oxidative stress activates cellular signaling pathways and transcription factors in endothelial cells including protein kinase C (PKC), c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), forkhead box O (FOXO), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Oxidative stress also causes DNA damage and activates DNA nucleotide excision repair enzymes including the excision repair cross complimenting 1(ERCC1), ERCC4, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Augmented production of histone acetyltransferase p300, and alterations of histone deacetylases, including class III deacetylases sirtuins, are also involved in this process. Recent research has found that small noncoding RNAs, like microRNA, are a new kind of regulator associated with chronic diabetic complications. There are extensive and complicated interactions and among these molecules. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic complications in relation to epigenetic changes such as acetylation and microRNA alterations.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Composite Extract from Leaves and Fruits of Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional Diabetic Therapy against Oxidative Stress in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahm Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Dileep Kumar ◽  
A. B. Abidi ◽  
Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Small Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Glucose Plasma

Oxidative stress plays a vital role in diabetic complications. To suppress the oxidative stress mediated damage in diabetic pathophysiology, a special focus has been given on composite extract (CE) and making small dose of naturally occurring antidiabetic plants leaf and fruits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial role of CE against alloxan- (ALX-) induced diabetes of Wistar strain rats. A dose-dependent study for CE (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight) was carried out to find the effective dose of the composite compound in ALX-induced diabetic rats. ALX exposure elevated the blood glucose, plasma advanced oxidation product (AOPP), sialic acid demonstrating disturbed antioxidant status.CE at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight restored/minimised these alterations towards normal values. In conclusion, small dose of CE possesses the capability of ameliorating the oxidative stress in ALX-induced diabetes and thus could be a promising approach in lessening diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Effects of Metformin, Glibenclamide, and Repaglinide in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventure Chukwunonso Obi ◽  
Theophine Chinwuba Okoye ◽  
Victor Eshu Okpashi ◽  
Christiana Nonye Igwe ◽  
Edwin Olisah Alumanah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Diabetes mellitus is one of the serious global health problems affecting a significant proportion of both developed and developing countries. Overproduction of free radicals and oxidative stress has been associated with the development of diabetic complications. In the present study, the antioxidant effects of metformin (MET), glibenclamide (GLI), and repaglinide (REP) were evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The findings from this study may possibly help in understanding the efficacy of these standard drugs in managing the complications arising from diabetes mellitus (DM). Alloxan (130 mg/kg BW) was administered as a single dose to induce diabetes. Four (4) groups of rats (n=6) were used; group 1 served as diabetic control while groups 2, 3, and 4 were the diabetic test groups that received MET (25 mg/kg), GLI (2.5 mg/kg), and REP (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. The result of the study showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in the altered antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and GSH concentration in diabetic treated rats compared with the diabetic control group. MET and REP produced significant effect on the MDA concentration while GLI showed insignificant reduction in the MDA concentration compared with the diabetic control. Findings from this study suggest that the administration of MET, GLI, and REP exerts significant antioxidant effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, thus contributing to the protective effect against oxidative stress-induced damage during diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Recent novel approaches to limit oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raelene J Pickering ◽  
Carlos J Rosado ◽  
Arpeeta Sharma ◽  
Shareefa Buksh ◽  
Mitchel Tate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Novel Approaches

scholarly journals Effects of Anchomanes difformis on Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Organ Toxicity in STZ-Induced Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Toyin D. Alabi ◽  
Novel N. Chegou ◽  
Nicole L. Brooks ◽  
Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Persistent hyperglycemia is known to cause enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species in diabetes. Several inflammatory cytokines are induced by oxidative stress, and their release also leads to increased oxidative stress; this makes oxidative stress one of the important factors in the development of chronic inflammation and other immune responses. These have been implicated in the development of diabetic complications such as nephropathy and cardiomyopathy. Anchomanes difformis has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. The present study investigated the immunomodulatory potential and the antiapoptotic ability of Anchomanes difformis to ameliorate heart toxicity and injury in type II diabetes. Two weeks of fructose (10%) administration followed by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) were used to induce type II diabetes in male Wistar rats. Leaf extract (aqueous) of Anchomanes difformis (200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally for six weeks. Blood glucose concentrations and body weights before and after interventions were determined. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were measured in the heart homogenates. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total protein, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) levels were determined. Expressions of transcription factors (Nrf 2 and NFkB/p65) and apoptotic markers were also investigated in the heart. Anchomanes difformis administration reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased anti-inflammatory markers, and enhanced antioxidant defense in the heart of diabetic treated animals. Anchomanes difformis is a new, promising therapeutic agent that can be explored for the treatment of pathological conditions associated with immune responses and will be a useful tool in the management of associated diabetic complications.

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