scholarly journals Oxidative-Nitrative Stress and Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation 3 Years after Pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter M. Horváth ◽  
Rita Magenheim ◽  
Nóra J. Béres ◽  
Rita Benkő ◽  
Tamás Pék ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Nitrative Stress ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost

Background. Oxidative-nitrative stress and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation have been previously observed in healthy and gestational diabetic pregnancies, and they were also linked to the development of metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine these parameters and their correlation to known metabolic risk factors following healthy and gestational diabetic pregnancies. Methods. Fasting and 2 h postload plasma total peroxide level, protein tyrosine nitration, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation were measured in circulating leukocytes three years after delivery in women following healthy, “mild” (diet-treated) or “severe” (insulin-treated) gestational diabetic pregnancy during a standard 75 g OGTT. Nulliparous women and men served as control groups. Results. Fasting plasma total peroxide level was significantly elevated in women with previous pregnancy (B = 0.52 ± 0.13; p<0.001), with further increase in women with insulin-treated gestational diabetes (B=0.36±0.17; p<0.05) (R2=0.419). Its level was independently related to previous pregnancy (B=0.47±0.14; p<0.01) and current CRP levels (B=0.06±0.02; p<0.05) (R2=0.306). Conclusions. Elevated oxidative stress but not nitrative stress or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation can be measured three years after pregnancy. The increased oxidative stress may reflect the cost of reproduction and possibly play a role in the increased metabolic risk observed in women with a history of severe gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Effect of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus History on Future Pregnancy Behaviors: The Mutaba’ah Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Nasloon Ali ◽  
Aysha S. Aldhaheri ◽  
Hessa H. Alneyadi ◽  
Maha H. Alazeezi ◽  
Sara S. Al Dhaheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Prenatal Health ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in any pregnancy and recurrence rates are high in future pregnancies. This study aims to investigate the effect of self-reported history of previous GDM on behaviors in a future pregnancy. This is an interim cross-sectional analysis of the pregnant women who participated in the Mutaba’ah Study between May 2017 and March 2020 in the United Arab Emirates. Participants completed a baseline self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic and pregnancy-related information about the current pregnancy and previous pregnancies. Regression models assessed the relationships between self-reported history of GDM and pre-pregnancy and pregnancy behaviors in the current pregnancy. Out of 5738 pregnant parous women included in this analysis, nearly 30% (n = 1684) reported a history of GDM in a previous pregnancy. Women with a history of previous GDM were less likely to plan their current pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–0.96) and more likely to be worried about childbirth (aOR: 1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.36). They had shorter interpregnancy intervals between their previous child and current pregnancy (aOR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.94, per SD increase). There were no significant differences between women with and without a history of GDM in supplement use, sedentary behavior, or physical activity before and during this current pregnancy. Nearly a third of parous pregnant women in this population had a history of GDM in a previous pregnancy. Pregnant women with a previous history of GDM were similar to their counterparts with no history of GDM in the adopted pre-pregnancy and prenatal health behaviors. More intensive and long-term lifestyle counseling, possibly supported by e-health and social media materials, might be required to empower pregnant women with a history of GDM. This may assist in adopting and maintaining healthy prenatal behaviors early during the pregnancy or the preconception phase to minimize the risk of GDM recurrence and the consequential adverse maternal and infant health outcomes.

The cost of reproduction in women: Reproductive effort and oxidative stress in premenopausal and postmenopausal American women

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. e23069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ziomkiewicz ◽  
Amara Frumkin ◽  
Yawei Zhang ◽  
Amelia Sancilio ◽  
Richard G. Bribiescas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
American Women ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Evidence for the Cost of Reproduction in Humans: High Lifetime Reproductive Effort Is Associated with Greater Oxidative Stress in Post-Menopausal Women

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0145753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ziomkiewicz ◽  
Amelia Sancilio ◽  
Andrzej Galbarczyk ◽  
Magdalena Klimek ◽  
Grazyna Jasienska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Maternal and Fetal Outcomes at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
D. H. John ◽  
P. A. Awoyesuku ◽  
D. A. MacPepple ◽  
N. J. Kwosah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common cause of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy accounting for about 90% of all diabetic pregnancies. Women with GDM are at increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality which are preventable through early diagnosis and treatment. Objective: The aim was to determine the prevalence of GDM, compare the maternal and neonatal complications among GDM and non-GDM pregnant women, and the risk factors associated with GDM. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was carried out among 105 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of RSUTH between February and August 2017. They were interviewed using a pre-structured questionnaire that covered variables related to socio-demographic factors and family, medical, and social history. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was done after an overnight fast. Women who had FBS less than 7 mmol/L had 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerant Test (OGTT) done. Those diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus were the exposed group while those negative for GDM were the non-exposed group. Both groups were followed up to delivery, and maternal and fetal outcomes were noted. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 and significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of GDM was 10.5%. Positive history of GDM in previous pregnancy was the only independent risk factor (p=0.04, Adj OR: 26.89, 95% CI 2.86 to 252.61). GDM mothers had a significantly higher risk of developing pre-eclampsia (RR=7.48; 95% CI =3.36 to 16.63). Neonates of GDM mothers were at increased risk of fetal macrosomia (RR =9.00; 95% CI=1.36 to 59.4) and neonatal admissions (RR=8.00; C.I =1.19 to 53.67). Conclusion: The study revealed that the prevalence of GDM was high and that those with GDM were at increased risk of developing fetal and maternal complications. A history of GDM in previous pregnancy was an essential risk factor for subsequent GDM.

scholarly journals The Cost of Reproduction in a Cooperatively Breeding Mammal: Consequences of Seasonal Variation in Rainfall, Reproduction, and Reproductive Suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Juan Jacobs ◽  
Daniel William Hart ◽  
Tobias Suess ◽  
Andries Koch Janse van Vuuren ◽  
Nigel Charles Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Reproductive Suppression ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding ◽  
The Cost

Biological investments, such as reproduction, are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors and their interactions. The trade-off between reproduction and survival has been well established. Seasonally breeding species, therefore, may exhibit variations in these trade-offs, but there is a dearth of knowledge concerning this. This study investigated the physiological cost of reproduction (measured through oxidative stress) across seasons in the cooperatively breeding highveld mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus pretoriae), one of the few seasonal breeding mole-rats. Oxidative stress indicates elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which can overwhelm antioxidant defences resulting in damaged proteins, lipids and DNA, which overall can reduce longevity and compromise reproduction. Oxidative markers such as total oxidant status (TOS-measure of total peroxides present), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), and malondialdehyde (MDA) are utilised to measure oxidative stress. In this study, breeding and non-breeding male (NBM) and female mole-rats were captured during the dry season (breeding period) and wet season (non-breeding period). There was an apparent cost of reproduction in the highveld mole-rat; however, the seasonality pattern to the cost of reproduction varied between the sexes. Breeding females (BFs) had significantly higher MDA during the breeding period/dry season in comparison to the non-breeding period/wet season; this is possibly a consequence of bearing and nursing offspring. Contrastingly, breeding males (BMs) showed increased oxidative damage in the non-breeding/wet season compared to the breeding/dry season, possibly due to increased activities of protecting their mating rights for the next breeding/dry season, but this was not significant. Interestingly, during the non-breeding period/wet season, non-breeding females (NBFs) are released from their reproductive suppression, which resulted in increases in TOS and OSI, which again indicated that just the mere ability to be able to breed results in a cost (oxidative stress). Therefore we can speculate that highveld mole-rats exhibited seasonal variation in redox balance brought about by variation in abiotic variables (e.g., rainfall), physiology and behaviour. We conclude that physiological changes associated with reproduction are sufficient to induce significant acute oxidative stress in the plasma of female highveld mole-rats, which become alleviated following transition to the non-breeding season/wet period suggesting a possible hormetic effect.

A Note on Francesco Ferrara's Cost of Reproduction

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Minelli ◽  
Marco E. L. Guidi ◽  
Antonio Guccione
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
Distinguished Scholar ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Analytical Tools

For those readers who are not familiar with the history of Italian economic thought, the Cost of Reproduction Doctrine (CRD) is an interpretation ofthe theory of value developed by the distinguished scholar Francesco Ferrara (1810–1900) around the middle of the nineteenth century. This was a time when many of the flaws of the classical system had been identified but the analytical tools needed for their elimination were not yet available.

scholarly journals A gestatiós diabetes mellitus súlyossága befolyásolja a három évvel a szülést követően mért microvascularis diszfunkció mértékét, amely kapcsolatban állhat az emelkedett szisztémás oxidatív stresszel

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (47) ◽  
pp. 1932-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Mária Horváth ◽  
Rita Mágenheim ◽  
Beatrix Annamária Domján ◽  
Viktória Ferencz ◽  
Tímea Tänczer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Nitrative Stress ◽  
Previous Gestational Diabetes

Introduction: Oxidative-nitrative stress and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation observed in gestational diabetes may play role in the increased cardiovascular risk in later life. Aim: The present study aimed to examine the influence of the severity of previous gestational diabetes (insulin need) on vascular function three years after delivery. Furthermore, the authors investigated the relation of vascular function with oxidative-nitrative stress and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation. Method: Macrovascular function was measured by applanation tonometry; microvascular reactivity was assessed by provocation tests during Laser-Doppler flowmetry in 40 women who had gestational diabetes 3 years before the study. Oxidative-nitrative stress and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in blood components were determined by colorimetry and immunohistochemistry. Results: Three years after insulin treated gestational diabetes impaired microvascular function and increased oxidative stress was observed compared to mild cases. Conclusions: The severity of previous gestational diabetes affects microvascular dysfunction that is accompanied by elevated oxidative stress. Nitrative stress and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity correlates with certain vascular factors not related to the severity of the disease. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(47), 1932–1936.

scholarly journals Microvascular function in women with former gestational diabetes: A cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Charwat-Resl ◽  
Rajashri Yarragudi ◽  
Moritz Heimbach ◽  
Karoline Leitner ◽  
Michael Leutner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
History Of ◽  
Perfusion Time

Objective: In the long term, diabetes mellitus is potentially associated with the occurrence of microvascular damage. This study sought to assess whether a history of prior gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with long-term effects on the women’s microcirculation. Methods: Within the scope of a long-term follow-up of the ‘Viennese Post-Gestational Diabetes Project’, women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus as well as women with previous pregnancy but with no history of gestational diabetes mellitus (controls) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Microvascular function was assessed by post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia using laser Doppler fluxmetry. Baseline perfusion, biological zero, peak perfusion, time to peak and recovery time were recorded and compared between both groups. Results: Microvascular function was assessed in 55 women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (46.1 ± 4.6 years) and 32 women with previous pregnancy but without prior gestational diabetes mellitus (42.9 ± 5.3 years). The mean period of time between delivery and the assessment of microvascular function was 16.2 ± 5.2 years in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus group and 14.2 ± 4.8 years in controls. Regarding microvascular function, baseline perfusion, biological zero, peak perfusion, time to peak and recovery time did not differ between women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus and controls (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: In the long term, microvascular function appears not to be impaired in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Can single plasma glucose value 2 hours after 75g glucose (DIPSI criteria) replace the gold standard OGTT for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Neeraj Sharma ◽  
Seema Pundir ◽  
Bunty Dinani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Single Plasma

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common medical complication of pregnancy associated with several fetal and maternal complications. There are several screening tools for detecting gestational diabetes mellitus including recent DIPSI criteria of non-fasting single plasma 2-hour value after 75 grams glucose (single step test). The  present study was aimed at calculating  prevalence of GDM, sensitivity and specificity using  non-fasting single plasma 2-hour value after 75 grams glucose for screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus and to study the high-risk characteristics for GDM in this study population.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted for a period of one year. 750 antenatal women attending Antenatal outpatient department(OPD) with period of gestation 24-28 weeks were enrolled in the study. All women  were first tested by 75 gm glucose and then by OGTT for confirmation. Prevalence rates, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were studied. History based questionnaire was used to study the risk characteristics for GDM.Results: Prevalence rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for patients were 14.13%, 73.58%, 95.03%, 70.90% and 95.67%. Among the risk factors 7.2% patients were more than 30 years in age. 0.93% had GDM in previous pregnancy.4.21% had GCA in previous pregnancy, 12.4% had SB/IUD/NND in previous pregnancy. 1.17% had previous pregnancy with birth weight more than 3.5 kg and 9.73% had family history of diabetes mellitus. Past history of GDM (50%) was the most common risk factor in GDM group followed by age > 30 years (29.6%), and family history (24.6%).Conclusions: Screening using DIPSI criteria has good sensitivity and negative predictive values. It can serve as both screening and diagnostic test besides being simple, user friendly, cost effective and evidence-based test in less resource countries like India.

scholarly journals The oxidative cost of reproduction depends on early development oxidative stress and sex in a bird species

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1833) ◽  
pp. 20160842 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Romero-Haro ◽  
G. Sorci ◽  
C. Alonso-Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Erythrocyte Resistance ◽  
The Cost

In the early 2000s, a new component of the cost of reproduction was proposed: oxidative stress. Since then the oxidative cost of reproduction hypothesis has, however, received mixed support. Different arguments have been provided to explain this. Among them, the lack of a life-history perspective on most experimental tests was suggested. We manipulated the levels of a key intracellular antioxidant (glutathione) in captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) during a short period of early life and subsequently tested the oxidative cost of reproduction. Birds were allowed to mate freely in an outdoor aviary for several months. We repeatedly enlarged or reduced their broods to increase or reduce, respectively, breeding effort. Birds whose glutathione levels were reduced during growth showed higher erythrocyte resistance to free radical-induced haemolysis when forced to rear enlarged broods. This supports the hypothesis predicting the occurrence of developing programmes matching early and adult environmental conditions to improve fitness. Moreover, adult males rearing enlarged broods endured higher plasma levels of lipid oxidative damage than control males, whereas adult females showed the opposite trend. As most previous studies reporting non-significant or opposite results used females only, we also discuss some sex-related particularities that may contribute to explain unexpected results.

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