scholarly journals Impact of Various Acids and Bases on the Voltammetric Response of Platinum Group Metal Oxides

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Chalupczok ◽  
Peter Kurzweil ◽  
Helmut Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Platinum Group Metal ◽  
Platinum Metal ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Ph Sensors ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Voltammetric Behavior ◽  
Acids And Bases

The voltammetric response of platinum metal oxides is discussed with respect to novel pH sensors combining both miniaturization and stability. For practical applications in solutions of any kind, for example, in tap water and in domestic sewage, various interferences must be considered, such as chloride and reducing agents. This work clarifies the voltammetric behavior of RuO2 electrodes in solutions of different pH values and ionic strengths.

scholarly journals Inorganic nanomaterial lubricant additives for base fluids, to improve tribological performance: Recent developments

Friction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhai Wang ◽  
Weipeng Zhuang ◽  
Wenfeng Liang ◽  
Tingting Yan ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Nano Additives

AbstractIn this paper, we review recent research developments regarding the tribological performances of a series of inorganic nano-additives in lubricating fluids. First, we examine several basic types of inorganic nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, carbon nanomaterials, and “other” nanomaterials. More specifically, the metallic nanoparticles we examine include silver, copper, nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten nanoparticles; the metal oxides include CuO, ZnO, Fe3O4, TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, and several double-metal oxides; the carbon nanomaterials include fullerene, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxides, graphite, and diamond; and the “other” nanomaterials include metal sulfides, rare-earth compounds, layered double hydroxides, clay minerals, hexagonal boron nitride, black phosphorus, and nanocomposites. Second, we summarize the lubrication mechanisms of these nano-additives and identify the factors affecting their tribological performance. Finally, we briefly discuss the challenges faced by inorganic nanoparticles in lubrication applications and discuss future research directions. This review offers new perspectives to improve our understanding of inorganic nano-additives in tribology, as well as several new approaches to expand their practical applications.

scholarly journals Vermiculture as a biotechnological method of recultivation of disturbed lands in the post-mining system

2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Andrei Babenko ◽  
Dmitrij Bezrukov ◽  
Saulet Karimova ◽  
Akmaral Mametova ◽  
Ludmila Zakonnova
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Plant Waste ◽  
Poplar Leaf

The article shows the prospects of using the technology of vermicomposting for the biological re-cultivation of disturbed mining areas. The valuable properties of vermicompost as a component of soil-substituting mixtures for use in the re-cultivation of disturbed areas are considered. The expediency of using plant waste for the preparation of soil-substituting substrates is shown. The presence of special agrochemical properties of vermicompost obtained during the processing of plant waste (leaf litter) by the Eisenia fetida Savigny culture is experimentally established. The pH values and the content of calcium ions in the vermicompost based on poplar leaf litter were significantly higher than in the vermicompost based on horse manure – 7.61 vs. 6.98 and 112.3 vs. 83 mg-eq. / kg, respectively. Germination of wheat seeds on extracts from vermicompost obtained from poplar litter led to a statistically significant increase in the mass of the formed roots compared to seeds germinated on tap water.

scholarly journals Metal oxides based electrochemical pH sensors: Current progress and future perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 100635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libu Manjakkal ◽  
Dorota Szwagierczak ◽  
Ravinder Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Ph Sensors

Note. Effect of trisodium phosphate on mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial flora attached to the skin of chicken carcasses during refrigerated storage Nota. Efecto del fosfato trisódico en los microorganismos mesófilos y psicrotrofos presentes en la piel de canales de pollo durante su almacenamiento en refrigeración

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Capita ◽  
C. Alonso-Calleja ◽  
M.T. García Arias ◽  
B. Moreno ◽  
M.C. García-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Trisodium Phosphate ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Popula Tions ◽  
Chicken Skin ◽  
Plate Counts

The potential for using trisodium phosphate (TSP) to reduce mesophilic and psychrotrophic popula tions on the skin of chicken carcasses was explored. Skin samples were immersed in sterile tap water (control) or an 8%, 10% or 12% solution of TSP at 20 °C for 15 min. Surface pH values and mesophilic and psychrotrophic plate counts were determined after 0, 1, 3 and 5 days of storage at 2° C. After washing, bacterial populations were significantly smaller in the samples treated with TSP than in the controls. The concentration of the TSP solution was a significant factor in reducing the populations of the bacteria on chicken skin. Before storage, the reduction in the presence of bacteria achieved in treated samples with respect to controls ranged between 0.95 log10 cycles and 1.78 log10 cycles in the case of mesophilic microorganisms, and 0.92 log10 cycles and 1.94 log10 cycles in the case of psychrotrophic strains. These differences between the concentrations of bacteria in samples immersed in water and those treated with TSP increased over time, ranging from 2.35 log 10 cycles to 3.08 log10 cycles (mesophilic microorganisms), and from 2.79 log10 cycles to 4.09 log10 cycles (psychrotrophic microorganisms) on day 5 of storage. The pH of the skin remained more or less constant throughout the study period, ranging between 8 and 9 in skin treated with TSP, depending on the concentration, while it was two units lower in the control samples.

Comparing Human Norovirus Surrogates: Murine Norovirus and Tulane Virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIRSTEN A. HIRNEISEN ◽  
KALMIA E. KNIEL
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Viral Infectivity ◽  
Murine Norovirus ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Human Noroviruses ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tulane Virus

Viral surrogates are widely used by researchers to predict human norovirus behavior. Murine norovirus (MNV) is currently accepted as the best surrogate and is assumed to mimic the survival and inactivation of human noroviruses. Recently, a new calicivirus, the Tulane virus (TV), was discovered, and its potential as a human norovirus surrogate is being explored. This study aimed to compare the behavior of the two potential surrogates under varying treatments of pH (2.0 to 10.0), chlorine (0.2 to 2,000 ppm), heat (50 to 75°C), and survival in tap water at room (20°C) and refrigeration (4°C) temperatures for up to 30 days. Viral infectivity was determined by the plaque assay for both MNV and TV. There was no significant difference between the inactivation of MNV and TV in all heat treatments, and for both MNV and TV survival in tap water at 20°C over 30 days. At 4°C, MNV remained infectious over 30 days at a titer of approximately 5 log PFU/ml, whereas TV titers decreased significantly by 5 days. MNV was more pH stable, as TV titers were reduced significantly at pH 2.0, 9.0, and 10.0, as compared with pH 7.0, whereas MNV titers were only significantly reduced at pH 10.0. After chlorine treatment, there was no significant difference in virus with the exception of at 2 ppm, where TV decreased significantly compared with MNV. Compared with TV, MNV is likely a better surrogate for human noroviruses, as MNV persisted over a wider range of pH values, at 2 ppm of chlorine, and without a loss of titer at 4°C.

Effect of pH and Chemical Surfactant on Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Cu-H2O Nanofluids

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinfang Li ◽  
Dongsheng Zhu ◽  
Xianju Wang ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Zhengdong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Thermal Constants

Nanofluids have been attractive for the last few years with the enormous potential to improve the efficiency of heat transfer fluids. This work focuses on the effect of pH and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) surfactant on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids.The thermal conductivity was measured by a Hot Disk Thermal Constants Anlyser. The results showed that the thermal conductivity enhancements of Cu–H2O nanofluids are highly dependent on the weight fraction of nanoparticle, pH values and SDBS surfactant concentration of nano-suspensions. The Cu–H2O nanofluids with an ounce of Cu have noticeably higher thermal conductivity than the base fluid without nanoparticles, For Cu nanoparticles at a weight fraction of 0.001 (0.1 wt %), thermal conductivity was enhanced by up to 10.7%, with an optimal pH value and SDBS concentration for the highest thermal conductivity. Therefore, the combined treatment with both the pH and chemical surfactant is recommended to improve the thermal conductivity for practical applications of nanofluid.

Study and Progress for RBC in Biological Wastewater Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 317-321
Author(s):  
Fu Jun Liu ◽  
Hua Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Affective Factor ◽  
Forward Part

RBC is one of the effective actors in wastewater treatment. From the fundamental characteristics and treating principle of RBC, this article compares different type of RBC ,includes discussions concerning the progress of RBC’s application、the practical applications and it’s affective factor, then takes a long view of the prospect on studying of RBC on the basis of the discussion in the forward part. Key words: RBC(rotating biological contactor); domestic sewage; industrial wastewater

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