scholarly journals Substance Use, Criminal Recidivism, and Mortality in Criminal Justice Clients: A Comparison between Men and Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Mannerfelt ◽  
Anders Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Female Offenders ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Addiction Severity

Background. This study aimed to map differences between male and female offenders with substance abuse, with respect to descriptive characteristics and risk factors for mortality and criminal recidivism. Methods. Criminal justice clients with substance abuse problems (n=7085) were interviewed with the Addiction Severity Index. Mortality and data on return to criminal justice were retrieved from national registers. Results. Female offenders reported heavier substance use patterns, more psychiatric symptoms, and more often a partner with substance abuse, but had lower mortality (2% versus 4%) and criminal recidivism (62% versus 71%) during follow-up. Having a substance-abusing partner was associated with criminal recidivism among females. Conclusions. Female offenders with substance abuse differ from their male counterparts. Males and females had different risk factors for criminal recidivism.

OxyContin® use and misuse in three populations: Substance abuse patients, pain patients, and criminal justice participants

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Wunsch, MD ◽  
Karen L. Cropsey, PsyD ◽  
Eleanor D. Campbell, MS ◽  
Janet S. Knisely, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Prescription Medication ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Pain Patient ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Rural Appalachia

Objective: This study was designed to describe and compare individuals in rural Appalachia prescribed, abusing or diverting OxyContin® a region with high rates of prescription medication abuse and misuse.Setting and Participants: Fifty subjects treated for OxyContin®abuse, 34 subjects prescribed OxyContin®for pain and 50 subjects incarcerated due to OxyContin®-related charges from rural Appalachia.Interventions: The Addiction Severity Index, DSM-IV Checklist, and an investigator developed questionnaire were administered to all three groups.Results: All three groups included individuals prescribed OxyContin® for pain and demographic variables and psychiatric/medical histories failed to discriminate between the pain and substance abuse (SA) subjects. SA and criminal justice subjects were significantly more likely to have a current DSM-IV diagnosis of psychoactive abuse/dependence and more likely to be younger and unmarried.Conclusion: This study found that these groups are not distinct and in depth evaluations, including a detailed SA history, are needed to identify the pain patient at risk for abuse and/or diversion of prescribed opioids.

scholarly journals Self-Report of Longitudinal Substance Use: A Comparison of the UCLA Natural History Interview and the Addiction Severity Index

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra A. Murphy ◽  
Yih-Ing Hser ◽  
David Huang ◽  
Mary-Lynn Brecht ◽  
Diane M. Herbeck
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Addiction Severity

Factors Associated with the History of Attempted Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hakansson ◽  
L. Bradvik ◽  
F. Schlyter ◽  
M. Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Family History ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Background: The present study examines a population of criminal justice clients for suspected substance-related problems. Aims: It aims to identify variables associated with a history of suicide attempt (SA). Method: 6,836 clients were interviewed with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Attempters were compared to nonattempters regarding substance use, medical/psychiatric status, family history, and social relationships in a stepwise forward logistic regression. Results: Attempters (21%) were more likely to report binge drinking, intake of illicit drugs, injection of drugs, physical and mental illness, problematic family history, and history of being abused. After logistic regression, SA was independently associated with older age, female gender, binge drinking, delirium tremens, injection, overdose, medical problems, psychiatric symptoms, family history of alcohol or psychiatric problems, and sexual, physical, and emotional abuse. The psychiatric and family/social domains (including being abused) most strongly separated attempters from nonattempters. Conclusions: Family background factors, psychiatric symptoms, severity of substance use, and sexual, physical, and emotional abuse appear to be factors associated with SA among criminal justice clients.

scholarly journals Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Activity in Individuals with Substance Use Disorders: A Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinto Nuno Costa Azevedo ◽  
Cláudia Carvalho ◽  
Maria Paula Serrão ◽  
Rui Coelho ◽  
Margarida Figueiredo-Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Comt Activity ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised

Abstract Background Impulsivity and substance use disorders (SUD) can be related to the same environmental factors. In this study, we intended to evaluate the dopaminergic function in imprisoned SUD offenders through the determination of s-COMT activity. Methods The study included 46 male individuals from a Portuguese penal institution. The participants were assessed through a battery of standardised instruments: Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), Barratt Impulsivity Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), and the European version of the Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI). s-COMT erythrocyte activity was evaluated. Results Overall, 73.9% (n=34) of the individuals had Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and 58.7% (n=27) presented SUDs. We evidenced, for the first time, that, in SUD individuals, s-COMT activity is correlated with the severity of drug dependence (EuropASI) (p<0.05), and with BIS-11 factors self-control (p<0.0001) and non-planning (p=0.002). Conclusions This study opens new perspectives regarding the pharmacological intervention on drug dependence through the interference on dopamine pathways.

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