scholarly journals Biological Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases: The Potential ofWolbachia-Based Interventions in an IVM Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Hadji Amadou Niang ◽  
Hubert Bassene ◽  
Florence Fenollar ◽  
Oleg Mediannikov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

People living in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world face an enormous health burden due to mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and filariasis. Historically and today, targeting mosquito vectors with, primarily, insecticide-based control strategies have been a key control strategy against major mosquito-borne diseases. However, the success to date of such approaches is under threat from multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms while vector control (VC) options are still limited. The situation therefore requires the development of innovative control measures against major mosquito-borne diseases. Transinfecting mosquitos with symbiotic bacteria that can compete with targeted pathogens or manipulate host biology to reduce their vectorial capacity are a promising and innovative biological control approach. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge about the association between mosquitoes andWolbachia, emphasizing the limitations of different mosquito control strategies and the use of mosquitoes’ commensal microbiota as innovative approaches to control mosquito-borne diseases.

Urban Landscape Features Influence the Movement and Distribution of the Australian Container-Inhabiting Mosquito Vectors Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes notoscriptus (Diptera: Culicidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan J Trewin ◽  
Daniel E Pagendam ◽  
Myron P Zalucki ◽  
Jonathan M Darbro ◽  
Gregor J Devine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Rainwater Tanks

Abstract Urban landscape features play an important role in the distribution and population spread of mosquito vectors. Furthermore, current insecticide and novel rear-and-release strategies for urban mosquito management rarely consider the spatial structure of the landscape when applying control practices. Here, we undertake a mark-recapture experiment to examine how urban features influence the movement and distribution of Australian container-inhabiting Aedes vectors. We pay attention to the role of semipermanent water storage containers, called rainwater tanks, and the influence of movement barriers, such as roads, on the spread and distribution of vector populations. Results suggest that Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) were more likely to be captured around rainwater tanks, and that released males travel throughout residential blocks but do not cross roads. Conversely, female Aedes notoscriptus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) movement was uninhibited by roads and rainwater tanks did not influence female distribution or oviposition behavior. Using an isotropic Gaussian kernel framework, we show that vector movement is likely to be greater when applying a temporal effect, than when estimated by traditional methods. We conclude that a greater understanding on the role of urban features on vector movement will be important in the new age of rear-and-release mosquito control strategies, particularly those where estimations of movement are important for ensuring efficacy of application.

scholarly journals Transformative tools for tackling tuberculosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (11) ◽  
pp. 1759-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Gardiner ◽  
Christopher L. Karp
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Current State ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Body

The world is in need of more effective approaches to controlling tuberculosis. The development of improved control strategies has been hampered by deficiencies in the tools available for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and defining the dynamic consequences of the interaction of M. tuberculosis with its human host. Key needs include a highly sensitive, specific nonsputum diagnostic; biomarkers predictive of responses to therapy; correlates of risk for disease development; and host response–independent markers of M. tuberculosis infection. Tools able to sensitively detect and quantify total body M. tuberculosis burden might well be transformative across many needed use cases. Here, we review the current state of the field, paying particular attention to needed changes in experimental paradigms that would facilitate the discovery, validation, and development of such tools.

scholarly journals Microbial Pesticides for Insect Pest Management: Success and Risk Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Mandla Rajashekhar ◽  
Banda Rajashekar ◽  
Eetela Sathyanarayana ◽  
M. C. Keerthi ◽  
Padala Vinod Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Microbial Pesticides ◽  
The World

Biotic stress is a major cause for pre and postharvest losses in agriculture. Food crops of the world are damaged by more than of 10,000 species of insects 30,000 species of weeds, 1,00, 000 types of diseases (due to fungi, viruses, bacteria and various microbes) and a 1,000 species of nematodes. Modern day management practices for the above specified stress factors largely depends on the utilization of synthetic pesticides. Pesticide misuse in numerous sectors of agriculture frequently has often linked to health issues and environmental pollution around the world. Thus, there is a growing interest in replacing or possibly supplementing the prevailing control strategies with new and safer techniques. One of the promising management tools in this new state of affairs for crop protection is microbial pesticides. At present, only 3% of plant protectants used globally are covered by bio pesticides, but their growth rate indicates an increasing trend in the past two decades. The discovery of insecticidal property of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) indicated a more extensive part of organism based natural control. Microbial pesticides comprise of a microorganisms (bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoan) or toxins produced by them as the active ingredient. The most commonly used microbial pesticides are entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium, Beauveria and Verticillium), entomopathogenic bacteria (Bt), entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) and baculoviruses (NPV and GV) which able to cause disease in insects. Microbial insecticides are promising alternative to ecologically disruptive pest control measures as they are no longer harmful to the environment and non target organisms. If deployed appropriately, microbial insecticides have capability to bring sustainability to global agriculture for food and food safety.

scholarly journals Biological Control Strategies for Mosquito Vectors of Arboviruses

Insects ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Jang Huang ◽  
Stephen Higgs ◽  
Dana Vanlandingham
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mosquito Vectors

scholarly journals Transmission Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the World: The Roles of Intervention and Seasonality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunxiang Huang ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Aihong Zhang ◽  
Li Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly all over the world. The transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic is still unclear, but developing strategies for mitigating the severity of the pandemic is yet a top priority for global public health. In this study, we developed a novel compartmental model, SEIR-CV(susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed with control variables), which not only considers the key characteristics of asymptomatic infection and the effects of seasonal variations, but also incorporates different control measures for multiple transmission routes, so as to accurately predict and effectively control the spread of COVID-19. Based on SEIR-CV, we predicted the COVID-19 epidemic situation in China out of Hubei province and proposed corresponding control strategies. The results showed that the prediction results are highly consistent with the outbreak surveillance data, which proved that the proposed control strategies have achieved sound consequent in the actual epidemic control. Subsequently, we have conducted a rolling prediction for the United States, Brazil, India, five European countries (the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Germany, and France), southern hemisphere, northern hemisphere, and the world out of China. The results indicate that control measures and seasonal variations have a great impact on the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our prediction results show that the COVID-19 pandemic is developing more rapidly due to the impact of the cold season in the southern hemisphere countries such as Brazil. While the development of the pandemic should have gradually weakened in the northern hemisphere countries with the arrival of the warm season, instead of still developing rapidly due to the relative loose control measures such as the United States and India. Furthermore, the prediction results illustrate that if keeping the current control measures in the main COVID-19 epidemic countries, the pandemic will not be contained and the situation may eventually turn to group immunization, which would lead to the extremely severe disaster of about 5 billion infections and 300 million deaths globally. However, if China's super stringent control measures were implemented from 15 July, 15 August or 15 September 2020, the total infections would be contained about 15 million, 32 million or 370 million respectively, which indicates that the stringent and timely control measures is critical, and the best window period is before September for eventually overcoming COVID-19.

scholarly journals Controlling COVID-19 spread in Jakarta, Indonesia, using quarantine, testing and medical treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihza Rizkia Fitri ◽  
◽  
Toni Bakhtiar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
The World

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak that started in China created COVID-19 pandemic all around the world. This pandemic is declared as a world health crisis by the World Health Organization in 2020. In response to this pandemic, many countries have been conducting various measures to manage the spread of the disease employing lockdown, contacts tracing, and massive testing. As the vaccine and medicine for this virus are under development, the governments all around the world can only apply non-curative measures. With many considerations, especially in the economic sector, governments seem hesitant to apply extensive control measures and this results in a considerable financial loss. In this paper, a generic mathematical model with thirteen compartments is developed, of which it is equipped with five control measures namely quarantine, active carrier identification, recovered individual identification, past infection identification, and medical treatment. We employ the COVID-19 outbreak in Jakarta as a study case to evaluate a series of control scenarios. Optimal control approach is used to find the best control strategy in managing the pandemic. It is suggested that adding the efforts on testing policy and medical treatment 40 days after the first confirmed infection is the most cost-effective strategy with the number of death decreased as much as 60:21 percent of the death cases under initial control strategy.

scholarly journals Dengue fever and insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes in Southeast Asia: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Jian Gan ◽  
Yong Qi Leong ◽  
Muhammad Fakrul Hakim bin Barhanuddin ◽  
Siew Tung Wong ◽  
Shew Fung Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Metabolic Detoxification

AbstractDengue fever is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in Southeast Asia. Insecticides remain the most effective vector control approach for Aedes mosquitoes. Four main classes of insecticides are widely used for mosquito control: organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates. Here, we review the distribution of dengue fever from 2000 to 2020 and its associated mortality in Southeast Asian countries, and we gather evidence on the trend of insecticide resistance and its distribution in these countries since 2000, summarising the mechanisms involved. The prevalence of resistance to these insecticides is increasing in Southeast Asia, and the mechanisms of resistance are reported to be associated with target site mutations, metabolic detoxification, reduced penetration of insecticides via the mosquito cuticle and behavioural changes of mosquitoes. Continuous monitoring of the status of resistance and searching for alternative control measures will be critical for minimising any unpredicted outbreaks and improving public health. This review also provides improved insights into the specific use of insecticides for effective control of mosquitoes in these dengue endemic countries.

Risk analysis of lumpy skin disease in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Baris Ince ◽  
Serkan Çakir ◽  
Mehmet Ali Dereli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
And Control

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Turkish cattle appeared suddenly two years ago. This study evaluates potential risks of LSD and recommends appropriate control measures. The World Animal Health Organization’s protocol was used for the risk analysis. Likelihoods for disease release and exposure were estimated with a qualitative scale ranging from negligible to high. Outbreaks were recorded in nine provinces in Turkey. Total economic loss due to the disease was estimated to be $241.903.500 US dollars. The risk analysis suggests a greater than negligible risk. Therefore, disease prevention and control strategies should be considered by the Turkish Veterinary Authority.

The LYMFASIM Simulation Program for Modeling Lymphatic Filariasis and its Control

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Subramanian ◽  
P. K. Das ◽  
W. Souza ◽  
T. Lapa ◽  
A. F. Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract:The LYMFASIM modeling framework for the transmission and control of the tropical parasitic disease lymphatic filariasis is described and its use in the context of an endemic community in north-eastern Brazil is illustrated. Lymphatic filariasis is a disease with a complex natural history with many unknowns. This complicates decision making with respect to control strategies. With LYMFASIM, a variety of hypotheses can be tested about the life history of the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti, its transmission from man to man through mosquitoes, the role of the immune system in regulating parasite numbers, the development of disease symptoms, and the effects of control measures (drug treatment or mosquito control). The implications of alternative assumptions and uncertainty about the quantification of parameters for the effectiveness of control strategies can be investigated. Thanks to the use of stochastic microsimulation, LYMFASIM is highly flexible and can be adapted and extended as new knowledge emerges.

scholarly journals A Literature Review of Biological and Bio-Rational Control Strategies for Slugs: Current Research and Future Prospects

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Archita Barua ◽  
Christopher D. Williams ◽  
Jenna L. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
External Shell ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

Terrestrial gastropod molluscs (slugs and snails) (Mollusca: Gastropoda) cause significant crop damage around the world. There is no formal approach for differentiating between slugs and snails; however, an organism is usually considered a slug when there is no external shell, or when the shell is small in comparison to the body, and a snail when there is a large external shell. Although snails are an important pest of many crops, this review focuses on slug pests and their nonchemical control measures. A recent study by the UK Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board concluded that the failure to control slugs could cost the UK agriculture industry over GBP 100 million annually, with similar figures reported around the world. Whilst slugs are mostly controlled using chemical molluscicide products, some actives have come under scrutiny due to their detrimental environmental effects and impact on nontarget organisms. This has resulted in the ban of actives such as methiocarb in the UK and EU, and, more recently, the ban of metaldehyde in the UK. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find alternative and effective nontoxic solutions in the interest of global food security. In this paper, we have integrated extant literature on the three main biological control agents of slugs, namely nematodes, carabid beetles and sciomyzid flies, and various promising bio-rational slug control strategies. The review also highlights current research gaps and indicates some relevant potential future directions towards developing environmentally benign slug control solutions.

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