scholarly journals Changes of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Expressions in Thyroid Glands of Patients with Different Thyroid Pathologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj ◽  
Mirosław Andrusiewicz ◽  
Agata Czarnywojtek ◽  
Joanna Waligórska-Stachura ◽  
Maciej Biczysko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Previous Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Low Levels

Purpose. Our aim was to analyze NAMPT expression in thyroid tissue derived from patients with Graves’ disease with (GD) and without (GO) orbitopathy, patients with toxic nodular goiters (TNG) and thyroid cancers (TC), and healthy controls. Methods. 153 thyroid tissue samples of consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomy were collected. Previous therapy with steroids was an exclusion criterion. We collected clinicopathological data of all subjects and we assessed NAMPT expression using qPCR. Results. We found the highest NAMPT expression in the thyroids of patients with GO (n = 20) and cancers (n = 40). Also, there was statistically significant NAMPT overexpression in patients with TNG (n = 30). Relatively low NAMPT expression was found in GD patients (n = 21) and in the control group (n = 39). In one-way ANCOVA, we confirmed that NAMPT expression differs between subgroups and that it is not influenced by age, BMI, or sex of patients. Conclusions. Reported alteration of NAMPT expression might suggest its involvement in thyroid pathologies. Observed NAMPT overexpression in patients with GO and its relatively low levels in thyroids of patients with GD without eye changes do not confirm causal relationship between NAMPT level and orbitopathy, but this needs further investigation.

Repeated thyrotrophin stimulation of thyroid secretion: lack of refractoriness in vivo

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
N. Bagchi ◽  
T. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cyclic Amp Accumulation ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Thyroid Secretion ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT It has been reported that prior exposure of thyroid tissue to TSH in vitro induces a state of refractoriness to new challenges of the hormone. We have investigated the effect of repeated TSH treatment on thyroid secretion to determine whether such refractoriness exists in vivo. The rate of thyroid secretion was estimated by measuring the rate of hydrolysis of labelled thyroglobulin from mouse thyroid glands in vitro. The thyroid glands were labelled in vivo with 131I and then cultured for 20 h in the presence of mononitrotyrosine, an inhibitor of iodotyrosine deiodinase. The rate of hydrolysis of labelled thyroglobulin was measured as the percentage of radioactivity released as free iodotyrosines and iodothyronines into the gland and the medium at the end of incubation. Thyrotrophin was administered in vivo at hourly intervals for 2–4 injections. The corresponding control group received saline injections every hour except for the last injection when they received TSH. The peak rates of thyroglobulin hydrolysis, measured 2 h following the last injection, were similar in animals receiving two, three or four TSH injections and were not different from those in the control groups. Serum tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations 2 h after the last injection were higher in the groups receiving multiple TSH injections. Thyroidal cyclic AMP accumulation in response to TSH was markedly depressed in the group receiving multiple injections compared with the group receiving a single injection of TSH in vivo. These data indicate that (1) the stimulatory effect of TSH on thyroidal secretion is not diminished by prior administration of the hormone in vivo, (2) repeated TSH administrations in vivo cause refractoriness of the adenylate cyclase response to TSH and (3) a dichotomy exists between the secretory response and the adenylate cyclase response to repeated administrations of TSH. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 153–157

The effects of cytokines, antithyroidal drugs and glucocorticoids on phagocytosis by thyroid cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Matsunaga ◽  
Katsumi Eguchi ◽  
Takaaki Fukuda ◽  
Hiroshi Tezuka ◽  
Yukitaka Ueki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Latex Beads ◽  
Thyroid Glands

Abstract. The present study was undertaken to examine whether thyrocytes possess phagocytic activity and whether the phagocytic activity is influenced by cytokines, such as interleukin 1, 2 (IL 1, IL 2) and interferon-α, -β, and -γ (IFN-α, β, and γ), and drugs, such as methimazole and dexamethasone. Thyroid glands were obtained from patients with Graves' disease. Thyrocytes were prepared by collagenase digestion. Thyrocytes were pre-incubated in the presence or absence of cytokines and drugs at 37°C for 20 h and were further incubated with fluoresceinated latex beads at 37°C for 60 min. The number of phagocytic thyrocytes was determined by FACS IV. Phagocytosis of latex beads was indeed seen within thyrocytes and gradually increased in a time-dependent manner. The rate of phagocytosis in thyrocytes was extremely slow as compared with that in macrophages. Phagocytic activity was detected in thyrocytes from patients with Graves' disease and from normal thyroid tissue adjacent to thyroid cancer. Phagocytosis was inhibited by IL 1, but was enhanced by IL 2. Although the enhanced phagocytosis with IFN-β was consistently seen, little effect was detected with IFN-α and -γ. Both methimazole and dexamethasone markedly inhibited phagocytosis. These results indicated that thyrocytes had phagocytic properties and that their phagocytic activity was modulated by cytokines, antithyroidal drugs and dexamethasone.

scholarly journals HHV-6 Infection and Chemokine RANTES Signaling Pathway Disturbance in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Sultanova ◽  
Maksims Cistjakovs ◽  
Liba Sokolovska ◽  
Katerina Todorova ◽  
Egils Cunskis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Visual Confirmation

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) in autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) development. We examined the possible involvement of HHV-6 gene expression encoding immunomodulating proteins U12 and U51 in AIT development and their role in the modulation of chemokine signaling. One hundred patients with autoimmune thyroiditis following thyroidectomy were enrolled in this study. Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used to detect the HHV-6 sequence in DNA samples. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) with three different HHV-6 gene targets (U79/80, U51 and U12) was to detect active infection markers. HHV-6 load was identified using a commercial real-time PCR kit. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the expression of the HHV-6 antigen and RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) in thyroid gland tissue. Different commercial immunosorbent assay kits were used for the detection of RANTES, IFNγ, IL-6, and TNFα levels in the AIT patient group and controls. We detected 98% presence of the HHV-6 genomic sequence in AIT patients’ thyroid gland tissues. Markers of active HHV-6 infection (HHV-6 U79/80, U12 and/or U51 mRNA) were predominant in AIT patients’ thyroid tissue samples in comparison with the control group (56% vs. 6%). Evidence from immunofluorescence microscopy showed that HHV-6 can persist in thyrocytes and can interact with RANTES. Visual confirmation of the intense immunofluorescence signal of RANTES detected in thyroid tissues could indicate high expression of this chemokine in the thyroid gland. On the other hand, immunosorbent assays showed very low RANTES levels in AIT patients’ peripheral plasma. These results indicate that RANTES level in AIT patients could be influenced by HHV-6 activation, which in turn may aid AIT development.

scholarly journals Increased oxidative stress as a mechanism for decreased BDNF levels in acute manic episodes

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Kapczinski ◽  
Benício N Frey ◽  
Ana C Andreazza ◽  
Márcia Kauer-Sant'Anna ◽  
Ângelo B M Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Low Levels

OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: There is a growing amount of data indicating that alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and increased oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. In light of recent evidence demonstrating that brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are decreased in situations of increased oxidative stress, we have examined the correlation between serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, a measure of lipid peroxidation, and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in bipolar disorder patients during acute mania and in healthy controls. RESULTS: Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were negatively correlated in bipolar disorder patients (r = -0.56; p = 0.001), whereas no significant correlation was observed in the control group.. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that alterations in oxidative status may be mechanistically associated with abnormal low levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor observed in individuals with bipolar disorder.

Intrathyroidal cytokine gene expression profiles in autoimmune thyroiditis

1994 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Paschke ◽  
F Schuppert ◽  
M Taton ◽  
T Velu
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cytokine Mrnas

Abstract Cytokines are thought to mediate the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune thyroiditis. However, this concept is mainly based on in vitro findings and to date only interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) have been detected in Graves' disease in vivo. The cytokine pattern produced by T-helper (Th) cells has important regulatory effects on the nature of the immune response. We therefore determined these cytokine mRNAs in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. RNA was extracted by cesium chloride gradient centrifugation from the thyroid tissue of 12 patients undergoing thyroid resection for Graves' disease and from two patients being treated for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Two patients with parathyroid adenomas and one patient with a goiter were used as controls. RNA was also extracted from normal human thyroid epithelial cells in primary culture. The cDNAs were prepared by reverse transcription and amplified for IL-2, -4, -5, -6 and -10 and IFN-γ by polymerase chain reaction. All the cytokine mRNAs were detected in the Hashimoto's thyroid glands in large quantities. Six of the 12 Graves' disease thyroid glands showed, when compared with controls, an increased accumulation of transcripts for: IFN-γ, IL-2, -4 and -10 or IL-2, -4 and IFN-γ or IL-2 and IFN-γ or IFN-γ alone, each in one case or IL-2 alone in two cases. These cytokine profiles were not representative of a Th1 or Th2 phenotype. Increased amounts of cytokine mRNA in thyroid glands from Graves' disease patients were mostly associated with high microsomal antibody titres and/or prominent intrathyroidal lymphocytic infiltration. IL-6 and/or IL-10 mRNAs were detectable in all Graves' disease thyroid glands and in control thyroid tissue. IL-10 mRNA was not detectable in normal human thyroid epithelial cells in primary culture. Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis clearly differ with respect to the number of positive intrathyroidal cytokine mRNAs and their levels. The different cytokine patterns in Graves' disease and in Hashimoto's thyroiditis could reflect the clinical spectrum of autoimmune thyroiditis which is characterized by thyroid tissue destruction and/or thyroid autoantibody production. These data suggest that the course of autoimmune thyroiditis is regulated by the interplay of several cytokines. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 141, 309–315

scholarly journals Biochemical and Microstructural Profile of the Thyroid Gland from Lambs Raised on Experimental Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-680
Author(s):  
Tatyana Giro ◽  
Andrey Kulikovsky ◽  
Alexandra Knyazeva ◽  
Ivan Domnitsky ◽  
Anna Giro
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Negative Effect

Introduction. The present research featured biochemical and microstructural features of thyroid glands obtained from lambs raised on various feeds enriched with essential elements. The article focuses on iodine as the most important physiologically active microelement. Iodine participates in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, namely thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which are known to regulate metabolic processes. Iodine deficiency may impair reproductive function and cause such diseases as endemic goiter. Study objects and methods. The study involved thyroid glands from lambs of the Edilbaev breed aged seven months. The lambs were divided into four experimental groups, ten animals in each. The lambs received several feed additives. Ioddar-Zn and DAFS-25 had a balanced protein and carbohydrate content, while the mineral feed of Coretron brand contained such trace elements and minerals as iodine, selenium, and silicon. Results and discussion. The experiment made it possible to describe the microstructural profile of the thyroid glands extracted from seven-month-old lambs raised on feeds enriched with iodine and selenium. Ioddar-Zn and DAFS-25 did not harm the structure of the thyroid tissue, while causing its functional activation in some cases. The morphological parameters of the thyroid glands indicated some breed differences. The iodine concentration in the thyroid glands obtained from the experimental animals was five or six times higher than that in the control group. The content of mono- and diiodotyrosine depended on the accumulation profile of organic iodine. Conclusion. Diets enforced with DAFS-25, Ioddar-Zn, silicon, and a protein-carbohydrate complex produced no negative effect on the structure of the thyroid tissue. It fact, the diet increased the organic iodine content in the thyroid glands in the form of iodotyrosines. The gland structure revealed some cubic epithelium or follicular cells. The mass spectrometric studies confirmed the presence of covalently bound iodine in the form of mono- and diiodotyrosine. Thus, the abovementioned feed additives can be recommended for industrial use.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase expression in thyroid glands of patients with Graves' disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj ◽  
Miroslaw Andrusiewicz ◽  
Agata Czarnywojtek ◽  
Joanna Waligorska-Stachura ◽  
Maciej Biczysko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graves Disease ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Thyroid Glands

scholarly journals Comparison between Bromine, Calcium, Chlorine, Iodine, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese, and Sodium Contents in Normal Thyroid and Riedel’s Struma

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zaichick ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Role of chemical elements (ChE) in etiology and pathogenesis of Riedel’s disease (RD) is unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess whether there were significant changes in thyroid tissue levels of eight ChE (Br, Ca Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na) are present in the fibrotic transformed thyroid. Eight ChE of thyroid tissue were determined in 6 patients with RD. The control group included thyroid tissue samples from 105 healthy individuals. Measurements were conducted using non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis with high-resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. Reduced mean values of Ca and I content in 6.3 and 6.7 times, respectively, while elevated level of Br in 5.1 times were found in thyroid with RD in comparison with normal level. Because considerable changes in some ChE contents in tissue of thyroid with RD were found, it is reasonable to assume that the levels of these ChE in affected thyroid tissue can be used as RD markers. However, this topic needs additional studies.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN BROMINE, CALCIUM, CHLORINE, IODINE, POTASSIUM, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, AND SODIUM CONTENTS IN MACRO- AND MICRO-FOLLICULAR COLLOID GOITER

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR ZAICHICK
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Objective: Colloid nodular goiter (CNG) is the most common disease of the thyroid, even in non-endemic regions, but the etiology of CNG is unclear. It is known that not merely iodine (I) but other chemical elements (ChE) are involved in goitrogenesis. The current study was performed to clarify the preferential accumulation of some ChE either in the colloid or in cells of the thyroid gland. Methods: Eight ChE: Bromine, calcium, chlorine (Cl), I, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and sodium (Na) in the thyroid tissues with diagnosed CNG were prospectively evaluated in 16 patients with macrofollicular CNG and 13 patients with microfollicular CNG. The control group included thyroid tissue samples from 105 healthy individuals. Measurements were conducted using non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis with high-resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. Results: It was found that in macrofollicular CNG, the mass fraction of Cl and Na was 2.57 and 1.82 times, respectively, higher than in tissues of the normal thyroid. In microfollicular CNG, the mass fraction of I was 59% lower, whereas the mass fraction of Na was 67% higher than in tissues of the normal thyroid. The level of I in macrofollicular goiter was 2.08 times higher than in microfollicular goiter Conclusion: There are substantial changes in ChE contents in the goitrous transformed tissue of the thyroid, which depend on the histology of the goiter.

High Serum Fractalkine is Associated with Lower Trabecular Bone Score in Premenopausal Women with Graves’ Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (08) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kužma ◽  
Peter Vaňuga ◽  
Neil Binkley ◽  
Ivana Ságová ◽  
Dušan Pávai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Trabecular Bone Score ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Amino Terminal

AbstractChemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) may be an important factor linking thyroid status and bone remodeling, through tetrac, a derivative of thyroxine. This study explores the relationship between serum fractalkine levels and parameters of thyroid status and bone in premenopausal women with Graves’ disease (GD) in comparison to healthy controls. This cross-sectional study included three premenopausal female groups: active GD; cured GD, and healthy age-, gender-, and BMI-matched controls. Measurement of serum fractalkine levels (Quantikine® ELISA), total amino-terminal peptide of procollagen type 1 (P1NP), CTx, thyroid hormones, BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS) were performed in all study subjects. Sixty women (21, 16, and 23 in active GD, cured GD, and healthy control groups, respectively) were included. Serum fractalkine levels were higher (p<0.05) in active and cured GD subjects compared to healthy controls (mean 0.7±0.14; 0.93±0.15, and 0.48±0.13 ng/ml, respectively). Lumbar spine BMD was lowest in the cured GD group in comparison to active GD and control group subjects (0.926±0.03; 1.016±0.03; 1.051±0.03 g/cm2; p<0.05, respectively). TBS was lower (p<0.05) in both GD groups than controls being lowest in those with active GD (1.395±0.02; 1.402±0.02, 1.469±0.02, respectively). Serum fractalkine concentration was positively correlated with fT4, and negatively correlated with TBS values. GD in pre-menopausal females is associated with increased serum fractalkine concentration and decreased TBS. Fractalkine may be a currently unappreciated link between hyperthyroidism and bone; further research into this possibility is needed.

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