scholarly journals How to Use CA-125 More Effectively in the Diagnosis of Deep Endometriosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurelio Pinho Oliveira ◽  
Thiers Soares Raymundo ◽  
Leila Cristina Soares ◽  
Thiago Rodrigues Dantas Pereira ◽  
Alessandra Viviane Evangelista Demôro
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Deep Endometriosis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) is a severe form of the disease. The median time interval from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis of endometriosis is around 8 years. In this prospective study patients were divided into two groups: cases (34 DIE patients) and control (20 tubal ligation patients). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of CA-125 measurement in the menstrual and midcycle phases of the cycle, as well as the difference in its levels between the two phases, for the early diagnosis of DIE. Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CA-125 in menstrual phase and of the difference between menstrual and midcycle phases had the best performance (both with AUC = 0.96), followed by CA-125 in the midcycle (AUC = 0.89). The ratio between menstrual and midcycle phases had the worst performance. CA-125 may be useful for the diagnosis of deep endometriosis, especially when both are collected during menstruation and in midcycle. These may help to decrease the long interval until the definitive diagnosis of DIE. Multicentric studies with larger samples should be performed to better evaluate the cost-effectiveness of measuring CA-125 in two different phases of the menstrual cycle.

scholarly journals The effect of diminazene aceturate on cholinesterase activity in dogs with canine babesiosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Milner ◽  
F. Reyers ◽  
J.H. Taylor ◽  
J.S. Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

A clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effects of diminazene aceturate and its stabiliser antipyrine on serum pseudocholinesterase (PChE) and red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC AChE) in dogs with babesiosis. The trial was conducted on naturally occurring, uncomplicated cases of babesiosis (n = 20) that were randomly allocated to groups receiving a standard therapeutic dose of diminazene aceturate with antipyrine stabiliser (n = 10) or antipyrine alone (n = 10). Blood was drawn immediately before and every 15 minutes for 1 hour after treatment. Plasma PChE showed a 4 % decrease between 0 and 60 min within the treatment group (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups at any of the time intervals for PChE. There was an increase in RBC AChE activity at 15 min in the treatment group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups at any time interval for RBC AChE. In view of the difference in PChE, samples from additional, new cases (n = 10) of canine babesiosis were collected to identify the affect of the drug over 12 hours. No significant depression was identified over this time interval. The results suggests that the underlying mechanism in producing side-effects, when they do occur, is unlikely to be through cholinesterase depression.

scholarly journals How to Allocate the Allowance for the Aviation Industry in China’s Emissions Trading System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2541
Author(s):  
Bao-Jun Tang ◽  
Yu-Jie Hu
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Trading System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Emissions Trading System

In order to combat climate change and control emissions in the aviation industry, it is necessary to research the aviation industry’s potential application of China’s Emissions Trading System (ETS), especially the carbon allowance allocation (CAA). On the basis of historical and benchmarking CAA schemes, considering the responsibility, capacity, and potential of firms, this study proposes the indicators CAA (ICAA) scheme. Moreover, considering firms’ costs, this study also proposes a multi-objective CAA (MCAA) scheme. Finally, the most effective scheme is reported. Results show that under ICAA and MCAA, caps are lower and basically consistent with the emissions reduction target of the “13th Five-Year Plan Work Program for Controlling GHG Emissions of Civil Aviation in China” and international goals. Different types of airlines gain different quotas according to their income and the number and age of their aircraft. The cost of reducing emissions in each scheme is less than 0.35% of their total costs. Under the ICAA-S, ICAA-P, and MCAA schemes, airlines can achieve a reduction in emissions of 19.7%, 20.9%, and 19.6%, respectively. Moreover, under MCAA, the difference in quotas between airlines is smaller. Therefore, of the schemes evaluated, MCAA is the most effective.

scholarly journals Gender differences in proximal esophageal contractions

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Oliveira Dantas ◽  
Leda Maria Tavares Alves ◽  
Rachel de Aguiar Cassiani
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Manometric Method ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Esophageal Contraction

CONTEXT: There are reports showing that gender has an influence on swallowing and on the contractions of the distal esophageal body. OBJECTIVE: In this investigation we studied the effect of gender on proximal esophageal contraction. METHODS: We studied 20 men (22-68 years old, median 39 years) and 44 women (18-61 years old, median 41 years) without symptoms and without gastrointestinal or respiratory diseases. We measured the time interval between the onset of pharyngeal contraction 1 cm proximal to the upper esophageal sphincter and the onset of the proximal esophageal contraction 5 cm from the pharyngeal recording. We also measured the amplitude, duration and area under the curve of the proximal esophageal contractions. The recording was performed by the manometric method with continuous perfusion. The contractions were recorded in duplicate after swallows of a 5 mL bolus of water. RESULTS: There were no differences between men and women in the interval between the onset of pharyngeal and of esophageal contractions or in the amplitude of esophageal contractions. The duration of contractions was longer in women (2.35 ± 0.60 s) than in men (2.07 ± 0.62 s) but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.087). The area under the curve of the esophageal contraction was higher in women (130.2 ± 55.2 mm Hg x s) than in men (97.4 ± 49.4 mm Hg x s, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is a difference between men and women in the proximal esophageal contractions in response to wet swallows, although this difference is of no clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Cost-Sensitive Machine Learning Classification for Mass Tuberculosis Screening

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Septiandri ◽  
Aditiawarman ◽  
Roy Tjiong ◽  
Erlina Burhan ◽  
Anuraj H. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Primary Health Centres ◽  
Positive Class ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

AbstractActive screening for Tuberculosis (TB) is needed to optimize detection and treatment. However, current algorithms for verbal screening perform poorly, causing misclassification that leads to missed cases and unnecessary and costly laboratory tests for false positives. We investigated the role of machine learning to improve the predefined one-size-fits-all algorithm used for scoring the verbal screening questionnaire. We present a cost-sensitive machine learning classification for mass tuberculosis screening. We compared score-based classification defined by clinicians to machine learning classification such as SVM-RBF, logistic regression, and XGBoost. We restricted our analyses to data from adults, the population most affected by TB, and investigated the difference between untuned and unweighted classifiers to the cost-sensitive ones. Predictions were compared with the corresponding GeneXpert MTB/Rif results. After adjusting the weight of the positive class to 40 for XGBoost, we achieved 96.64% sensitivity and 35.06% specificity. As such, sensitivity of our identifier increased by 1.26% while specificity increased by 13.19% in absolute value compared to the traditional score-based method defined by our clinicians. Our approach further demonstrated that only 2000 data points were sufficient to enable the model to converge. Our results indicate that even with limited data we can actually devise a better method to identify TB suspects from verbal screening. This approach may be a stepping stone towards more effective TB case identification, especially in primary health centres, and foster better detection and control of TB.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ANGGARAN KAS SEBAGAI ALAT PERENCANAN DAN PENGENDALIAN KAS PADA PT PELABUHAN INDONESIA IV CABANG BITUNG

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Amelia Saipi ◽  
Jantje J. Tinangon ◽  
I Gede Suwetja
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Draw Conclusion ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Observation Period

PT Pelabuhan Indonesia IV Branch Bitung uses the cash budget as their management tool, for the planning and control of the company's cash in achieving the success of the objectives to be achieved by the company. The purpose of this research is to know how cash budget as a planning and control tools cash in PT Pelabuhan Indonesia IV Branch Bitung with observation period of cash budget in 2015, 2016, and 2017. In this research, using descriptive method by collecting information from research result then analyze and draw conclusion from research, method of collecting information in this research by direct interview with finance section about process of preparing cash budget. The results show that the cash budgeting process in PT Pelabuhan Indonesia IV Branch Bitung uses a buttom up budgeting approach where the budget is prepared and prepared by the parties who will implement the budget. The causes of the difference (variance) between the budget and the realization of the cash budget are internal and external factors of the firm. Planning the cash budget by estimating the cost and analysis of the company's activities and for controlling its cash budget in the form of control over good deviations is favorable or unfavorable as well as revisions to deviations that occur.Keywords: Cash Budget, Planning, Controlling

scholarly journals Indeks glikemik cookies growol: studi pengembangan produk makanan selingan bagi penyandang diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Desty Ervira Puspaningtyas ◽  
Puspita Mardika Sari ◽  
Nanda Herdiyanti Kusuma ◽  
Debora Helsius SB
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Control Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Glycemic index of growol cookies: snack development study for people with diabetes mellitusBackground: Low-glycemic foods with high fiber content have been shown to control blood glucose in diabetics. Growol, cassava fermented food, can be potentially developed as a functional food for diabetics. Growol has higher dietary fiber and lower total sugar, reducing sugar, and sucrose compared to cassava. Carbohydrates in growol combined with roasting processing techniques into cookies products may potentially change the glycemic index of the product.Objective: To examine the potency of growol cookies as a snack for diabetics in terms of the glycemic index of cookies.Methods: This observational laboratory study analyzed the glycemic index of growol cookies compared to glucose and control cookies. The study was conducted from April to October 2019. Ten subjects were involved in the glycemic index measurement. The glycemic index was analyzed through the area under the curve (AUC) ratio of glucose response of food by measuring blood glucose levels during fasting; 30; 60; 90; and 120 minutes after consuming test foods (growol cookies and control cookies).Results: AUC for glucose, control cookies, and growol cookies were 13,669.5; 11,886; and 11,941.5. The glucose glycemic index was 100, while the glycemic index of control cookies and growol cookies was 87. Both control cookies and growol cookies are high glycemic index food. There was an AUC difference between glucose and control cookies (p=0.001) and between glucose and growol cookies (p=0.001). The difference in AUC between control cookies and growol cookies (p=0.991) was not seen.Conclusions: Growol cookies have a lower glycemic index than glucose, but it still cannot be consumed as an alternative snack for diabetics.

scholarly journals Dynamic Programming to Solve Picking Schedule at the Tea Plantation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Siti Mahsanah Budijati ◽  
Bermawi Priyatna Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Rolling Schedule ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Schedule Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

The tea picking schedule at PT Perkebunan Ciater is set to be the same for all plantation blocks. In fact, the altitude from sea level and the pruning age of each plantation block is different, this results in the difference of buds’ growth. The implementation of the same picking schedule causes the quality and quantity of tea buds often could not be fulfilled. This research is to determine the precise picking schedule by considering the buds’ growth of each plantation block. Two steps are implemented to solve the problem. The first step is to look for picking period and the pattern of buds’ quality for each plantation block, which corresponds to the altitude of the location and the pruning age. The regression method is applied in this first step. The buds’ quality pattern is then used to determine the cost of decreasing buds’ quality and the costs of the buds that left in the plantation. The second step is to develop the picking schedule using dynamic programming, which minimizes the total cost of picking. In addition to this, we also develop a rolling schedule, which schedule time interval is three days. The model results show that the proposed schedule gives a better total cost than the current schedule and the buds’ quality target is easier to achieve.

scholarly journals Interleaved Boost Converter with ZVT-ZCT for the Main Switches and ZCS for the Auxiliary Switch

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Ing Hwu ◽  
Jenn-Jong Shieh ◽  
Wen-Zhuang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Boost Converter ◽  
Resonant Circuit ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Current Sharing ◽  
Zero Current ◽  
Power Switches ◽  
Interleaved Boost Converter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Control

A soft-switching interleaved topology is presented herein and applied to the boost converter. The basic operating principle is that the main power switches are turned on at zero voltage and turned off at zero current via the same auxiliary resonant circuit whose switch is turned on from zero current. Furthermore, as compared to the traditional boost converter, the proposed topology has three additional auxiliary diodes, two additional auxiliary capacitors, one additional auxiliary inductor, and one additional auxiliary switch. On the other hand, since the interleaved control is adopted herein, the difference in current between the two phases exists. Hence, the cascaded control is utilized to regulate the output voltage to the desired voltage via the first phase, whereas the current-sharing control, based on half of the input current as the current reference for the second phase, is employed so as to make the load current extracted from the two phases as evenly as possible. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed topology and control strategy is demonstrated by some experimental results.

scholarly journals PENYUSUNAN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN BRANTAS RIVER CHECK DAM 10 (BRCD-10) KOTA BATU MALANG

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Gunawan Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Implementation Quality ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Uncertain seasonal changes lately, causing a lot of flooding, especially in the Brantas River Basin, causing several volcanoes in the upper reaches of the Brantas River are also often carries sediment in case of floods or heavy rain, one of these volcanoes are Arjuno Mount, many of carrying materials sedimentation. One way that can be used to reduce and control the sediment, along the Brantas River by building Sabo Dam. Sabo Dam construction plan targets not only in the upper Brantas River, but also in downstream areas of the Brantas River. Sabo Dam construction by the Contractor with Grade 7 is expected to be completed in accordance with the planning purpose, because the good planning and direction will be able to save time, costs and problems (risks) that will bring the work to the activities of its main objectives, namely the right time, right cost and right quality. Implementation work methods to used for complete the development work Sabo Dam is coffering which planned uses "Phase Half-Span", which spans half a dodger and the other half worked for the evader landscape flow. The cost of implementing the budget obtained after analysis is Rp. 5,212,063,817.11 to the difference obtained Rp. 342,856,956.89 or 6,172 % from the value of the contract, the implementation quality of existing jobs on Sabo Dam work has been largely in accordance with the technical specifications have been prepared. Deviations occur, the laying material (aggregates and sand) that is not clean, while the implementation of existing K3 is in conformity with the regulations to be referenced by the Contractor in the preparation of safety plan, only for the application to use the APD is not yet implemented. Keywords: project planning, sabo dams, check dams, waterworks

Effects of Inline Inspection Sizing Uncertainties on the Accuracy of the Largest Features and Corrosion Rate Statistics

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Huyse ◽  
Albert van Roodselaar
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Statistical Analysis Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Subsea Pipelines

With the increased acceptance of the use of probabilistic fitness-for-service methods, considerable effort has been dedicated to the estimation of the corrosion rate distribution parameters. The corrosion rate is typically computed from the difference in anomaly size over a specific time interval. The anomaly sizes are measured through either in-line inspection or direct assessment. Sizing accuracies for inline inspection methods are reasonably well established and in many cases the sizing uncertainty is non-negligible. In many approaches that are proposed in the literature the time-averaged corrosion rates are computed without explicitly considering the effect of the sizing uncertainties and as a result considerable interpretation and engineering judgment is required when estimating corrosion rates. This paper highlights some of the effects of the sizing uncertainties and the resulting biases that occur in the subsequent reliability calculations. These assessments are used to determine the most appropriate course of action: repair, replacement, or time of next inspection. The cost for repair or replacement of subsea pipelines is much higher than for onshore pipelines. For subsea applications, it is therefore paramount that the risk calculations, and therefore the corrosion rate estimates, be as accurate as possible. In subsea applications, the opportunity to repair individual defects is often limited due to practical constraints and there is merit in an approach that focuses on entire spools or pipeline segments. The proposed statistical analysis method is ideally suited to this application although the principles behind the analysis apply equally well to onshore lines subject to either internal or external corrosion threats.

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