scholarly journals Tuberculosis among Jimma University Undergraduate Students: First Insight about the Burden of Tuberculosis in Ethiopia Universities—Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Deneke Wolde ◽  
Mulualem Tadesse ◽  
Kedir Abdella ◽  
Gemeda Abebe ◽  
Solomon Ali
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Patient ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Indicator Tube ◽  
University Undergraduate Students ◽  
Jimma University

Background. Ethiopian universities are facilities where students live in relative overcrowding condition. This might favor the chance of tuberculosis transmission among students. This study was done to determine the magnitude and associated factors of tuberculosis among Jimma University students. Methods. A cross-sectional study was done from February 2015 to July 2015. Hundred twenty-nine consented participants were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Biological specimens were collected and cultured on Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex verification was done by SD BIOLINE TB Ag MPT64 Rapid test. Frequency distribution, logistic regression, and independent sample t-test were used to analyze the data using SPSS Version 20. Result. Magnitude of all forms of tuberculosis among Jimma University undergraduate students was 209.1 per 100000-student population. Contact history [AOR: 4.76, 95% CI (1.31–17.31)], smoking [AOR: 6.67, 95% CI (1.51–29.44)], khat chewing [AOR: 5.56, 95% CI (1.66–18.69)], and low body mass index [AOR: 5.37, 95% CI (1.46–19.78)] were determinants of tuberculosis. Conclusion. The magnitude of tuberculosis among Jimma University undergraduate students is high. TB is associated with previous tuberculosis patient contact and behavioral factors. Hence, students with these risk factors should be given enough attention for the control of TB in Jimma University.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Mental Distress and its Determinants Among Medical and Health Science Regular Undergraduate Students at Jimma University: Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyew Agenagnew Gebeyaw ◽  
Desalew Tilahun ◽  
Yonas Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Jimma University

Background: Mental distress is a group of mental problems manifested by symptoms of insomnia, fatigue, irritability, forgetfulness, difficulty in concentrating, and somatic complaints. University students have more severe mental health problems than the general population. Objectives: Therefore, this study attempted to assess the magnitude of mental distress and its determinants among medical and health science regular undergraduate students at Jimma University. Methods: A descriptive institutional-based with cross-sectional study design was conducted at Jimma University from March to April 2017 on regular undergraduate medical and health science students of the Faculty of Health Science. Study participants were selected from each batch using simple random sampling techniques and from the department by lottery method. Mental distress was assessed by using Self-Reporting questionnaire-20. Participants with score of eight and above on the Self-Reporting questionnaire-20 were considered as having mental distress. Chi-square and descriptive statistics were done using SPSS-20. Results: From a total of 369 study participants, about 354 gave the response rate of (95.9%). The magnitude of mental distress among medical and health science students was 35.03 %. Most of the respondents were males by sex and the mean age of the respondents was 23 years with SD ± 6. Age, sex, year of study, the practice of religion, presence of family history of mental illness, department choice, and ever use of substance (chat chewing and alcohol) were predictor variables and significantly associated with mental distress at P < 0.05. Conclusions: The magnitude of mental distress in our study was 35.03% and it needs intervention and addressing the mentioned factors significantly associated with mental distress.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

scholarly journals Impact of Sleep Disturbances on the Quality of Life Among Schizophrenic Out-patients of Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 684-691
Author(s):  
Aman Dule ◽  
Mustefa Mohammedhussein ◽  
Mohammedamin Hajure
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Jimma University

Aim: Current study was aimed to assess the impacts of sleep disturbances on patient’s quality of life. Background: Schizophrenia is a syndrome, which affects sleep. Up to 80% of schizophrenic patients complain of sleep disturbances which affect the quality of life Objectives: To assess the association of sleep disturbances and quality of life and other contributing factors among schizophrenic patients on follow-up treatment at Jimma University Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling of 411 out-patients at Jimma University medical center was employed from April 21-June 20, 2019. Sleep disturbances and the quality of life were assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index and WHOQOL-BREF, respectively. Epi data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23.0 software was used. Chi-square and independent samples t-test were used for association and P-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: Most participants had sleep disturbances and the mean score of positive scale on PANSS was higher for patients with sleep disturbances. About one-fourth of the patients had very good subjective sleep quality and > 85% of sleep efficiency was reported by 139 participants. More than half (51.1%) of the subjects had used sleep medication and the majority (64.7%) of them were reported daytime dysfunctions in the past month. The social domain (M±SD=3.92±2.51, t=8.46, p= <0.001, eta2=0.15) and overall WHOQOL (M±SD=57.60±16.87, t=9.24, p= < 0.001, eta2= 0.17) score had a large difference of means and about 15% and 17% of the variance in sleep disturbance have been explained. Conclusion: Generally, the finding of the current study was in agreement with most of the previous studies and sleep disturbances respectively moderate to significant effects on the patient’s quality of life.

scholarly journals Why I Am an Engineering Major: A Cross-Sectional Study of Undergraduate Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Nadelson ◽  
Dee Mooney ◽  
Janine Rush-Byers ◽  
Nathan Dean
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Isoniazid preventive therapy utilization rate and associated factors in adult HIV/AIDS patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital ART clinic, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudeta Imana Jaleta ◽  
Vinodhini Rajamanickam ◽  
Kifle Woldemichael
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Jimma University

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequent life-threatening infection and a common cause of death for people living with HIV (PLHIV). The influence of TB and HIV infection has enhanced the magnitude of both epidemics. Several clinical interventions recommended early diagnosis in PLHIV and treating latent TB infection (LTBI) with Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) along with antiretroviral therapy (ART). IPT is one of the key interventions recommended by the world health organization (WHO) for the prevention of TB in patients infected with HIV. Hence, this study aimed to determine IPT utilization rate among adult HIV infected patients enrolled in HIV care and qualitative analysis, which explore the factors that influence IPT use among PLHIV under follow-up, Health care providers (HCPs) and TB/HIV coordinators working in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) ART clinic. Methods: An Institution based mixed cross-sectional study was conducted in JUSH ART clinic. Adult HIV infected patients were enrolled by a systematic sampling technique from the registered medical records of JUSH HIV care. PLHIV who were on follow-up and eligible for IPT during the study period, permanent HCPs and TB/HIV coordinators working in ART clinic were included in the qualitative investigation using semi-structured questioners and in-depth interviews. All statistical analysis was compiled by Epi data 3.1 and SPSS 20. Results: Demographic and clinical factors are not significantly associated with IPT use but ethnicity (P≤ 0.02**) was highly significant with IPT use in logistic regression model. Overall, 59.2% of the patients have been prescribed and taken at least one-month course of IPT. The results of in-depth interviews are grouped into three core categories as patient perceptions, HCPs and TB/HIV coordinator perspectives. Discussion and conclusion: PLHIV, HCPs and TB/HIV coordinators suggested their overall response as periodic counseling for target groups, educating the benefits of IPT and increasing public awareness on TB prophylaxis in PLHIV will increase the acceptance and implementation of IPT in large scale. Higher attention should be provided in linking all HIV patients to the nearest health facilities for receiving free service packages and medical care. Key words: IPT, TB /HIV, PLHIV, ART, INH prophylaxis

scholarly journals Tooth Loss and Its Association With Frequency of Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Yemeni Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Shamala ◽  
Ebtesam Al-Maimooni ◽  
Salsbeel Al-Matari ◽  
Ryhana Hiyat ◽  
Mohammed Al-wesabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Backgrounds: The present study sought to assess tooth loss and oral hygiene practices among a sample of Yemeni women in association with giving births (parity).Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 644 Yemeni women. They were interviewed to gather socio-demographic (age, education, number of children) and behavioral data (oral hygiene practices, khat chewing and smoking). Additionally, they were examined clinically to assess number of tooth loss. Data were analyzed using SPSS with a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The participating women aged between 16 and 51 years. Only one fifth of the sample reported brushing their teeth regularly (i.e, at least once a day), and around 36.8% reported using dental aids occasionally. Additionally, 52% and 21% of the sample reported they were khat chewers and smokers, respectively. The mean number of tooth loss was 4.7. The mean number of children was 4.15, with approximately 54% of the participating women had more than 3 children. The results of the logistic regression revealed a significant association between number of children and tooth loss. Conclusion: Yemeni women had poor oral hygiene practices and high prevalence of tooth loss increased proportionally with the increased number of children. This emphasizes the importance of an effective oral hygiene motivation and health education among female patients during pregnancy periods.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases Among Yemen Population: a Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Al-kalisi ◽  
Manal Al-Hajri ◽  
Sarah Al-Rai
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: Undernutrition is an inadequate supply of energy and nutrients. Periodontal diseases (PDs) defined as a broad form of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gingiva, bone and ligaments supporting the teeth. This study aimed to reveal the effect of undernutrition, using body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level (Alb) on PDs and other risk factors as age, smoking and khat chewing. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the faculty of dentistry, Sana’a University. Of 1920 patients attended to clinics, only 229 matched the study criteria. Oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal clinical parameters measurements. BMI and Alb was measured. Statistical analysis was used to present the association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi square test and Fisher-Exact test. ANOVA was used to assess the differences in the mean values of the quantitative outcomes. Chi square test was used to evaluate the association between BMI and age, gender, occupation, education level, smoking, khat chewing as well as BMI with PDs. Results: Most of participants (58.5%) were males and most of the study sample (91.3%) was at the age group of (18-35). Among all subjects, (81.2%) of cases were diagnosed with gingivitis. (60.7%) of study participants were mildly undernourished according to BMI. (93%) of participants showed normal Alb level. Regarding to habits, only (18.2%) of patients were smokers and more than half of participants (59.4%) were khat chewers. Conclusion: There was a relationship between PDs and undernutrition which was obviously seen between gingivitis and mild undernutrition.

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