scholarly journals Decellularization Strategies for Regenerative Medicine: From Processing Techniques to Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gilpin ◽  
Yong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Functional Tissue ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Processing Techniques

As the gap between donors and patients in need of an organ transplant continues to widen, research in regenerative medicine seeks to provide alternative strategies for treatment. One of the most promising techniques for tissue and organ regeneration is decellularization, in which the extracellular matrix (ECM) is isolated from its native cells and genetic material in order to produce a natural scaffold. The ECM, which ideally retains its inherent structural, biochemical, and biomechanical cues, can then be recellularized to produce a functional tissue or organ. While decellularization can be accomplished using chemical and enzymatic, physical, or combinative methods, each strategy has both benefits and drawbacks. The focus of this review is to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in terms of their ability to retain desired ECM characteristics for particular tissues and organs. Additionally, a few applications of constructs engineered using decellularized cell sheets, tissues, and whole organs are discussed.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Application of Extracellular Matrix in Regenerative Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3262
Author(s):  
Neill J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Scaffold Material ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
The Many

The present Special Issue comprises a collection of articles addressing the many ways in which extracellular matrix (ECM), or its components parts, can be used in regenerative medicine applications. ECM is a dynamic structure, composed of a three-dimensional architecture of fibrous proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans, synthesized by the resident cells. Consequently, ECM can be considered as nature’s ideal biologic scaffold material. The articles in this Special Issue cover a range of topics from the use of ECM components to manufacture scaffold materials, understanding how changes in ECM composition can lead to the development of disease, and how decellularization techniques can be used to develop tissue-derived ECM scaffolds for whole organ regeneration and wound repair. This editorial briefly summarizes the most interesting aspects of these articles.

scholarly journals Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: Myth or Reality of the 21th Century

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Stoltz ◽  
N. de Isla ◽  
Y. P. Li ◽  
D. Bensoussan ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cardiac Insufficiency ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Fetal Stem Cells ◽  
Organ Regeneration

Since the 1960s and the therapeutic use of hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow origin, there has been an increasing interest in the study of undifferentiated progenitors that have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into various tissues. Stem cells (SC) with different potency can be isolated and characterised. Despite the promise of embryonic stem cells, in many cases, adult or even fetal stem cells provide a more interesting approach for clinical applications. It is undeniable that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow, adipose tissue, or Wharton’s Jelly are of potential interest for clinical applications in regenerative medicine because they are easily available without ethical problems for their uses. During the last 10 years, these multipotent cells have generated considerable interest and have particularly been shown to escape to allogeneic immune response and be capable of immunomodulatory activity. These properties may be of a great interest for regenerative medicine. Different clinical applications are under study (cardiac insufficiency, atherosclerosis, stroke, bone and cartilage deterioration, diabetes, urology, liver, ophthalmology, and organ’s reconstruction). This review focuses mainly on tissue and organ regeneration using SC and in particular MSC.

scholarly journals Development of novel apoptosis-assisted lung tissue decellularization methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Hye Song ◽  
Mark Maynes ◽  
Nora Hlavac ◽  
Daniel Visosevic ◽  
Kaitlyn Daramola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Disease Modeling

Decellularized tissues hold great potential for both regenerative medicine and disease modeling applications. The acellular extracellular matrix (ECM)-enriched scaffolds can be recellularized with patient-derived cells prior to transplantation, or digested...

Comparison of Hip Torque and Radial Forcing Effects on Locomotion Stability and Energetics

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuohua Shen ◽  
Peter Larson ◽  
Justin Seipel
Keyword(s):  
Inverted Pendulum ◽  
Legged Robots ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum

Hip torque and radial forcing along the leg are two common actuation methods for legged robots. However, hip torque and radial forcing have not been compared as potential alternative strategies of actuation. The respective advantages and disadvantages of hip torque and radial forcing are not well known. In this paper, we compare hip torque and radial forcing actuation through the simulation of two models: a Rotary-forced Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum and a Radially Forced Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum. Both actuation methods can produce fully asymptotically stable locomotion. Interestingly, it is found that they improve locomotion stability in different ways: hip torque first destabilizes locomotion when initially introduced but greatly stabilizes locomotion when it keeps increasing; radial forcing always stabilizes locomotion, but in a moderate way.

scholarly journals Precancerous niche (PCN), a product of fibrosis with remodeling by incessant chronic inflammation

4open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn L.D.M. Brücher ◽  
Ijaz S. Jamall
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Complex Signaling ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Multiple Signaling ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Fibroblasts are actively involved in the creation of the stroma and the extracellular matrix which are important for cell adhesion, cell–cell communication, and tissue metabolism. The role of fibrosis in carcinogenesis can be examined by analogy to tissues of various cancers. The orchestration of letters in the interplay of manifold components with signaling and crosstalk is incompletely understood but available evidence suggests a hitherto underappreciated role for fibrosis in carcinogenesis. Complex signaling and crosstalk by pathogenic stimuli evoke persistent subclinical inflammation, which in turn, results in a cascade of different cell types, ubiquitous proteins and their corresponding enzymes, cytokine releases, and multiple signaling pathways promoting the onset of fibrosis. There is considerable evidence that the body's attempt to resolve such a modified extracellular environment leads to further disruption of homeostasis and the genesis of the precancerous niche as part of the six-step process that describes carcinogenesis. The precancerous niche is formed and can be understood to develop as a result of (1) pathogenic stimulus, (2) chronic inflammation, and (3) fibrosis with alterations of the extracellular matrix, stromal rigidity, and mechano-transduction. This is why carcinogenesis is not just a process of aberrant cell growth with damaged genetic material but the role of the PCN in its entirety reveals how carcinogenesis can occur without invoking the need for somatic mutations.

Cartilage Scales Embedded in Fibrin Gel

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Kovacevic ◽  
Frank Riedel ◽  
Jochen Wurm ◽  
Gregor Bran
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Fibrin Gel ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dorsal Nasal Augmentation ◽  
Diced Cartilage ◽  
Nasal Augmentation

Multiple techniques have been described for dorsal nasal augmentation in rhinoplasty. In this article, we review common surgical techniques for raising the dorsum or eliminating dorsal irregularities, by highlighting inherent advantages and disadvantages of each method. Within the past few years, the use of diced cartilage grafts has become the workhorse in this field of interest. To overcome drawbacks of methods based on diced cartilage, we present a new concept for autologous augmentation, using regenerative medicine protocols. A mix of cartilage scales with cartilage pâté was embedded in platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Since December 2015, a total of 48 patients were treated with this technique. Based on our preliminary results, cartilage scales in PRF appear to be a promising and reliable alternative to existing procedures for dorsal nasal augmentation.

Comparative analysis of the skin decellularization methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Olga Macagonova ◽  
◽  
Doina Risnic ◽  
Adrian Cociug ◽  
Viorel Nacu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Freeze And Thaw ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Google Search

Background: The extracellular matrix plays an important role in the promoting the tissue regeneration and repair. Decellularization or removal of the cells from the complex mixture of the structural and functional proteins that constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM) can be done by the physical (agitation, sonication, freeze and thaw), chemical (alkaline orchids, ionic detergents, nonionic, tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP), hypotonic or hypertonic treatments, chelating agents), and enzymatic methods (trypsin or protease inhibitors). However, complications associated with the use of the decellularized skin have been reported, which are widespread and poorly understood. In this synthesis have been included publications, identified by the Google Search engine, National Bibliometric Tool (NBT), Pub Med databases, Web of Science, Springer, Elsevier, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct and Biosience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry. The results of the decellularization were reported in terms of the number of cells remaining in the collagen fibers depending on the duration of exposure to chemical agents. Conclusions: The natural matrix is more widely used than synthetic material, because it has the natural structure and composition of the ECM, it naturally stimulates cell development and allows the incorporation of the growth factors and other proteins increasing cell proliferation.The assessment of the quality of decellularization techniques is done by evaluating the necrosis of the extracellulare matrix, the depletion of the collagen fibers and the remaining amount of genetic material.

Parallel Data Reduction Techniques for Big Datasets

2013 ◽  
pp. 72-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Artu Yıldırım ◽  
Cem Özdoğan ◽  
Dan Watson
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Server Side ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Parallel Data ◽  
Processing Techniques

Data reduction is perhaps the most critical component in retrieving information from big data (i.e., petascale-sized data) in many data-mining processes. The central issue of these data reduction techniques is to save time and bandwidth in enabling the user to deal with larger datasets even in minimal resource environments, such as in desktop or small cluster systems. In this chapter, the authors examine the motivations behind why these reduction techniques are important in the analysis of big datasets. Then they present several basic reduction techniques in detail, stressing the advantages and disadvantages of each. The authors also consider signal processing techniques for mining big data by the use of discrete wavelet transformation and server-side data reduction techniques. Lastly, they include a general discussion on parallel algorithms for data reduction, with special emphasis given to parallel wavelet-based multi-resolution data reduction techniques on distributed memory systems using MPI and shared memory architectures on GPUs along with a demonstration of the improvement of performance and scalability for one case study.

Validation System of Tissue-Engineered Epithelial Cell Sheets for Corneal Regenerative Medicine

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuhei Hayashi ◽  
Masayuki Yamato ◽  
Hiroshi Takayanagi ◽  
Yoshinori Oie ◽  
Akira Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Sheets
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