scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi as Pretreatment to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Olive Tree Pruning

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Martín-Sampedro ◽  
Juan Carlos López-Linares ◽  
Úrsula Fillat ◽  
Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo ◽  
David Ibarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Wood Decomposition ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Fungal Pretreatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Tree Pruning ◽  
Mild Acid

Olive tree pruning, as one of the most abundant lignocellulosic residues in Mediterranean countries, has been evaluated as a source of sugars for fuel and chemicals production. A mild acid pretreatment has been combined with a fungal pretreatment using either two endophytes (Ulocladium sp. and Hormonema sp.) or a saprophyte (Trametes sp. I-62). The use of endophytes is based on the important role that some of them play during the initial stages of wood decomposition. Without acid treatment, fungal pretreatment with Ulocladium sp. provided a nonsignificant enhancement of 4.6% in glucose digestibility, compared to control. When a mild acid hydrolysis was carried out after fungal pretreatments, significant increases in glucose digestibility from 4.9% to 12.0% (compared to control without fungi) were observed for all fungal pretreatments, with maximum values yielded by Hormonema sp. However, despite the observed digestibility boost, the total sugar yields (taking into account solid yield) were not significantly increased by the pretreatments. Nevertheless, based on these preliminary improvements in digestibility, this work proves the potential of endophytic fungi to boost the production of sugar from olive tree pruning, which would add an extra value to the bioeconomy of olive crops.

Organosolv pretreatment of olive tree biomass for fermentable sugars

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel J. Díaz ◽  
Wouter J.J. Huijgen ◽  
Ron R. van der Laan ◽  
Johannes H. Reith ◽  
Cristóbal Cara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Organosolv Pretreatment ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Tree Pruning

Abstract Olive tree pruning biomass is one of the main agricultural residues available in Mediterranean countries and is currently lacking commercial applications. To take advantage of its sugar content, a pretreatment is necessary to enhance enzyme accessibility of the cellulose fraction of the residue. This paper describes for the first time the use of organosolv pretreatment in this regard. The main process variables such as pretreatment temperature, residence time, and solvent composition (aqueous ethanol) are studied. Results show that organosolv pretreatment causes delignification and hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and improves the enzymatic digestibility of olive tree pruning biomass. A higher pretreatment severity and ethanol content of the solvent were found to increase delignification (up to 64% at 66% w/w aqueous ethanol, 210°C, 60 min). By contrast, xylan hydrolysis was promoted by a lower ethanol content (maximum 92%). The highest enzymatic hydrolysis yield (90% of the structural glucan present in the raw material) has been obtained after pretreatment with 43% w/w aqueous ethanol at 210°C for 15 min. Organosolv pretreatment was found to be the most effective pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of olive tree pruning biomass.

scholarly journals Studies of the polysaccharide fraction from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas alcaligenes

1974 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Lomax ◽  
George W. Gray ◽  
Stephen G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Pseudomonas Alcaligenes ◽  
Crude Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Mild Acid

Studies of the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas alcaligenes strain BR 1/2 were extended to the polysaccharide moiety. The crude polysaccharide, obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide, was fractionated by gel filtration. The major fraction was the phosphorylated polysaccharide, for which the approximate proportions of residues were; glucose (2), rhamnose (0.7), heptose (2–3), galactosamine (1), alanine (1), 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid (1), phosphorus (5–6). The heptose was l-glycero-d-manno-heptose. The minor fractions from gel filtration contained free 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid, Pi and PPi. The purified polysaccharide was studied by periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and dephosphorylation. All the rhamnose and part of the glucose and heptose occur as non-reducing terminal residues. Other glucose residues are 3-substituted, and most heptose residues are esterified with condensed phosphate residues, possibly in the C-4 position. Free heptose and a heptosylglucose were isolated from a partial hydrolysate of the polysaccharide. The location of galactosamine in the polysaccharide was not established, but either the C-3 or C-4 position appears to be substituted and a linkage to alanine was indicated. In its composition, the polysaccharide from Ps. alcaligenes resembles core polysaccharides from other pseudomonads: no possible side-chain polysaccharide was detected.

Sequential Enzymatic and Mild-Acid Hydrolysis of By-Product of Carrageenan Process from Kappaphycus alvarezii

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Roberto Paz-Cedeno ◽  
Eddyn Gabriel Solórzano-Chávez ◽  
Levi Ezequiel de Oliveira ◽  
Valéria Cress Gelli ◽  
Rubens Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Mild Acid

scholarly journals IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON BLOOD GROUPS

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ten Feizi ◽  
Elvin A. Kabat ◽  
Giuseppe Vicari ◽  
Byron Anderson ◽  
W. Laurence Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Group B ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
Mild Acid

A partially purified blood group-like substance obtained from milk showed I activity with 2 of 21 anti-I sera. With these antisera, certain human ovarian cyst substances considered to be precursors of the A, B, H, Lea, and Leb substances also showed I activity comparable to the milk material. Strong I activity could be produced by one-stage periodate oxidation and Smith degradation of human ovarian cyst A and B substances, or of hog mucin A + H substance, or by mild acid hydrolysis of human saliva or ovarian cyst blood group B substance. The two sera indicate that I specificity appears at intermediate stages in the biosynthesis of the A, B, H, Lea, and Lea substances. Anti-I sera differ strikingly in their specificities, indicating substantial heterogeneity of the I determinants.

The Synthesis of Trisubstituted Enol Ethers and of Methyl Ketones from Ketones

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Caron ◽  
Jean Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydroxy Acid ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Acid Salt ◽  
Methyl Ketones ◽  
Enol Ether ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Enol Ethers ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Mild Acid

A reliable method for the synthesis of trisubstituted enol ethers (and of the corresponding methyl ketones) is described involving the condensation of the α-lithiated 2-methoxypropionic acid salt with a ketone to give a β-hydroxy acid, the cyclization to a β-lactone which is then decarboxylated (and mild acid hydrolysis of the enol ether).

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