scholarly journals Effect of Sugar versus Mixed Breakfast on Metabolic and Neurofunctional Responses in Healthy Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Codella ◽  
Stefano Benedini ◽  
Stefano Paini ◽  
Andrea Caumo ◽  
Michela Adamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Insulinemic Response ◽  
Plasma Ghrelin Concentration

We investigated the effects of glucose and diverse breakfasts on glucose increment and ghrelin suppression and cognitive processing of sensory information assessed by frontal P300 evoked potentials. In a randomized crossover design, 12 healthy individuals (6M/6F; BMI 22.2 ± 0.4 kg/m2; 27 ± 1.3 years, mean ± SEM) underwent 50 g OGTT (A) and 3 breakfasts (B1: milk and cereals; B2: milk, apple, and chocolate cream-filled sponge cake; B3: milk, apple, bread, and hazelnut chocolate cream) to assess plasma glucose-, insulin-, and ghrelin excursions. An electroencephalography was performed before and 100 min after consumption of each load to measure the latency of frontal P300 evoked potentials as index of cognitive performance. Breakfasts B1 and B2 exhibited significantly lower glycemic and insulinemic responses as compared to A. Breakfast B3 exhibited significantly lower glycemic, but not insulinemic response, as compared to A. Final plasma ghrelin inhibition was more pronounced, albeit not significantly, in all breakfasts with respect to A. P300 latency tended to decrease following each of the three breakfasts, but B3 was the only breakfast capable to elicit a statistically significant reduction in P300 latency with respect to A (p<0.01), suggesting ameliorated cognitive performance. Such amelioration was correlated with the 2-hour final inhibition of plasma ghrelin concentration (r=0.61,p=0.01).

Neurophysiological disturbances of cognitive processing in Alzheimer and multi-infarct dementia. An evoked potential study

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
E.J. Colon
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Brain

SummaryDisturbances in information processing can be established by means of evoked potentials (EP). Sensory information is transported over the white myelinated fibers towards the brain. Classification and storage will take place in the cortical grey. This kind of information processing can be made visible by means of EP's.In 9 patients with dementia. Alzheimer's type and 7 patients with multi-infarct dementia a delay in information processing has been established by means of EP's. In multi-infarct dementia also a delay in short latency components was determined. The generators of various parts of the information processing in the cerebral cortex have been delayed and distorted. We speculate that, beside loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex, an alteration in cortical glial cells might be the cause of some disturbances in patients with dementia.

Towards the Affective Cognition Approach to Human Performance in Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-534
Author(s):  
Nicola Mammarella
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Dynamic Relation ◽  
Interesting Pattern

INTRODUCTION: In recent decades, there has been investigation into the effects of microgravity and microgravity-like environments on cognition and emotion separately. Here we highlight the need of focusing on emotion-cognition interactions as a framework for explaining cognitive performance in space. In particular, by referring to the affective cognition hypothesis, the significant interplay between emotional variables and cognitive processing in space is briefly analyzed. Altogether, this approach shows an interesting pattern of data pointing to a dynamic relation that may be sensitive to microgravity. The importance of examining interactions between emotion and cognition for space performance remains fundamental (e.g., stress-related disorders) and deserves further attention. This approach is ultimately interesting considering the potential effects that microgravity may play on human performance during long-term space missions and on return to Earth.Mammarella N. Towards the affective cognition approach to human performance in space. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(6):532–534.

scholarly journals O11.4. INTERACTOME OVERLAP BETWEEN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND COGNITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S28-S28
Author(s):  
Elise Koch ◽  
Brin Rosenthale ◽  
Anders Lundquist ◽  
Chi-Hua Chen ◽  
Karolina Kauppi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Interactome Network ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Network Space

Abstract Background Cognitive impairments constitute a core feature of schizophrenia, and a genetic overlap between schizophrenia and cognitive functioning in healthy individuals has been identified. However, due to the high polygenicity and complex genetic architecture of both traits, overlapping biological pathways have not yet been identified between schizophrenia and normal cognitive ability. Network medicine offers a framework to study biologically meaningful gene networks through protein-protein interactions among risk genes. Here, established network-based methods were used to further reveal the biological relatedness of schizophrenia and cognition. Methods The protein interactome was used to examine the genetic link between schizophrenia risk genes and genes associated with cognitive performance in healthy individuals. First, we used a method called network separation to examine if there is an overlap between schizophrenia and cognition in the interactome network space. Then, we used network propagation analyses to identify schizophrenia risk genes that are close to cognition-associated genes in the interactome network space. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis was performed to describe the function of this gene set. Results Network separation analyses showed a profound interactome overlap between schizophrenia risk genes and genes associated with cognitive performance (SAB = -0.22, z-score = -6.80, p = 5.38e-12). We identified 140 schizophrenia risk genes that are close to cognition-associated genes in the interactome. Risk genes close to cognition were enriched for pathways including long-term potentiation and Alzheimer’s disease, and included genes with a role in neurotransmitter systems implemented in cognition, such as glutamate and dopamine, that were not part of the direct genetic overlap. Moreover, schizophrenia risk genes close to cognition included 45 druggable genes not yet used as drug targets. Discussion These results pinpoint schizophrenia risk genes of particular interest for further examination in schizophrenia patient groups to reveal the genetic architecture of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia, of which some are druggable genes with potential as candidate targets for cognitive enhancing drugs.

The effect of interval versus continuous exercise on plasma leptin and ghrelin concentration in young trotters

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kowalik ◽  
W. Kędzierski
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Continuous Exercise ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Plasma Ghrelin Concentration

The effect of interval versus continuous exercise on plasma leptin and ghrelin concentration in young trottersThe effect of interval vs. continuous exercise on plasma leptin and ghrelin concentration in young Standardbred horses was studied. The experiment was conducted on 27 trotters, in the age between 2 and 3 years. They were divided into two groups according to the type of exercise. Blood samples were collected through jugular venipuncture in the following experimental conditions: at rest, immediately after exercise and 30 minutes after the end of the effort. Plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations were determined using RIA tests. The continuous exercise induced an increase in plasma leptin concentration whereas the interval type of exercise did not influence the level of this hormone (3.47 ± 0.78 vs. 4.07 ± 0.94 and 2.31 ± 0.15 vs. 2.36 ± 0.21 ng/mL, respectively). The plasma ghrelin concentration measured after the continuous exercise, significantly increased (720 ± 27.4 vs. 814 ± 13.8; p ≤ 0.05) whereas concentration of this hormone assessed after the interval exercise, significantly dropped (982 ± 56.5 vs. 842 ± 35.6 pg/mL; p ≤ 0.05). The changes in plasma ghrelin concentration measured after the end of the effort correlated inversely with blood lactic acid concentration. In conclusion, the obtained results showed that medium-intensive type of exercise, such as trot, interval or continuous, slightly affected plasma leptin level but significantly affected plasma ghrelin concentration in young Standardbred trotters.

EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE OF HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. P564-P565
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides ◽  
Mireia Gascón ◽  
Nina Gramunt ◽  
Xavier Gotsens ◽  
Karine Fauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Healthy Individuals

Effects of a 20-Min Nap Post Normal and Jet Lag Conditions on P300 Components in Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (07) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Petit ◽  
Hubert Bourdin ◽  
Grégory Tio ◽  
Omer Yenil ◽  
Emmanuel Haffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Stimulus Classification

AbstractPost-lunch sleepiness belongs to biological rhythms. Athletes take a nap to counteract afternoon circadian nadir, in prevision of disturbed sleep. This study examined the effects of brief post-lunch nap on vigilance in young and healthy athletes. The P300 components, physiological and cognitive performances were assessed either after nap or rest, following a night of normal sleep (NSC) or simulated jet lag condition (5-h advance-JLC). P300 wave is the positive deflection at about 300 ms in response to a rare stimulus, representing higher information processing. P300 amplitude reflects the amount of attention allocated whereas P300 latency reflects time spent on stimulus classification. P300 amplitude was significantly increased (Fz:11.14±3.0vs9.05±3.2 µV; p<0.05) and P300 latency was shorter (Pz:327.16±18.0vs344.90±17.0 ms; p<0.01) after nap in NSC. These changes were accompanied by lower subjective sleepiness (19.7±9.6vs27.5±16.5; p<0.05) and decrease in mean reaction times (MRT: divided attention, 645.1±74.2vs698±80.4 ms; p<0.05). In contrast, in JLC, only P300 amplitudes (Fz:10.30±3.1vs7.54±3.3 µV; p<0.01 and Cz: 11.48±3.1vs9.77±3.6 µV; p<0.05) increased but P300 latencies or MRT did not improve. These results indicated improvements in speed of stimulus evaluation time. Napping positively impacts on cognitive processing, especially when subjects are on normal sleep schedules. A nap should be planned for athletes whose performance requires speedy and accurate decisions.

Regular Physical Activity Influences Plasma Ghrelin Concentration in Adolescent Girls

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1736-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAAK JÜRIMÄE ◽  
ANTONIO CICCHELLA ◽  
TOIVO JÜRIMÄE ◽  
EVELIN LÄTT ◽  
KAJA HALJASTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Ghrelin Concentration

scholarly journals Is cognitive processing affected in adults with hypospadias?: P300 study

Open Medicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Tekeli ◽  
Hasan Koçoğlu ◽  
Cabir Alan ◽  
Mustafa Emir Tavşanlı ◽  
Halit Yaşar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractBackground: Hypospadias is a common urogenital system disorder. The frenulum, which is the most sensitive area of the glans penis, is not present in patients with hypospadias. This may lead to a failure in sexual and ejaculatory function, and cause emotional problems affecting cognitive processes.Aim: We aimed to study auditory Event Related Potentials (ERP) in patients with hypospadias to understand the status of cognitive function.Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with hypospadias who presented to the Urology Outpatient Clinic of Çanakkale Military Hospital, and 11 healthy individuals of similar age were chosen. The auditory oddball paradigm with ERP from the Cz and Fz head regions were studied. The latency and amplitude of the P300 wave were measured.Results: Both, the study and control groups consisted of young males. Although the study group had a longer P300 latency and lower P300 amplitude when compared to control group, the results were not statistically significant (p: 0.059 and 0.346 respectively).Conclusion: Although the results are not statistically significant, our findings indicate that there may be cognitive changes in patients with hypospadias. Further studies of larger sample size and older patient cohorts are needed.

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