scholarly journals Assessment of the Efficacy of Home Remedial Methods to Improve Drinking Water Quality in Two Major Aquifer Systems in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka

Scientifica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini Wijeyaratne ◽  
Suvendran Subanky
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Leaf Powder

Chunnakam and Vadamaradchi are two major aquifer systems in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka. This study was performed to compare water quality in the domestic wells in these aquifers and to assess the efficacy of household water treatments for treating contaminated water. Replicate well water samples were collected from each aquifer and pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, temperature, total solids (TS), total hardness (TH), chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and grease (OG), nitrate N (N), and total phosphate (TP) were measured. The sampled water from the domestic wells was filtered through commercial mineral filter andMoringa oleiferaleaf powder and boiled at 100°C for 10 minutes and the TH, OG, N, and TP were measured. Both OG and N in Chunnakam were significantly higher and the DO were significantly lower than those of Vadamaradchi. TH, N, and OG of some wells exceeded the drinking water quality standards established by Sri Lanka Standards Institution.Moringa oleiferaleaf powder filtration reduced N significantly and filtering through commercial mineral filter reduced OG, TH, and N significantly. Boiling at 100°C could remove TH significantly but may cause significant increase in N which might result in health impacts.

scholarly journals Long-Term Drinking Water Quality Assessment Using Index and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Three Water Treatment Plants of Erbil City, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Hayder Mohammed Issa ◽  
Reem Ahmed Alrwai
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Safe source of drinking water is always considered as an essential factor in water supply for cities and urban areas. As a part of this issue, drinking water quality is monitored via a useful scheme: developing drinking water quality index DWQI. DWQI is preferably used as it summarizes the whole physicochemical and bacteriological properties of a drinking water sample into a single and simple term. In this study, an evaluation was made for three drinking water treatment plants DWTPs named: Efraz 1, Efraz 2 and Efraz 3 that supply drinking water to Erbil City. The assessment was made by testing thirteen physicochemical and two bacteriological parameters during a long period of (2003 – 2017). It has been found that turbidity, electrical conductivity EC, total alkalinity, total hardness, total coliform and fecal coliform have more influence on drinking water quality. DWQI results showed that the quality of drinking water supplied by the three DWTPs in Erbil City fallen within good level. Except various occasional periods where the quality was varying from good to fair. The quality of the drinking water supply never reached the level of marginal or poor over the time investigated. The applied hierarchical clustering analysis HCA classifies the drinking water dataset into three major clusters, reflecting diverse sources of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameter: natural, agriculture and urban discharges.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Quality on Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Aetiology (CKDu) in Ulagalla Cascade, Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. S. Wanasinghe ◽  
M. H. J. P. Gunarathna ◽  
H. M. P. I. K. Herath ◽  
G. Y. Jayasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Unknown Aetiology

scholarly journals Impact of water quality on Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Thunukkai Division in Mullaitivu District, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaivani Gobalarajah ◽  
Subramaniam Prabagar ◽  
Uthpala Jayawardena ◽  
Rasiah Gobalarajah ◽  
Subramaniam Rajendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Abstract BackgroundIncrease in the number of cases in Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka has become an environmental health issue of national concern. Even though, Northern Province is not identified as a high risk province, there is an increasing trend of CKDu after the end of civil war in the Northern territory.MethodsThe present study was conducted in Thunukkai Division in Mullaitivu District to investigate the socio demographic and clinical pattern of CKDu patients and to evaluate the quality of their water sources. The samples were selected by using stratified purposive random sampling method which represented 29% of total CKDu patients in Thunukkai Division. Pretested structured questionnaire was administrated to collect the data from CKDu patients.ResultsAmong the patients, 80% of them were male with an age range of 30-80, majority (88%) involved in farming. 26% and 20% of people were engaged in smoking and taking alcohol, respectively. 17% and 43% were suffered with diabetes and hypertension, respectively. Physicochemical characteristics of more than 50% of the water samples recorded higher electric conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, total hardness and Na levels compared to drinking water standards in Sri Lanka.ConclusionsThe association between serum creatine excreted by CKDu patients and water quality parameters were determined by using regression model, revealing a significant negative relationship with phosphate and positive relationship with Total Dissolved Solid and arsenic content of the drinking water. Thus, the study suggests, total dissolved solid and arsenic in drinking water have a positive correlation with CKDu in Thunukkai region in the Mullaitivu District.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Assessment of Drinking Water Quality in the Urban Area of Zamora, Mexico

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Alejandra Reyes-Toscano ◽  
Ruth Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva ◽  
Raúl Cortés-Martínez ◽  
Ofelia Morton-Bermea ◽  
Elizabeth Hernández-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
International Regulations

This work assessed the groundwater hydrogeochemistry and the drinking water quality of 10 wells supplying the urban area of Zamora, Michoacán, Mexico. Two sampling campaigns were conducted in May 2018 (dry season) and November 2018 (wet season) to describe the chemistry of the water and its interaction with the rock. Physical and chemical constituents (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, color, turbidity, solids, total hardness, total alkalinity, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands), major components (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO42−, PO43−, HCO3−, CO32−, Cl−, N-NO3−, and N-NH3), as well as trace elements (As, Fe, Mn, Ba, Al, Sb, Co, V, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Tl, Pb) were analyzed. Results showed groundwater with a slight tendency to alkalinity. The hydrogeochemical facies observed are Ca2+-HCO3− in all sites. Hydrochemical diagrams indicate immature, cold, non-saline, and uncontaminated water with short residence time. Water–rock interaction predominates. The water in the study area is appropriate for drinking use according to Mexican and international regulations with an excellent quality in 7 wells and good in the other 3.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality assessment near a Nigerian dumpsite

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-596
Author(s):  
O.A. Mokuolu ◽  
S.O. Jacob ◽  
A.M. Ayanshola
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Groundwater Assessment

Municipal solid waste collected in Nigeria are often disposed of in uncontrolled dumpsites and/or burnt in the open spaces and consequently causing significant pollution on surface water, ground water and the air. An investigational study was carried out on the level of pollution on groundwater near Gbagede dumpsite in Kwara state. Ground water samples, GW1, GW2, GW3 were taken at three different locations: 186 m, 290 m, and 326 m from the edge of the dumpsite. Physicochemical parameters evaluated include; pH, total hardness, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, alkalinity, turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate ion, Chloride ion, Sulphate ion, Electrical conductivity, Calcium ion and Magnesium ion using standard laboratory procedures. The results of the evaluations were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) to establish its suitability for human consumption. Results fell within the stipulated range of WHO and NSDWQ standard for drinking water. It was however observed that the water quality improves with distance from the dumpsite. Statistical analyses indicated mild differences among all the parameters tested for in the samples at 95% confidence level. Uncontrolled accumulation of leachates from the dumpsite may pose potential risk to the source of water for the community in the near future. It was recommended that the dumpsite be relocated from the current residential area.Key Words: Groundwater, Assessment, Contaminants, Solid-waste, Water quality

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality in Sidi Slimane, Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (25) ◽  
pp. 200309
Author(s):  
Nabil Darwesh ◽  
Ramzy S.M. Naser ◽  
Mohammed Al-Qawati ◽  
Shaker Raweh ◽  
Khadija El Kharrim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Background. Groundwater is an important source of drinking water for human and animal populations and therefore should be protected from pollution. The study area, Sidi Slimane, is in the western region of Morocco, which is a highly important agricultural area. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking in the Sidi Slimane region. Methods. Twenty (20) samples were collected from different locations in the study area in 2015 in order to evaluate the quality of groundwater for human consumption. Collection, transportation and analysis of samples were performed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater of the American Public Health Association (APHA), 2017. The major ions (cations and anions), ammonium (NH4+), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the groundwater samples were analyzed. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH) parameters were calculated on the basis of obtained chemical data. ArcGIS program (version 10.4.1) was used in the preparation of topographic and hydrological maps of the study area. Results. Groundwater showed high concentrations of most parameters of drinking water quality according to Moroccan and international standards. Groundwater was brackish and very hard. The results showed that sodium and chloride ions were the predominant ions. Salinity was present at low depths. The majority of groundwater samples in the study area (18 out of 20) were sodium chloride type, and only 2 samples were mixed calcium-magnesiumchlorine type. Discussion. The obtained results were compared with the Moroccan standards for drinking water. The results show that 100%, 75%, 70%, 70%, 65% and 55% of groundwater samples exceeded the permissible limits for drinking water quality according to the Moroccan standard with regard to sodium, calcium, TDS, EC, chlorine, and nitrate, respectively. Conclusions. Most of the groundwater samples in the study area showed poor drinking water quality. Groundwater quality must be protected by controlling the use of pesticides, fertilizers, manure, and harmful irrigation practices. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

scholarly journals Impact of water quality on Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Thunukkai Division in Mullaitivu District, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaivani Gobalarajah ◽  
Subramaniam Prabagar ◽  
Uthpala Jayawardena ◽  
Rasiah Gobalarajah ◽  
Subramaniam Rajendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Abstract Background Increase in the number of cases in Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka has become an environmental health issue of national concern. Even though, Northern Province is not identified as a high risk province, there is an increasing trend of CKDu after the end of civil war in the Northern territory. Methods The present study was conducted in Thunukkai Division in Mullaitivu District to investigate the socio demographic and clinical pattern of CKDu patients and to evaluate the quality of their water sources. The samples were selected by using stratified purposive random sampling method which represented 29% of total CKDu patients in Thunukkai Division. Pretested structured questionnaire was administrated to collect the data from CKDu patients. Results Among the patients, 80% of them were male with an age range of 30-80, majority (88%) involved in farming. 26% and 20% of people were engaged in smoking and taking alcohol, respectively. 17% and 43% were suffered with diabetes and hypertension, respectively. Physicochemical characteristics of more than 50% of the water samples recorded higher electric conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, total hardness and Na levels compared to drinking water standards in Sri Lanka. Conclusions The association between serum creatine excreted by CKDu patients and water quality parameters were determined by using regression model, revealing a significant negative relationship with phosphate and positive relationship with Total Dissolved Solid and arsenic content of the drinking water. Thus, the study suggests, total dissolved solid and arsenic in drinking water have a positive correlation with CKDu in Thunukkai region in the Mullaitivu District.

scholarly journals DESMIDS BIODIVERSITY IN FRESHWATER PONDS OF DISTRICT NAGAUR, WESTERN RAJASTHAN INDIA: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Choudhary ◽  
◽  
Moolchand Mali ◽  
Ranveer Singh ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Freshwater Ponds ◽  
High Calcium

The present study was carried out to investigate the desmids biodiversity in traditional freshwater reservoirs of Nagaur district, Western Rajasthan, India. The samples were collected in January 2021 from the freshwater small ponds which harvests rainwater located in and around Nagaur city. These samples were analyzed by following the standard method prescribed by A.P.H.A for assessing the various physicochemical parameters such as pH, TDS, Fluoride, Nitrate, Chloride, total alkalinity, and total hardness to check drinking water quality and for ecological assessment. Furthermore desmids species-level identification and description have been done with the help of standard literatures and monographs. Results of physicochemical parameters indicate the deteriorating drinking water quality of all four sampling sites. In the present study total of 16 species belong to 5 genera i.e. Netrium, Closterium, Cosmerium, Staurastrum, and Eustrum of desmids have been recorded for the first time from the freshwater ponds located in or around the Nagaur city. The higher biodiversity of Closterium and Cosmarium species at Jhada talab confirm its significant relationship with high calcium and nutrient-rich water quality. While low biodiversity of desmids at remaining all village ponds indicates that high pH and oligotrophic quality decreases the desmids biodiversity. Results of this study might be helpful to assess the geographic distribution of desmids flora of Nagaur district and establish water quality of protected freshwater habitats as well as in updating the list of current species of desmids in this sub-region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document