scholarly journals Natural Bioactive Compounds: Alternative Approach to the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilas Desai ◽  
Alok Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Current Standard

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent, primary malignant brain tumor prevalent in humans. GBM characteristically exhibits aggressive cell proliferation and rapid invasion of normal brain tissue resulting in poor patient prognosis. The current standard of care of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide is not very effective. The inefficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents may be attributed to the challenges in drug delivery to the tumor. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the chemopreventive role of natural, dietary compounds in the development and progression of cancer. Many of these studies have reported the potential of using natural compounds in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a novel approach for the effective treatment of cancer. In this paper, we review the role of several natural compounds individually and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of GBM. We also assess the potential of drug delivery approaches such as the Gliadel wafers and role of nanomaterial based drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of GBM.

scholarly journals Current Perspective on the Natural Compounds and Drug Delivery Techniques in Glioblastoma Multiforme

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2765
Author(s):  
Tapan Behl ◽  
Aditi Sharma ◽  
Lalit Sharma ◽  
Aayush Sehgal ◽  
Sukhbir Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Delivery Techniques

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the debilitating brain tumors, being associated with extremely poor prognosis and short median patient survival. GBM is associated with complex pathogenesis with alterations in various cellular signaling events, that participate in cell proliferation and survival. The impairment in cellular redox pathways leads to tumorigenesis. The current standard pharmacological regimen available for glioblastomas, such as radiotherapy and surgical resection following treatment with chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide, remains fatal, due to drug resistance, metastasis and tumor recurrence. Thus, the demand for an effective therapeutic strategy for GBM remains elusive. Hopefully, novel products from natural compounds are suggested as possible solutions. They protect glial cells by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting pro-oncogene events and intensifying the potent anti-tumor therapies. Targeting aberrant cellular pathways in the amelioration of GBM could promote the development of new therapeutic options that improve patient quality of life and extend survival. Consequently, our review emphasizes several natural compounds in GBM treatment. We also assessed the potential of drug delivery techniques such as nanoparticles, Gliadel wafers and drug delivery using cellular carriers which could lead to a novel path for the obliteration of GBM.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology and Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery as the Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma Multiforme: An Update

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Jen-Fu Hsu ◽  
Shih-Ming Chu ◽  
Chen-Chu Liao ◽  
Chao-Jan Wang ◽  
Yi-Shan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Current Standard Treatment

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. The heterogeneous and aggressive nature of GBMs increases the difficulty of current standard treatment. The presence of GBM stem cells and the blood brain barrier (BBB) further contribute to the most important compromise of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Current suggestions to optimize GBM patients’ outcomes favor controlled targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to GBM cells through the BBB using nanoparticles and monoclonal antibodies. Nanotechnology and nanocarrier-based drug delivery have recently gained attention due to the characteristics of biosafety, sustained drug release, increased solubility, and enhanced drug bioactivity and BBB penetrability. In this review, we focused on recently developed nanoparticles and emerging strategies using nanocarriers for the treatment of GBMs. Current studies using nanoparticles or nanocarrier-based drug delivery system for treatment of GBMs in clinical trials, as well as the advantages and limitations, were also reviewed.

Herbal Medicine for Glioblastoma: Current and Future Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022-1043
Author(s):  
Imran Khan ◽  
Sadaf Mahfooz ◽  
Mustafa A. Hatiboglu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cycle Regulation ◽  
Immense Potential

Background: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and devastating tumours of the central nervous system with short survival time. Glioblastoma usually shows fast cell proliferation and invasion of normal brain tissue causing poor prognosis. The present standard of care in patients with glioblastoma includes surgery followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) based chemotherapy. Unfortunately, these approaches are not sufficient to lead a favorable prognosis and survival rates. As the current approaches do not provide a long-term benefit in those patients, new alternative treatments including natural compounds, have drawn attention. Due to their natural origin, they are associated with minimum cellular toxicity towards normal cells and it has become one of the most attractive approaches to treat tumours by natural compounds or phytochemicals. Objective: In the present review, the role of natural compounds or phytochemicals in the treatment of glioblastoma describing their efficacy on various aspects of glioblastoma pathophysiology such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, cellular signaling pathways, chemoresistance and their role in combinatorial therapeutic approaches was described. Methods: Peer-reviewed literature was extracted using Pubmed, EMBASE Ovid and Google Scholar to be reviewed in the present article. Conclusion: Preclinical data available in the literature suggest that phytochemicals hold immense potential to be translated into treatment modalities. However, further clinical studies with conclusive results are required to implement phytochemicals in treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Anti-neoplastic Potential of Flavonoids and Polysaccharide Phytochemicals in Glioblastoma

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 4895
Author(s):  
Ayesha Atiq ◽  
Ishwar Parhar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Clinically, gliomas are classified into four grades, with grade IV glioblastoma multiforme being the most malignant and deadly, which accounts for 50% of all gliomas. Characteristically, glioblastoma involves the aggressive proliferation of cells and invasion of normal brain tissue, outcomes as poor patient prognosis. With the current standard therapy of glioblastoma; surgical resection and radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide, it remains fatal, because of the development of drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. Therefore, the need for the effective therapeutic option for glioblastoma remains elusive. Previous studies have demonstrated the chemopreventive role of naturally occurring pharmacological agents through preventing or reversing the initiation phase of carcinogenesis or arresting the cancer progression phase. In this review, we discuss the role of natural phytochemicals in the amelioration of glioblastoma, with the aim to improve therapeutic outcomes, and minimize the adverse side effects to improve patient’s prognosis and enhancing their quality of life.

scholarly journals Glioblastoma Multiforme—A Look at the Past and a Glance at the Future

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Jasmine L. King ◽  
Soumya Rahima Benhabbour
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Therapeutic Delivery ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Delivery Strategies

Gliomas are the most common type of brain tumor that occur in adults and children. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, aggressive form of brain cancer in adults and is universally fatal. The current standard-of-care options for GBM include surgical resection, radiotherapy, and concomitant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. One of the major challenges that impedes success of chemotherapy is the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Because of the tightly regulated BBB, immune surveillance in the central nervous system (CNS) is poor, contributing to unregulated glioma cell growth. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in treatment of GBM with emphasis on the significant advances in immunotherapy and novel therapeutic delivery strategies to enhance treatment for GBM.

scholarly journals Towards Personalization in the Curative Treatment of Gastric Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid E. Slagter ◽  
Marieke A. Vollebergh ◽  
Edwin P. M. Jansen ◽  
Johanna W. van Sandick ◽  
Annemieke Cats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Perioperative Chemotherapy ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Resectable Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and has a high mortality rate. In the last decades, treatment strategy has shifted from an exclusive surgical approach to a multidisciplinary strategy. Treatment options for patients with resectable gastric cancer as recommended by different worldwide guidelines, include perioperative chemotherapy, pre- or postoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy. Although gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease with respect to patient-, tumor-, and molecular characteristics, the current standard of care is still according to a one-size-fits-all approach. In this review, we discuss the background of the different treatment strategies in resectable gastric cancer including the current standard, the specific role of radiotherapy, and describe the current areas of research and potential strategies for personalization of therapy.

scholarly journals Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Delivery of Chemotherapeutics: A Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Haider ◽  
Shifaa M. Abdin ◽  
Leena Kamal ◽  
Gorka Orive
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Current Standard

The efficacy of current standard chemotherapy is suboptimal due to the poor solubility and short half-lives of chemotherapeutic agents, as well as their high toxicity and lack of specificity which may result in severe side effects, noncompliance and patient inconvenience. The application of nanotechnology has revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry and attracted increasing attention as a significant means for optimizing the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and enhancing their efficiency and safety profiles. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are lipid-based formulations that have been broadly studied as drug delivery systems. They have a solid matrix at room temperature and are considered superior to many other traditional lipid-based nanocarriers such as nanoemulsions, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) due to their enhanced physical stability, improved drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility. This review focuses on the latest advances in the use of NLCs as drug delivery systems and their preparation and characterization techniques with special emphasis on their applications as delivery systems for chemotherapeutic agents and different strategies for their use in tumor targeting.

scholarly journals Radiotherapy of glioblastoma 15 years after the landmark Stupp’s trial: more controversies than standards?

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Kazda ◽  
Adam Dziacky ◽  
Petr Burkon ◽  
Petr Pospisil ◽  
Marek Slavik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Tumor Treating Fields ◽  
Integrated Boost ◽  
Hippocampal Sparing ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Personalized Approach

Abstract Background The current standard of care of glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor in adults, has remained unchanged for over a decade. Nevertheless, some improvements in patient outcomes have occurred as a consequence of modern surgery, improved radiotherapy and up-to-date management of toxicity. Patients from control arms (receiving standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide) of recent clinical trials achieve better outcomes compared to the median survival of 14.6 months reported in Stupp’s landmark clinical trial in 2005. The approach to radiotherapy that emerged from Stupp’s trial, which continues to be a basis for the current standard of care, is no longer applicable and there is a need to develop updated guidelines for radiotherapy within the daily clinical practice that address or at least acknowledge existing controversies in the planning of radiotherapy. The goal of this review is to provoke critical thinking about potentially controversial aspects in the radiotherapy of glioblastoma, including among others the issue of target definitions, simultaneously integrated boost technique, and hippocampal sparing. Conclusions In conjunction with new treatment approaches such as tumor-treating fields (TTF) and immunotherapy, the role of adjuvant radiotherapy will be further defined. The personalized approach in daily radiotherapy practice is enabled with modern radiotherapy systems.

scholarly journals Radiomics for the Diagnosis and Differentiation of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Jorge D. Machicado ◽  
Eugene J. Koay ◽  
Somashekar G. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Insight Into

Radiomics, also known as quantitative imaging or texture analysis, involves extracting a large number of features traditionally unmeasured in conventional radiological cross-sectional images and converting them into mathematical models. This review describes this approach and its use in the evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs). This discipline has the potential of more accurately assessing, classifying, risk stratifying, and guiding the management of PCLs. Existing studies have provided important insight into the role of radiomics in managing PCLs. Although these studies are limited by the use of retrospective design, single center data, and small sample sizes, radiomic features in combination with clinical data appear to be superior to the current standard of care in differentiating cyst type and in identifying mucinous PCLs with high-grade dysplasia. Combining radiomic features with other novel endoscopic diagnostics, including cyst fluid molecular analysis and confocal endomicroscopy, can potentially optimize the predictive accuracy of these models. There is a need for multicenter prospective studies to elucidate the role of radiomics in the management of PCLs.

Adjuvant Treatments for Localized Advanced Gastric Cancer: Differences among Geographic Regions

2012 ◽  
pp. e31-e34
Author(s):  
Yoon-Koo Kang ◽  
Changhoon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
The West ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Group B ◽  
Leukemia Group ◽  
Postoperative Chemoradiation

Overview: After much debate, adjuvant therapy has become the standard of care worldwide for resected localized gastric cancer. However, geographic differences exist in standard adjuvant treatments: postoperative chemoradiation in North America, perioperative chemotherapy in the United Kingdom, and postoperative chemotherapy in East Asia. Now that D2 gastrectomy has been recognized as the optimal surgery for localized gastric cancer in the West as well as in Asia, the standard adjuvant treatments used in the West may need to be reconsidered. One of the most important issues in adjuvant therapy for localized gastric cancer is how to improve the clinical outcomes of current standard treatments. Recent Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) and AMC studies suggest that simply intensifying chemotherapy by adding more agents or prolonging treatment duration is insufficient. However, new strategies like early initiation of chemotherapy and/or intraperitoneal chemotherapy may further improve the current standard adjuvant therapy. In the era of targeted therapy, the role of biologic agents for gastric cancer should also be explored in the adjuvant setting. With a deeper understanding of the molecular biology of gastric cancer, adjuvant therapy for patients with localized gastric cancer can be optimized and individualized.

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