scholarly journals Relationship between Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Fang ◽  
Minghui Quan ◽  
Tang Zhou ◽  
Shunli Sun ◽  
Jiayi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Beam ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Objectively Measured

Purpose. To evaluate the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and physical fitness among preschool children. Methods. A total of 346 participants (201 boys and 145 girls) aged 3.5–5.5 years (M=4.5 yr, SD = 0.47) from Shanghai, China, completed physical fitness assessments, including triceps skinfold thickness (TSFT), grip strength, tennis throwing, sit and reach test, standing long jump, balance beam, 10mSRT, and 20mSRT. Physical activity was objectively measured by ActiGraphGT3X+ accelerometer. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the cross-sectional associations between PA and physical fitness after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and valid wearing time. Results. Positive associations were observed between stand long jump (p<.01), tennis throwing (p<.01), laps in 20mSRT (p<.01), and MVPA. However, TSFT (p<.05), time in 10mSRT (p<.01), and balance beam (p<.05) were negatively associated with MVPA. Furthermore, positive associations were found between stand long jump (p<.01), tennis throwing (p<.01), and MVPA only in boys. Negative associations were found between time on balance beam (p<.01) and MVPA only in girls. Conclusions. MVPA appears to be an effective and reliable predictor of preschoolers’ physical fitness. Boys’ body composition, muscular strength, explosive strength, agility, aerobic fitness, girls’ agility, aerobic fitness, and balance could improve as MVPA increases.

scholarly journals Association between objectively measured body composition, sleep parameters and physical activity in preschool children: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e042669
Author(s):  
Justyna Wyszyńska ◽  
Piotr Matłosz ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Agnieszka Szybisty ◽  
Paweł Lenik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Objectively Measured

ObjectiveAssociations between self-reported sleep duration and obesity indices in children are well recognised; however, there are no studies on associations between objectively measured other sleep parameters and physical activity with body composition in preschoolers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the associations between sleep parameters and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with body composition indices in preschoolers using objective measures.DesignA cross-sectional study.ParticipantsThe study group consisted of 676 children aged 5–6 years, who were enrolled in kindergartens in the 2017/2018 school year.Outcome measuresSleep parameters and MVPA were measured using accelerometers for 7 days. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate body composition.ResultsSleep duration and sleep efficiency were inversely associated with body fat percentage (BFP) (β=−0.013 and β from –0.311 to −0.359, respectively) and body mass index (BMI) (β from −0.005 to −0.006 and from −0.105 to –0.121, respectively), and directly associated with fat-free mass (FFM) (β from 0.010 to 0.011 and from 0.245 to 0.271, respectively) and muscle mass (β from 0.012 to 0.012 and from 0.277 to 0.307, respectively) in unadjusted and adjusted models. BFP was inversely associated with MVPA and positively associated with number of awakenings and sleep periods. Number of sleep periods was inversely associated with FFM, and positively with BMI and muscle mass. Correlation matrix indicated significant correlation between BFP, FFM and muscle mass with sleep duration, sleep efficiency, number of sleep periods and MVPA.ConclusionsPeriodic assessment of sleep parameters and MVPA in relation to body composition in preschool children may be considered, especially in those who are at risk for obesity.

scholarly journals How does the UK childcare energy-balance environment influence anthropometry of children aged 3–4 years? A cross-sectional exploration

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e021520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn R Hesketh ◽  
Sara E Benjamin-Neelon ◽  
Esther M F van Sluijs
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Childhood Obesity ◽  
Family Based ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Objectively Measured

ObjectivesTo assess the association between time spent in care, the childcare energy-balance environment, and preschool-aged children’s body mass index z-score (z-BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and sum of skinfold thickness (SST).DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsChildren aged 3–4 years were recruited from 30 childcare centres in Cambridgeshire (UK) in 2013.Main outcome measuresObjectively measured height and weight was used to calculate z-BMI; waist circumference and height were used to generate WHR; subscapular and tricep skinfolds were used to calculate SST. Associations between childcare attendance, the nutrition, physical activity, and overall childcare environment, and three anthropometric outcomes were explored using two-level hierarchical regression models, adjusting for demographic and family based confounders.ResultsValid data were available for 196 children (49% female). Time spent in care, the nutrition, physical activity and overall childcare environment were not associated with children’s z-BMI, WHR and SST.ConclusionsChildcare environment and level of attendance were not associated with UK preschool-aged children’s anthropometry. The childcare environment has been central to intervention efforts to prevent/reduce early childhood obesity, yet other factors, including child-level, family level, wider environmental and policy-level factors warrant substantial attention when considering obesity prevention strategies for young children.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Indices and Some Aspects of Physical Fitness in Croatian Adolescents by Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2582
Author(s):  
Martin Zvonar ◽  
Mario Kasović ◽  
Lovro Štefan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump

Background. The main purpose of this study was to explore the body-mass index and waist circumference associated with physical fitness by gender. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we included 1036 adolescents (55.4% girls) from eight randomly selected secondary schools within the city of Zagreb (Croatia). Body-mass index and waist circumference were objectively measured. Physical fitness included three tests: (1) 1 min sit-ups, (2) standing long jump and (3) a sit-and-reach test. Associations were calculated using linear regression models. Results. Boys had higher body-mass index and waist circumference values, compared to girls (p < 0.001). They also performed better in 1 min sit-ups and the standing long jump tests (p < 0.001), while girls obtained higher values in the sit-and-reach test (p < 0.001). In boys, body-mass index and waist circumference were associated with 1 min sit-ups and the standing long jump. In girls, waist circumference was also associated with 1 min sit-ups and the standing long jump, while body-mass index was only associated with this standing long jump. Conclusions. Our study shows that anthropometric indices have non-linear associations with physical fitness tests in a large sample of Croatian adolescents. Screening for thinness and obesity to predict the level of physical fitness should be of a great interest.

scholarly journals International Comparison of the Levels and Potential Correlates of Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and Physical Activity among Three-to-Four-Year-Old Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiseree Dias ◽  
James White ◽  
Russell Jago ◽  
Greet Cardon ◽  
Rachel Davey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Multilevel Linear Regression

Physical activity (PA) patterns track from childhood through to adulthood. The study aimed to determine the levels and correlates of sedentary time (ST), total PA (TPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in preschool-aged children. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 1052 children aged three-to-four-years-old from six studies included in the International Children’s Accelerometry Database. Multilevel linear regression models adjusting for age, gender, season, minutes of wear time, and study clustering effects were used to estimate associations between age, gender, country, season, ethnicity, parental education, day of the week, time of sunrise, time of sunset, and hours of daylight and the daily minutes spent in ST, TPA, and MVPA. Across the UK, Switzerland, Belgium, and the USA, children in our analysis sample spent 490 min in ST per day and 30.0% and 21.2% of children did not engage in recommended daily TPA (≥180 min) and MVPA (≥60 min) guidelines. There was evidence for an association between all 10 potential correlates analyzed and at least one of the outcome variables; average daily minutes spent in ST, TPA and/or MVPA. These correlates can inform the design of public health interventions internationally to decrease ST and increase PA in preschoolers.

Locomotive and Non-Locomotive Activity as Determined by Triaxial Accelerometry and Physical Fitness in Japanese Preschool Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Tanaka ◽  
Yuki Hikihara ◽  
Kazunori Ohkawara ◽  
Shigeho Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Locomotive Activity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Run Test

This study examined the potential relationship between participation in physical activity (PA) assessed by triaxial accelerometry and physical fitness testing, including health-related and skill-related parameters of fitness, in 136 Japanese preschoolers (65 girls and 71 boys, 5.5 ± 0.6 years). In partial correlation analyses, grip strength and 20m shuttle run test were positively correlated with time spent in physical activity ratio (PAR) ≥ 4. Better scores on standing long jump distance and jump over and crawl under tests were associated with lower sedentary time and greater moderate-to-vigorous PA time and PAR ≥ 4 time, and increased physical activity level. Moreover, 25m run speed was positively correlated with time spent in PAR ≥ 4 and locomotive activity. These findings suggest that development of both health-related (muscle strength and aerobic fitness) and skill-related fitness (power, agility and speed) may make engagement in PA easier for preschool children, although further research on the cause-effect relationship is needed.

scholarly journals Overweight or Obesity, Gender, and Age Influence on High School Students of the City of Toluca’s Physical Fitness

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flor de Maria Cruz Estrada ◽  
Patricia Tlatempa Sotelo ◽  
Roxana Valdes-Ramos ◽  
José Aldo Hernández Murúa ◽  
Rafael Manjarrez-Montes-de-Oca
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
The City

Material and Method. This is a prospective, cross-sectional, and correlational study with a probabilistic sampling in which 150 teenagers from three different high schools from the city of Toluca, Mexico, aged 15–17, were assessed. Objective. To determine if weight, age, and gender have an influence on physical fitness evaluated with the EUROFIT and ALPHA-FITNESS batteries. Results. Women have a higher overweight and obesity rate than men (3 : 1). Adolescents who have normal weight have regular physical fitness (74.9%). When comparing genders we found that men have a higher mean than women in the tests, except for skinfold thickness and waist circumference. Age was only correlated with the plate tapping test (p=0.001). There are significant differences in the standing broad jump test and the Course-Navette of the EUROFIT and ALPHA-FITNESS batteries (p=0.000). Conclusions. It is likely that regular physical activity, and not normal weight, helps generate healthy physical fitness. Male subjects had a higher mean than women, reporting a better physical fitness and more frequent physical activity.

Environmental perceptions and its associations with physical fitness and body composition in adolescents: longitudinal results from the LabMed Physical Activity Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Oliveira ◽  
Luis Lopes ◽  
Sandra Abreu ◽  
Carla Moreira ◽  
Pedro Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Environmental Perceptions ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background The environmental correlates have been extensively studied in the last years, but most associations with physical fitness (PF) and body composition have been cross-sectional in nature. Objective This study aimed to determine if adolescents’ environmental perceptions associated with PF and body composition in a 2-year follow-up. Subjects Participants were 583 adolescents aged 12–18 years (299 girls) from the LabMed Physical Activity Study. Methods PF and body composition were assessed with the protocols of the ALPHA health-related fitness battery and environmental perceptions with the ALPHA environmental questionnaire. Linear regression models were used to determine the associations between environmental perceptions at baseline and PF and anthropometric measures at follow-up. Results Results showed that perceptions of distant facilities at baseline were associated with lower fitness at follow-up in boys. Also, boys’ lower study environment perceptions at baseline were associated with higher body composition at follow-up. Positive perceptions of a pleasant environment at baseline were associated with better fitness at follow-up in boys. Additionally, girls’ positive bike lanes availability and esthetics perceptions at baseline were associated with better body composition at follow-up. Conclusion Positive environmental perceptions at baseline are associated with better PF and body composition at follow-up.

scholarly journals Relationship between Physical Activity, Fitness and Educational Achievement of Rural South African Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
M. J. THEMANE ◽  
L. L. J. KOPPES ◽  
H. C. G. KEMPER ◽  
K. D. MONYEKI ◽  
J. W. R. TWISK
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
South African ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
South African School ◽  
Long Jump

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of physical activity and physical fitness with educational achievement in rural South African school children aged 7 to 14 years (n= 212). All boys and girls underwent the following physical fitness tests: standing long jump, bent arm hang, sit ups, 10 x 5m shuttle run, 50 meter run, 1,600 meter run, flamingo balance, sit and reach, and plate tapping. All tests were performed in accordance with the European Tests of Physical Fitness (EUROFIT) and American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) protocols. A questionnaire was used to gather physical activity information concerning indoor and outdoor household activities, games and sports performed during the week days and weekend days. Educational achievement was assessed by means of the Educational Achievement Tests in Mathematics and English designed by South African Human Sciences Research Council. In contrast to what has been found in developed countries, the results of the present study did not show strong evidence for the hypothesis that physical activity and physical fitness are positively associated with educational achievement. Explanations for this finding may be that: first, the children in this population are confronted by a number of educational problems that may have confounded the relationship. Second, because all these children have high levels of physical activity it may be difficult to measure its influence on educational achievement, and third, the cross-sectional nature of this study.本文旨在探討南非鄉鎮地區小學生身體活動量與學業的關係，以問卷方式進行調查，訪問了212名學童，並評估他們的體適能狀況，結果未能顯示出兩者呈現關係，這現象可能受到文化及敎育等因素影響所致，結果呈現兩種動作類，顯示對於下肢的偏向是取決於動作的。作者提出看法，認為各個不同孩童的互動、動作和環境的轉換都對下肢偏向起著影響。

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