scholarly journals Tacrolimus-Induced Type IV Renal Tubular Acidosis following Liver Transplantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Schmoyer ◽  
Suraj Mishra ◽  
Frank Fulco
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Renal Tubular Acidosis ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Renal Tubular

Calcineurin inhibitors remain an integral component of immunosuppressive therapy regimens following solid organ transplantation. Although nephrotoxicity associated with these agents is well documented, type IV renal tubular acidosis is a rare and potentially underreported complication following liver transplantation. Hepatologists must be able to recognize this adverse effect as it can lead to fatal hyperkalemia. We describe a case of tacrolimus-induced hyperkalemic type IV renal tubular acidosis in a patient following an orthotopic liver transplant for alcoholic cirrhosis.

scholarly journals A case of rhabdomyolysis after atorvastatin therapy of a liver transplant recipient receiving immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
A. V. Shabunin ◽  
S. P. Loginov ◽  
P. A. Drozdov ◽  
I. V. Nesterenko ◽  
D. A. Makeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Term Survival

Rationale. To date, liver transplantation is the most effective method of treating end-stage liver failure, and therefore this treatment has become widespread throughout the world. However, due to the improvement in the quality of transplant care and an increase in the long-term survival of patients, the development of concomitant pathology, which often requires medical treatment, is inevitably associated with a higher life expectancy of liver transplant recipients. Thus, in patients who underwent liver transplantation, there is. a significant increase in the incidence of dyslipidemia. However, a long-term immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplant patients can adversely modify the effect of the prescribed drugs, which requires careful monitoring and consideration of drug interactions.Purpose. Using a clinical example to demonstrate the importance of taking drug interactions into account in the treatment of patients after organ transplantation receiving immunosuppressive drugs.Material and methods. In the presented clinical case, a patient after orthotopic liver transplantation performed in 2005 underwent a staged treatment of cicatricial stricture of choledochal anastomosis in the S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital. During the following hospitalization, the patient complained of minor muscle pain when walking. At doctor's visit 3 weeks before hospitalization, a local physician prescribed therapy with atorvastatin 10 mg per day due to an increase in blood plasma cholesterol levels. The patient underwent removal of the self-expanding nitinol stent. During the follow-up examination, the patient had no evidence of an impaired bile outflow, however, muscle pain and weakness progressively increased, the rate of diuresis decreased, and in the biochemical analysis of blood there was an abrupt increase in the concentration of creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase. Atorvastatin was canceled, a diagnosis of acute non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis was established, treatment with hemodialysis and plasma exchange was started on 03/05/2020. The last session of renal replacement therapy was 03/30/20.Results. With the restoration of the diuresis rate, there was a spontaneous decrease in the level of creatinine to 170 μmol/L. The patient was discharged with satisfactory renal and hepatic function. The pain syndrome completely resolved. Conclusion. Drug interactions between atorvastatin and cyclosporine have resulted in acute rhabdomyolysis with life-threatening consequences. This once again confirms the importance of taking drug interactions into account when managing patients after solid organ transplantation.

scholarly journals Diffusion MRI Findings in Encephalopathy Induced by Immunosuppressive Therapy after Liver Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Tinelli ◽  
Nicoletta Locuratolo ◽  
Alberto Pierallini ◽  
Massimo Rossi ◽  
Francesco Fattapposta
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images

Neurological complications are common after liver transplantation, as they affect up to one-third of the transplanted patients and are associated with significant morbidity. The introduction of calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporine A and tacrolimus, in immunosuppressive regimens significantly improved the outcome of solid-organ transplantation even though immunosuppression-associated neurotoxicity remains a significant complication, particularly occurring in about 25% of cases after liver transplantation. The immunosuppressant cyclosporine A and tacrolimus have been associated with the occurrence of major neurological complications, diffuse encephalopathy being the most common. The biochemical and pathogenetic basis of calcineurin inhibitors-induced neurotoxicity are still unclear although several mechanisms have been suggested. Early recognition of symptoms could help reduce neurotoxic event. The aim of the study was to evaluate cerebral changes through MRI, in particular with diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, in two patients undergoing liver transplantation after immunosuppressive therapy. We describe two patients in which clinical pictures, presenting as a severe neurological condition, early after orthotopic liver transplantation during immunosuppression therapy, showed a different evolution in keeping with evidence of focal-multifocal lesions at DWI and ADC maps. At clinical onset, DWI showed hyperintensity of the temporo-parieto-occipital cortex with normal ADC values in the patient with following good clinical recovery and decreased values in the other one; in the latter case, MRI abnormalities were still present after ten days, until the patient’s exitus. The changes in DWI with normal ADC may be linked to brain edema with a predominant vasogenic component and therefore reversible, while the reduction in ADC is due to cytotoxic edema and linked to more severe, nonreversible, clinical picture. Brain MRI and particularly DWI and ADC maps provide not only a good and early representation of neurological complications during immunosuppressant therapy but can also provide a useful prognostic tool on clinical outcome of the patient.

scholarly journals Is ABO-Incompatible Living Donor Liver Transplantation Really a Good Alternative for Pediatric Recipients?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Catherine de Magnée ◽  
Louise Brunée ◽  
Roberto Tambucci ◽  
Aurore Pire ◽  
Isabelle Scheers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Living Donor Liver Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Humoral Rejection ◽  
Donor Liver ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Donor Liver Transplantation ◽  
Antibody Mediated Rejection

Background: ABO-incompatible (ABOi) living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been proposed to compensate for donor shortage. To date, few studies have reported detailed ABOi LDLT results in large series of pediatric patients. C4d complement deposition in graft capillaries has been reported to be associated with antibody-mediated rejection in solid organ transplantation. Methods: A retrospective case–control study was conducted, comparing clinical outcomes of each of 34 consecutive pediatric ABOi LDLT recipients with those of 2 non-ABOi pairs (n = 68), matched according to pre-transplant diagnostic criteria, age, and date of transplantation. In addition, we studied the C4d immunostaining pattern in 22 ABOi and in 36 non-ABOi recipients whose liver biopsy was performed within the first 4 post-transplant weeks for suspected acute rejection. Results: The incidence of biliary complications was higher in ABOi recipients (p < 0.05), as were the incidence of acute humoral rejection (p < 0.01) and the incidence of retransplantation (p < 0.05). All children who required retransplantation were older than 1 year at the time of ABOi LDLT. Positive C4d immunostaining was observed in 13/22 (59%) ABOi recipients versus 3/36 (8.3%) non-ABOi recipients (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: ABOi LDLT is a feasible option for pediatric end-stage liver disease but carries increased risks for the recipient, especially for children older than 1 year, even with a specific preparation protocol. C4d immunostaining may be a hallmark of acute humoral rejection in ABOi liver transplantation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Cellular Assays to Predict the Course of CMV Infection in Liver Transplant Recipients

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Smaranda Gliga ◽  
Melanie Fiedler ◽  
Theresa Dornieden ◽  
Anne Achterfeld ◽  
Andreas Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Cellular Assays ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

To estimate protection from cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication after solid organ transplantation, CMV serology has been considered insufficient and thus CMV immunity is increasingly assessed by cellular in vitro methods. We compared two commercially available IFN-γ ELISpot assays (T-Track CMV and T-SPOT.CMV) and an IFN-γ ELISA (QuantiFERON-CMV). Currently, there is no study comparing these three assays. The assays were performed in 56 liver transplant recipients at the end of antiviral prophylaxis and one month thereafter. In CMV high- or intermediate-risk patients the two ELISpot assays showed significant correlation (p < 0.0001, r > 0.6) but the correlation of the ELISpot assays with QuantiFERON-CMV was weaker. Results of both ELISpot assays were similarly predictive of protection from CMV-DNAemia ≥500 copies/mL [CMV pp65 T-SPOT.CMV at the end of prophylaxis: area under curve (AUC) = 0.744, cut-off 142 spot forming units (SFU), sensitivity set to 100%, specificity 46%; CMV IE-1 T-Track CMV at month 1: AUC = 0.762, cut-off 3.5 SFU, sensitivity set to 100%, specificity 59%]. The QuantiFERON-CMV assay was inferior, reaching a specificity of 23% when setting the sensitivity to 100%. In conclusion, both CMV-specific ELISpot assays appear suitable to assess protection from CMV infection/reactivation in liver transplant recipients.

scholarly journals Conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus of recipients with chronic kidney graft disease grade iii for a period 2003-2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 848-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Ignjatovic ◽  
Rajko Hrvacevic ◽  
Dragan Jovanovic ◽  
Zoran Kovacevic ◽  
Neven Vavic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Kidney Graft ◽  
Group I ◽  
Grade Iii

Background/Aim. Tremendous breakthrough in solid organ transplantation was made with the introduction of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI). At the same time, they are potentially nephrotoxic drugs with influence on onset and progression of renal graft failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of a conversion from CNIbased immunosuppressive protocol to sirolimus (SRL) in recipients with graft in chronic kidney disease (CKD) grade III and proteinuria below 500 mg/day. Methods. In the period 2003-2011 24 patients (6 famale and 18 male), mean age 41 ? 12.2 years, on triple immunosuppressive therapy: steroids, antiproliferative drug [mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or azathiopirine (AZA)] and CNI were switched from CNI to SRL and followe-up for 76 ? 13 months. Nine patients (the group I) had early postransplant conversion after 4 ? 3 months and 15 patients (the group II) late conversion after 46 ? 29 months. During the regular outpatient controls we followed graft function through the serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), proteinuria, lipidemia and side effects. Results. Thirty days after conversion, in all the patients GFR, proteinuria and lipidemia were insignificantly increased. In the first two post-conversion months all the patients had at least one urinary or respiratory infection, and 10 patients reactivated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or disease, and they were successfully treated with standard therapy. After 21 ? 11 months 15 patients from both groups discontinued SRL therapy due to reconversion to CNI (10 patients) and double immunosuppressive therapy (3 patients), return to hemodialysis (1 patient) and death (1 patient). Nine patients were still on SRL therapy. By the end of the follow-up they significantly improved GFR (from 53.2 ? 12.7 to 69 ? 15 mL/min), while the increase in proteinuria (from 265 ? 239 to 530.6 ? 416.7 mg/day) and lipidemia (cholesterol from 4.71 ? 0.98 to 5.61 ? 1.6 mmol/L and triglycerides from 2.04 ? 1.18 to 2.1 ? 0.72 mmol/L) were not significant. They were stable during the whole follow-up period. Ten patients were reconverted from SRL to CNI due to the abrupt increase of proteinuria (from 298 ? 232 to 1639 ? 1641/mg day in 7 patients), rapid growth of multiple ovarian cysts (2 patients) and operative treatment of persisted hematoma (1 patient). Thirty days after reconversion they were stable with an insignificant decrease in GFR (from 56.10 ? 28.09 to 47 ? 21 mL/min) and significantly improved proteinuria (from 1639 ? 1641 to 529 ? 688 mg/day). By the end of the follow-up these patients showed nonsignificant increase in the serum creatinine (from 172 ? 88 to 202 ? 91 mmol/L), decrease in GFR (from 56.10 ? 28.09 to 47 ? 21 mL/day) and increased proteinuria (from 528.9 ? 688 to 850 ? 1083 mg/min). Conclusion. In this small descriptive study, conversion from CNI to SRL was followed by an increased incidence of infections and consecutive 25-50% dose reduction in the second antiproliferative agent (AZA, MMF), with a possible influence on the development of glomerulopathy in some patients, which was the major reason for discontinuation of SRL therapy in the 7 (29%) patients. Nine (37.5%) of the patients experienced the greatest benefit of CIN to SRL conversion without serious post-conversion complications.

scholarly journals Type iv renal tubular acidosis: an emerging type of nephropathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Quaglia ◽  
Guido Merlotti ◽  
Cristina Izzo ◽  
Piero Stratta
Keyword(s):  
Renal Tubular Acidosis ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Renal Tubular

Metabolic Consequences of Solid Organ Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamatha Bhat ◽  
Shirine E Usmani ◽  
Amirhossein Azhie ◽  
Minna Woo
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Metabolic complications affect over 50% of solid organ transplant recipients. These include posttransplant diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Preexisting metabolic disease is further exacerbated with immunosuppression and posttransplant weight gain. Patients transition from a state of cachexia induced by end-organ disease to a pro-anabolic state after transplant due to weight gain, sedentary lifestyle, and suboptimal dietary habits in the setting of immunosuppression. Specific immunosuppressants have different metabolic effects, although all the foundation/maintenance immunosuppressants (calcineurin inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors) increase the risk of metabolic disease. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the emerging knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of these different metabolic complications, and the potential genetic contribution (recipient +/− donor) to these conditions. These metabolic complications impact both graft and patient survival, particularly increasing the risk of cardiovascular and cancer-associated mortality. The current evidence for prevention and therapeutic management of posttransplant metabolic conditions is provided while highlighting gaps for future avenues in translational research.

scholarly journals Liver transplant recipients’ experiences and perspectives of a telehealth-delivered lifestyle programme: A qualitative study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1357633X1990045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandine Barnett ◽  
Katrina L Campbell ◽  
Hannah L Mayr ◽  
Shelley E Keating ◽  
Graeme A Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients ◽  
Lifestyle Programme

Introduction Dietary modification and exercise are encouraged to address cardiometabolic risk factors after solid organ transplantation. However, the lived experience of attempting positive lifestyle changes for liver transplant recipients is not known. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of liver transplant recipients and their perspectives of a 12-week telehealth lifestyle programme and assess the feasibility of this innovative health service. Methods Focus groups and one-on-one interviews were conducted with participants who had completed a 12-week, group-based, telehealth-delivered diet and exercise programme and thematic qualitative analysis was used to code and theme the data. Results In total, 19 liver transplant recipients participated in the study (25–68 years, median time since transplant 4.4 years, 63% male). Overarching themes included: (a) ‘broad telehealth advantages' which highlighted that telehealth reduced the perceived burdens of face-to-face care; (b) ‘impact of employment' which identified employment as a competing priority and appeared to effect involvement with the programme; (c) ‘adapting Mediterranean eating pattern to meet individual needs' which identified the adaptability of the Mediterranean diet supported by sessions with the dietitian; (d) ‘increasing exercise confidence' which recognised that a tailored approach facilitated confidence and acceptability of the exercise component of the programme. Discussion A telehealth lifestyle programme delivered by dietitians and exercise physiologists is an acceptable alternative to face-to-face care that can meet the needs of liver transplant recipients. There is a need to further innovate and broaden the scope of routine service delivery beyond face-to-face consultations.

Risk Factors for Premature Coronary Heart Disease after Successful Liver Transplantation in Adults

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
Susan L Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Premature Coronary Heart Disease

As solid-organ transplantation has evolved into a highly effective treatment for end-stage organ disease, the long-term health implications of chronic exposure of recipients to immunosuppressants and other pharmacological agents are becoming more apparent. Coronary heart disease has long been known to plague kidney transplant recipients and more recently has been found to affect heart transplant recipients disproportionately. Coronary heart disease after liver transplantation, however, is less well known. The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for premature coronary heart disease in asymptomatic adult recipients of liver transplants. Nutrition-related risk factors for coronary heart disease (obesity and hyperlipidemia) were measured in 29 patients before and after liver transplantation. Changes with respect to primary immunosuppression protocol (cyclosporine plus corticosteroid vs tacrolimus plus corticosteroid) were compared. Risk factors that had not been present before transplantation were apparent in both groups by 6 months after transplantation. Although obesity and hyperlipidemia were not found to be independent risk factors for coronary heart disease, they were clinically important when considered in combination. Cyclosporine was associated with significantly higher serum lipid concentrations than was tacrolimus.

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