scholarly journals Body Posture Asymmetry in Prematurely Born Children at Six Years of Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Walicka-Cupryś ◽  
Justyna Drzał-Grabiec ◽  
Maciej Rachwał ◽  
Paweł Piwoński ◽  
Lidia Perenc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premature Birth ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Coronal Plane ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Preterm Group

Aims. The purpose of the study was to assess body posture asymmetries in the standing and sitting position in prematurely born children at six years of age. Study Design and Subjects. We measured trunk symmetry in coronal plane. The study was carried out in a group of 101 children, aged 6-7 years, mean age of 6.63, including 50 preterm children born at gestational age <32 weeks (preterm group) and 51 full-term children (control group). Outcome Measures. Trunk symmetry in coronal plane was measured using photogrammetric technique with Mora 4G CQ Elektronik. The subjects were examined in standing and sitting position. Statistical analyses were carried out using Shapiro-Wilk W-test, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Pearson’s chi-squared test. Statistical significance was assumed at p<0.05. Results. No significant differences were found between the groups in the asymmetries identified in the relevant anthropometric points, relative to the position assumed during the examination or to the subjects’ sex. Conclusions. There are no significant differences in body posture in the coronal plane, between preterm children and full-term children. Premature birth does not have adverse effects related to body posture asymmetry in preterm children at the age of six.

scholarly journals Craniofacial Morphology in Prematurely Born Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte Paulsson ◽  
Lars Bondemark
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Preterm Group

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the craniofacial morphology of prematurely born children and that of matched full-term born controls. Materials and Methods: White children 8 to 10 years of age, born at the University Hospitals of Lund and Malmö and living in the same part of Sweden, were included. One group consisted of 36 very preterm children, born during gestational weeks 29 to 32; the other group included 36 extremely preterm children, who were born before the 29th gestational week. Subjects were compared with a control group of 31 full-term children, who were matched for gender, age, nationality, and living area. One lateral head radiograph was taken for each child, and the cephalometric analysis included 15 angular and 11 linear variables. Also, the height, weight, and head circumference of each child were registered. Results: A significantly shorter anterior cranial base and a less convex skeletal profile were found among extremely preterm children, and significantly shorter maxillary length was noted in both extremely preterm and very preterm groups as compared with full-term children. The lower incisors were significantly more retroclined and retruded in the extremely preterm group compared with the very preterm group and the full-term control group. Extremely preterm children were significantly shorter, and both extremely preterm and very preterm children had significantly lower weight and smaller head circumference compared with full-term children. Conclusion: The null hypothesis was rejected because several craniofacial parameters differed significantly between preterm and full-term born control children.

scholarly journals Influence of design of dentist’s chairs on body posture for dentists with different working experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Huppert ◽  
W. Betz ◽  
C. Maurer-Grubinger ◽  
F. Holzgreve ◽  
L. Fraeulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Ergonomic Design ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Working Postures

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are a common health problem among dentists. Dental treatment is mainly performed in a sitting position. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of different ergonomic chairs on the sitting position. In addition, it was tested if the sitting position of experienced workers is different from a non-dental group. Methods A total of 59 (28 m/31f) subjects, divided into two dentist groups according to their work experience (students and dentists (9 m/11f) < 10 years, dentists (9 m/10f) ≥ 10 years) and a control group (10 m/10f) were measured. A three-dimensional back scanner captured the bare back of all subjects sitting on six dentist’s chairs of different design. Initially, inter-group comparisons per chair, firstly in the habitual and secondly in the working postures, were carried out. Furthermore, inter-chair comparison was conducted for the habitual as well as for the working postures of all subjects and for each group. Finally, a comparison between the habitual sitting posture and the working posture for each respective chair (intra-chair comparison) was conducted (for all subjects and for each group). In addition, a subjective assessment of each chair was made. For the statistical analysis, non-parametric tests were conducted and the level of significance was set at 5%. Results When comparing the three subject groups, all chairs caused a more pronounced spinal kyphosis in experienced dentists. In both conditions (habitual and working postures), a symmetrical sitting position was assumed on each chair. The inter-chair comparisons showed no differences regarding the ergonomic design of the chairs. The significances found in the inter-chair comparisons were all within the measurementerror and could, therefore, be classified as clinically irrelevant. The intra-chair comparison (habitual sitting position vs. working sitting position) illustrated position-related changes in the sagittal, but not in the transverse, plane. These changes were only position-related (forward leaned working posture) and were not influenced by the ergonomic sitting design of the respective chair. There are no differences between the groups in the subjective assessment of each chair. Conclusions Regardless of the group or the dental experience, the ergonomic design of the dentist’s chair had only a marginal influence on the upper body posture in both the habitual and working sitting postures. Consequently, the focus of the dentist’s chair, in order to minimize MSD, should concentrate on adopting a symmetrical sitting posture rather than on its ergonomic design.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relation of Smoking, Gallstones, and Renal Stones With Sialolithiasis in Patients Referred to Oral Medicine and ENT Department of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Pakdel ◽  
Rana Attaran ◽  
Sevda Movafagh ◽  
Zahra Aghazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of ◽  
Salivary Gland Stones

Background: The exact mechanism of the formation of salivary gland stones is unknown. Elucidating pathophysiology of the formation of salivary stones might prevent both their formation and the need for implementing invasive surgical procedures. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects exerted by some etiological factors on the formation of salivary gland stones. Methods: In this case–control study, the records of 80 patients with sialolithiasis were studied as a census from April 2011 to June 2019. These patients were referred to the Oral Medicine and the ENT departments of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The control group consisted of the same number of the patients with no sialolithiasis. Two groups were compared in terms of stone size, smoking, gallstones, and renal stones. Chi-squared, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were adopted to examine the quantitative variables. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: Overall, 96.2% of sialoliths were found in the submandibular gland, of which 78.8% were single. Moreover, 32.5% of the patients with a history of sialolithiasis were smokers, whereas this frequency was 23.8% in the control group. In the case and control groups, 2.5% and 5% of the patients had a history of renal stones, respectively. Only one patient who had undergone a surgical procedure to remove salivary gland stones had a history of gallstones, while none of the patients in the control group had a history of gallstones. Conclusions: The results showed that the formation of salivary gland stones was not associated with smoking, history of renal stones, and gallstones. Furthermore, it was found that the numbers and sizes of salivary stones were not affected by smoking.

scholarly journals Academic performance of children born preterm: a meta-analysis and meta-regression

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. F322-F330 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sabrina Twilhaar ◽  
Jorrit F de Kieviet ◽  
Cornelieke SH Aarnoudse-Moens ◽  
Ruurd M van Elburg ◽  
Jaap Oosterlaan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Academic Difficulties ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Antenatal Steroids

BackgroundAdvances in neonatal healthcare have resulted in decreased mortality after preterm birth but have not led to parallel decreases in morbidity. Academic performance provides insight in the outcomes and specific difficulties and needs of preterm children.ObjectiveTo study academic performance in preterm children born in the antenatal steroids and surfactant era and possible moderating effects of perinatal and demographic factors.DesignPubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO were searched for peer-reviewed articles. Cohort studies with a full-term control group reporting standardised academic performance scores of preterm children (<37 weeks of gestation) at age 5 years or older and born in the antenatal steroids and surfactant era were included. Academic test scores and special educational needs of preterm and full-term children were analysed using random effects meta-analysis. Random effects meta-regressions were performed to explore the predictive role of perinatal and demographic factors for between-study variance in effect sizes.ResultsThe 17 eligible studies included 2390 preterm children and 1549 controls. Preterm children scored 0.71 SD below full-term peers on arithmetic (p<0.001), 0.44 and 0.52 SD lower on reading and spelling (p<0.001) and were 2.85 times more likely to receive special educational assistance (95% CI 2.12 to 3.84, p<0.001). Bronchopulmonarydysplasia explained 44% of the variance in academic performance (p=0.006).ConclusionPreterm children born in the antenatal steroids and surfactant era show considerable academic difficulties. Preterm children with bronchopulmonarydysplasia are at particular risk for poor academic outcome.

scholarly journals Attentional networks efficiency in preterm children

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. PIZZO ◽  
S. URBEN ◽  
M. VAN DER LINDEN ◽  
C. BORRADORI-TOLSA ◽  
M. FRESCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Attentional Networks ◽  
Preterm Group

AbstractRecent studies have reported specific executive and attentional deficits in preterm children. However, the majority of this research has used multidetermined tasks to assess these abilities, and the interpretation of the results lacks an explicit theoretical backdrop to better understand the origin of the difficulties observed. In the present study, we used the Child Attention Network Task (Child ANT; Rueda et al. 2004) to assess the efficiency of the alerting, orienting and executive control networks. We compared the performance of 25 preterm children (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks) to 25 full-term children, all between 5½ and 6½ years of age. Results showed that, as compared to full-term children, preterm children were slower on all conditions of the Child ANT and had a specific deficit in executive control abilities. We also observed a significantly higher correlation between the orienting and executive control networks in the preterm group, suggesting less differentiation of these two networks in this population. (JINS, 2010, 16, 130–137.)

scholarly journals Anatomic features of anterior chamber angle in children with glaucoma depending on the degree of the cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Maria A. Makarova ◽  
Viktoria M. Panchishena ◽  
Elena V. Brusakova ◽  
Regina V. Ershova ◽  
Elvira I. Saidasheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Congenital Glaucoma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Anterior Chamber Angle ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Chamber Angle

Introduction. The retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading condition in the nosological structure of ophthalmic pathology in preterm children. A number of researchers note the increase in frequency of glaucoma development in such patients, considerably worsening the prognosis of the disease. At the same time, features of ocular hydrostatics and hydrodynamics taking into account the immaturity of the eye are studied insufficiently. The purpose of the study was to estimate the anterior chamber angle anatomy in preterm children with glaucoma depending on the cicatricial ROP severity. Materials and methods. The study group included 45 preterm children (87 eyes) aged from 6 months to 18 years with glaucoma on the background of cicatricial ROP. The control group consisted of 27 full-term children (54 eyes) with congenital glaucoma. As an addition to traditional ophthalmologic examination, iridocorneal goniography using a pediatric retinal camera was performed. Results. In children of the study group, anomalies of anterior chamber angle anatomic structure were diagnosed in the absolute majority of cases 97.7% of cases (85 eyes) and depended on the cicatricial ROP severity: at degrees 1-3 they were similar to those in congenital glaucoma in full-term children; at degrees 4-5 glaucoma was of secondary nature and developed as a result of a combination of dysgenesis signs in the anterior chamber angle. Conclusion. Cicatricial ROP of any degree is a high risk factor for the development of secondary glaucoma.

scholarly journals Research on the Application Value of Intelligent Heating Box in Newborn Nursing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yongzhi Lu ◽  
Guangrong Bo ◽  
Yuanyuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Heat Preservation

The aim of this study was to explore the application effect of intelligent incubator in neonatal care. We selected the period from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, where there were 100 full-term and premature babies born in a hospital and transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) within 1 hour after birth. Before the improved heat preservation, 100 full-term infants in the control group and 100 full-term infants in the intervention group of the intelligent warming box were formed into a full-term infant group for a comparative study. Statistics and comparison of the two groups of term infants and premature infants admitted to the hospital were carried out to assess body temperature and the changes in the incidence of each system. The research found that on comparison of admission body temperature between the control group and the intervention group, with the intervention group in the intelligent heating box, the incidence of hypothermia was significantly lower than that of the control group (95% vs. 37% of full-term infants; 98% vs. 49% of premature babies; there is a statistical significance ( P < 0.05 )). The intelligent heating box can reduce the fluctuation of the newborn’s body temperature, keep the internal environment of newborns stable, and provide suitable conditions for the rapid growth of newborns, suitable for clinical promotion and application.

scholarly journals Malocclusion Traits and Orthodontic Treatment Needs in Prematurely Born Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 786-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte Paulsson ◽  
Björn Söderfeldt ◽  
Lars Bondemark
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Deep Bite ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Gestational Week

Abstract Objective: To evaluate if prematurely born children have higher prevalence of malocclusion traits and greater orthodontic treatment need than matched full-term born controls. Materials and Methods: Seventy-three preterm children were selected from the Medical Birth Register and divided into two subgroups according to their gestational age. One group consisted of 37 very preterm children (VPT), born in gestational week 29–32, and the other of 36 extremely preterm children (EPT), born before the 29th gestational week. The subjects were compared with a control group of 41 full-term children, who were matched for sex, age, and nationality. Data from clinical examinations, study casts, and panoramic radiographs were used to determine malocclusion traits. The dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) was used to rank the treatment need. Results: Two or more malocclusion traits occurred significantly more often among EPT (83.3%) and VPT children (73.0%), compared with the full-term children (51.2%). Significantly higher prevalence of deep bites and was found in EPT and VPT groups compared with the full-term control group. Deep bite was the most common malocclusion trait in the EPT and VPT group. Higher orthodontic treatment need was found for the preterm children but no differences in prevalence of malocclusion traits and treatment need were found between VPT and EPT children. Conclusion: The clinician should be aware of the potential for a higher number of malocclusion traits and greater orthodontic treatment need in prematurely born children compared with full-term children.

Do Mainstream Schoolchildren Who Were Born Preterm Have Motor Problems?

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Foulder-Hughes ◽  
Richard Cooke ◽  
Lynda Foulder-Hughes ◽  
Richard Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Motor Problems ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
Developmental Test ◽  
Motor Difficulties

Children who are born preterm now have improved survival chances owing to major changes in obstetric and neonatal intensive care. Previous studies have indicated that such children who are attending mainstream school have an increased risk of long-term motor impairment when compared with those who were born at full term. The present study describes the motor outcome in a geographically defined population born at or below 32 weeks of gestational age, alongside a group of full-term children who were matched for age, gender and school. Motor skills were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC) and the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI), in addition to a detailed perinatal history. A total of 280 preterm children were assessed alongside 210 controls. There were highly statistically significant differences between the preterm and full-term cohorts on both the Movement ABC (p<0.001, Mann-Whitney U) and the VMI (p<0.001, independent sample t-test), with the preterm group performing considerably worse than their peers. Using the 5th percentile on the Movement ABC, 30.7% of the preterm group were impaired compared with 6.7% of the controls. Occupational therapists may find increased referral levels of preterm children because of motor difficulties and associated functional problems.

scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of a New Biodegradable Periodontal Chip Containing Thymoquinone in a Chitosan Base for the Management of Chronic Periodontitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad H. Al-Bayaty ◽  
Azwin A. Kamaruddin ◽  
Mohd. A. Ismail ◽  
Mahmood A. Abdulla
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Periodontal Probing ◽  
Root Planning ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Scaling And Root Planning

Objective.This study was performed to develop a biodegradable periodontal chip containing thymoquinone and to evaluate its effectiveness for managing chronic periodontitis.Methods.Chips were formulated from thymoquinone and chitosan. Twelve patients with periodontal pockets measuring ≥5 mm participated in this study. Overall, 180 periodontal pockets were evaluated. At day zero, all patients were treated with full-mouth scaling and root planning. Periodontal pockets were divided into three groups. Group one served as the control group, while group two received plain chitosan chips. Group three received chips containing thymoquinone. Plaque index, bleeding upon probing, periodontal probing pocket depths, and clinical attachment levels were recorded at days 0 and 60.Results.The statistical significance of differences was tested with a paired samplet-test, a Chi-squared test, and a one-way ANOVA. The results indicated significant improvement in plaque index and bleeding upon probing and a reduction in periodontal pockets from baseline in all four groups(P<0.05). Gains in clinical attachment levels were significantly higher(P<0.005)in the group receiving thymoquinone chips compared to other groups.Conclusion.Periodontal chips containing thymoquinone can be used as adjuncts for the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis.

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