scholarly journals Seroprevalence against Rickettsia and Borrelia Species in Patients with Uveitis: A Prospective Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kim B. Madsen ◽  
Katarina Wallménius ◽  
Åke Fridman ◽  
Carl Påhlson ◽  
Kenneth Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Prospective Survey ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Risk Factor ◽  
Vector Borne

Vector-borne diseases such as Lyme borreliosis and rickettsioses have been associated with ocular inflammation. Our aim was to study patients with diagnosed uveitis to evaluate serological signs of infection or exposure to these tick-borne agents. Forty-eight patients were prospectively examined with serology together with medical records and a questionnaire concerning previous exposure, diseases, and treatments. Seven patients (14.6%) showed seroconversion to Rickettsia spp. between acute and convalescent phase sera, which provides support for a positive Rickettsia diagnosis according to guidelines. The specificity was confirmed by Western blot. Additional 28 patients had stationary titres of which eight (16.6%) had 1 : 256 or higher titre in the first serum, and another 13 patients were seronegative. No epidemiological risk factor or marker could be identified. For Borrelia, only three patients showed moderate IgG titres. A control group of 100 blood donors, 60 patients with rheumatic disease, and 56 patients seeking medical care were tested of which 2.0–7.1% showed low anti-Rickettsia titres and 3.0–8.3% anti-Borrelia titres. The findings are indicative for an association between infection or exposure to Rickettsia spp. and uveitis with a seropositivity among patients with recurrent uveitis in concordance with the spread of rickettsial exposure in a tick-exposed population.

scholarly journals Dilemma in laboratory diagnosis of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushtaque Ahmed ◽  
Nabeela Mahboob ◽  
Kazi Taib Mamun ◽  
Hasina Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Vector Borne

Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika are the vector-borne diseases that constitute a potential epidemiological risk due to the recent increase in cases, complications, and severity. The co-circulation of the three diseases is a matter of public health interest due to their transmission by the same vector as well as the increase in the number of cases of severe dengue hemorrhagic fever, post-chikungunya chronic joint disease and microcephaly related to Zika virus. Therefore, it is important to be familiar with the various clinical presentations and laboratory methods to make the differential diagnosis, start appropriate treatment, and prevent the associated complications. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2019; 30(2) : 83-92

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ON KNOWLEDGE OF SELECTED VECTOR BORNE DISEASES AMONG THE SELF HELP GROUPS

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 015-018
Author(s):  
Neethu Maria Babu ◽  
Shashidara Y N. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
Health Teaching

AbstractThe study is conducted to assess the effect of community participation on knowledge of selected vector borne diseases among the self help groups. The sample include eight self help groups having 10 members each, with 40 in the experimental and control group each. Research approach was quantitative-evaluative approach and design used was quasi experimental pre test post test control group design. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, the health teaching by the researcher was given to selected members of self help groups with a duration of 45 minutes and in the phase 2, these trained members gave health teaching to the other members of the self help groups. A leaflet was given to the control group. The post test knowledge was assessed over a period of 7 to 9 days after the intervention in both the phases. The community participation has found to be effective with a p value of.001. The study concluded that the community participation was effective in terms of knowledge gain.

scholarly journals Young and Old Sugar Apple (Annona squamosa Linn) Leaf Extracts As an Aedes aegypti Larva Insecticide

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Khair ◽  
Noraida Noraida
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vector Borne

Vector-borne diseases are still a health problem in some tropical countries. One vector-borne disease is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). DHF never decreases and even tends to continue to increase, and many cause deaths in children, 90% of them attack children under 15 years. DHF cases in 2018 amounted to 65,602 cases, with 467 deaths (CFR = 0.71%). The behavior of holding water in various places such as tubs and tendons indirectly creates a breeding place for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The use of chemicals as insecticides can cause the death of non-target animals, environmental pollution, and the occurrence of vector resistance to insecticides. Therefore it is necessary to do other methods including the use of vegetable insecticides. Sugar apple leaves can be used to kill Aedes aegypti larvae. Sugar apple leaves will obtain throughout the year. The purpose of this study is to know the ability of young and old sugar apple leaves to kill Aedes aegypti larvae. This type of research is a posttest only control group design. The study sample was part of the Aedes aegypti larvae on the final instar III. The experiment to kill Aedes aegypti larvae use two types of sugar apple leaf extract, namely young and old sugar apple leaves with nine treatments four replications. Each treatment consisted of 25 larvae. The research results show There was no significant difference in the number of dead larvae using either extracts from young sugar apple leaves or old sugar apple leaves. LC90 of sugar apple leaf extract was between 0.05632 to 0.08324% and the effective residual age at LC90 (0.06568%) with the death of Aedes aegypti larvae was 92% over 24 hours (1 day).

Expression of MicroRNA of Macrophages Infected with Attenuated Leishmania major Parasite

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Feiz Haddad ◽  
Hossein Rezvan ◽  
Alireza Nourian ◽  
Habib Habibpour
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Objective Leishmaniasis has been proposed as one of the neglected vector-borne diseases due to an obligate intracellular parasite of the genus Leishmania. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) with a length of 22-nucleotide are known as the noncoding small RNAs. MiRNAs contribute to many biological and cellular approaches. Therefore, the present study evaluated expressing mmu-miR-721, mmu-miR-294–3p, mmu-miR-155–3p, and mmu-miR-30a in murine macrophages infected with attenuated Leishmania major parasites on 3 days after infection. Methods Attenuated promastigotes have been achieved after 20 passages of Leishmania major parasites. Cell line J774A.1 (murine macrophage) has been used for in vitro experiments. The stationary phase of attenuated L. major promastigotes has been chosen to infect the cells, and then their incubation has been performed with 5% CO2 at 37°C for 3 days. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has also been performed with SYBR Green master-mix Kit for measuring the level of mmu-miR-721, mmu-miR-294–3p, mmu-miR-30a, and mmu-miR-155-3p expression. Uninfected macrophages have been considered as a control group. Results Real-time PCR demonstrated overexpression of mmu-miR-155-3p, mmu-miR-294–3p, and, mmu-miR-721 in the infected cells with Leishmania parasites after 3 days. Results showed no statistically significant difference in the mmu-miR-30a expression between infected macrophages and the uninfected control group. Conclusion Our findings suggested the significant contribution of the alterations in the miRNA levels to the regulation of macrophage functions following the creation of intracellular parasites like Leishmania. These data could help to understand better the genes' expression in the host cells in the course of leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Oxidative status and lipid profile in mono- and co-infection with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 797-801
Author(s):  
Mehmet Gultekin ◽  
Kerem Ural ◽  
Serdar Pasa ◽  
Canberk Balikci ◽  
Gamze Sevri Ekren Asici
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Vector Borne

Vector-borne diseases in dogs are a major health problem of zoonotic importance. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is one of the most common vector-borne infections in dogs. Co-infections with vectorborne diseases are reported to cause more severe pathological effects than mono-infections. The current study investigates the effects of mono- and co-infections with CME on oxidative status and lipid profiles in dogs. Dogs with vector-borne diseases were divided into two groups, mono-infected (n = 22) and co-infected (n = 23) with CME, and compared to a healthy group (n = 20). Double and triple co-infections with other vector-borne diseases included A. phagocytophilum, L. infantum, and D. immitis. The serum lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, and triglycerides) and the total and individual markers of oxidative status (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), paraoxonase (PON-1), and arylesterase (ARE)) were evaluated. Significant decreases in PON-1 and ARE enzyme activities and HDL concentration, as well as increases in TOS level, MDA, LDL, and triglyceride concentrations were determined in both mono- and co-infected groups compared to the healthy control group. No significant differences between the groups were found in the TAC level or cholesterol concentration. In conclusion, alterations in lipid profile and increase in oxidative stress were observed in dogs with CME compared to the healthy control group, however, no significant differences were detected between mono- and co-infected dogs. ...

scholarly journals Thrombocyte indices in dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum

2014 ◽  
pp. 4277-4288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Özata ◽  
Kerem Ural
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vector Borne

ABSTRACTObjectives. In the present study alterations in trombocyte numbers and trombocyte indices were investigated in 51 dogs naturally infected with E. canis and/or A. phagocytophilum. Achieved results were compared to those of 20 healty dogs comprising control group. Materials and methods. Naturally occuring vector borne diseases were diagnosed by use of a canine point-of-care ELISA kit (Snap 4Dx, Idexx). Dogs were enrolled into 3 groups as follows; II. group involved A. phagocytophilum infected dogs (n=10), III. group (n=13) E. canis+ A. phagocytophilum co-infected, and IV. group (n=28) E. canis infected dogs. Healthy controls (n=20) were enrolled in group I. Results. Mean PLT counts were significantly decreased in II., III. and IV. groups (159.6±63.5, 142.3±44.3, 148.7±33.5, respectively) in comparison to control group (370.4±28.6) (p≤0.01). Mean PCT values in groups II., III. and IV. (0.1530±0.590, 0.1531±0.0441, 0.1450±0.314, respectively) were significantly decreased in contrast to control group (0.3695±0.0283) (p≤0.01). Between PLT and PCT values, statistically significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) (r=0.988, 0.990 and 0.981, respectively) was evident among groups II., III. and IV. Conclusions. Infected dogs showed significant alterations (p≤0.01) among mean PLT and PCT values and a positive correlation was evident between those 2 parameters (p≤0.01), whereas alterations on mean MPV and PDWc were not statistically significant. Finally it was suggested that according to the aforimentioned results, PLT and PCT values may be used as valuable parameters for diagnosis and probably for monitorization and prognosis in infected dogs with Ehrlichiosis and/or Anaplasmosis

The Spread of Mosquito Borne Disease – Is Climate Change Beginning to Bite?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
John (Luke) Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

The author considers the threat to vector-borne diseases in the light of climate change.

The Scientific Basis for the Prevention of Zooanthroponoze Vector-Borne Diseases Spread by Parasitic Arthropods of the Center of the East European Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Vasilevich ◽  
Anna M. Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

Current Challenges in the Development of Vaccines and Drugs Against Emerging Vector-borne Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 2974-2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
New Host ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Living Organisms

Vectors are living organisms that transmit infectious diseases from an infected animal to humans or another animal. Biological vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sand flies carry pathogens that multiply within their bodies prior to delivery to a new host. The increased prevalence of Vector-Borne Diseases (VBDs) such as Aedes-borne dengue, Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), malaria, Tick-Borne Disease (TBD), and scrub typhus has a huge impact on the health of both humans and livestock worldwide. In particular, zoonotic diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks place a considerable burden on public health. Vaccines, drugs, and vector control methods have been developed to prevent and treat VBDs and have prevented millions of deaths. However, development of such strategies is falling behind the rapid emergence of VBDs. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to fighting VBDs must be considered immediately. In this review, I focus on the challenges posed by emerging outbreaks of VBDs and discuss available drugs and vaccines designed to overcome this burden. Research into promising drugs needs to be upgraded and fast-tracked, and novel drugs or vaccines being tested in in vitro and in vivo models need to be moved into human clinical trials. Active preventive tactics, as well as new and upgraded diagnostics, surveillance, treatments, and vaccination strategies, need to be monitored constantly if we are to manage VBDs of medical importance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document