scholarly journals Acinetobacter baumanniiLipopolysaccharide Influences Adipokine Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Unno ◽  
Yoshinori Sato ◽  
Satoshi Nishida ◽  
Akiyo Nakano ◽  
Ryuichi Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adipocyte Cell

Acinetobacter baumanniiis one of the most important nosocomial opportunistic pathogen worldwide. In addition, obesity has been associated with an increased risk of nosocomial infection, suggesting that there may be an association betweenA. baumanniiand white adipose tissue. However, the effects ofA. baumanniion adipocytes have not been well studied at the molecular level. Here, we investigated the potential role ofA. baumannii-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as signaling molecules that affect adipocyte functionality. We tested the effect of increasing concentrations ofA. baumannii-derived LPS (10, 100, or 1000 ng/mL) on the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line. Exposure to LPS was found to increase the expression of several adipokines (e.g., MIP-2, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, lipocalin-2, and FABP4) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and significantly reduced the expression of leptin and adiponectin. The effects ofA. baumannii-derived LPS on MIP-2 expression were similar in comparison with that of LPS prepared fromPseudomonas aeruginosaandEscherichia coliin our cell culture-based system. This study suggests thatA. baumannii-derived LPS functions as a signaling molecule that impacts the inflammatory function of white adipose tissue on the level of gene expression.

scholarly journals Epigenetics of aging and disease: a brief overview

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Pagiatakis ◽  
Elettra Musolino ◽  
Rosalba Gornati ◽  
Giovanni Bernardini ◽  
Roberto Papait
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Different Tissues

AbstractAging is an important risk factor for several human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders, resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors (e.g., diet, smoking, obesity and stress), which, at molecular level, cause changes in gene expression underlying the decline of physiological function. Epigenetics, which include mechanisms regulating gene expression independently of changes to DNA sequence, regulate gene expression by modulating the structure of chromatin or by regulating the binding of transcriptional machinery to DNA. Several studies showed that an impairment of epigenetic mechanisms promotes alteration of gene expression underlying several aging-related diseases. Alteration of these mechanisms is also linked with changes of gene expression that occurs during aging processes of different tissues. In this review, we will outline the potential role of epigenetics in the onset of two age-related pathologies, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Reduced SCD1 activity alters markers of fatty acid reesterification, glyceroneogenesis, and lipolysis in murine white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (3) ◽  
pp. C295-C304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Dragos ◽  
Karl F. Bergeron ◽  
Frédérik Desmarais ◽  
Katherine Suitor ◽  
David C. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Specific Regulation

White adipose tissue (WAT) has a critical role in lipid handling. Previous work demonstrated that SCD1 is an important regulator of WAT fatty acid (FA) composition; however, its influence on the various interconnected pathways influencing WAT lipid handling remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the role of SCD1 on WAT lipid handling using Scd1 knockout (KO) mice and SCD1-inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocytes by measuring gene, protein, and metabolite markers related to FA reesterification, glyceroneogenesis, and lipolysis. Triacylglycerol (TAG) content was higher in inguinal WAT (iWAT) from KO mice compared with wild-type, but significantly lower in epididymal WAT (eWAT). The SCD1 desaturation index was decreased in both WAT depots in KO mice. FA reesterification, as measured with a NEFA:glycerol ratio, was reduced in both WAT depots in KO mice, as well as SCD1-inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Pck1, Atgl, and Hsl gene expression was reduced in both WAT depots of KO mice, while Pck2 and Pdk4 gene expression showed depot-specific regulation. Pck1, Atgl, and Hsl gene expression was reduced, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein content was ablated, in SCD1-inhibited adipocytes. Our data provide evidence that SCD1 has a broad impact on WAT lipid handling by altering TAG composition in a depot-specific manner, reducing FA reesterification, and regulating markers of lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis.

Role of hormone-sensitive lipase in β-adrenergic remodeling of white adipose tissue

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (5) ◽  
pp. E1188-E1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio P. Mottillo ◽  
Xiang Jun Shen ◽  
James G. Granneman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Inflammatory Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Gene ◽  
Hormone Sensitive

Free fatty acids (FFA) are important extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules and are thought to be involved in β-adrenergic-induced remodeling of adipose tissue, which involves a transient inflammatory response followed by mitochondrial biogenesis and increased oxidative capacity. This work examined the role of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), a key enzyme of acylglycerol metabolism, in white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling using genetic inactivation or pharmacological inhibition. Acute treatment with the β3-adrenergic agonist CL-316,243 (CL) induced expression of inflammatory markers and caused extravasation of myeloid cells in WAT of wild-type (WT) mice. HSL-knockout (KO) mice had elevated inflammatory gene expression in the absence of stimulation, and acute injection of CL did not further recruit myeloid cells, nor did it further elevate inflammatory gene expression. Acute pharmacological inhibition of HSL with BAY 59-9435 (BAY) had no effect on inflammatory gene expression in WAT or in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, BAY prevented induction of inflammatory cytokines by β-adrenergic stimulation in WAT in vivo and in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Chronic CL treatment stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis, expanded oxidative capacity, and increased lipid droplet fragmentation in WT mice, and these effects were significantly impaired in HSL-KO mice. In contrast to HSL-KO mice, mice with defective signaling of Toll-like receptor 4, a putative FFA receptor, showed normal β-adrenergic-induced remodeling of adipose tissue. Overall, results reveal the importance of HSL activity in WAT metabolic plasticity and inflammation.

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation and Treg/Th17 Imbalance in the Impaired Glucose Metabolism of Children with Obesity

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Stefania Croce ◽  
Maria Antonietta Avanzini ◽  
Corrado Regalbuto ◽  
Erika Cordaro ◽  
Federica Vinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Immune Monitoring ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽  
T Cell Infiltration

In the last few decades, obesity has increased dramatically in pediatric patients. Obesity is a chronic disease correlated with systemic inflammation, characterized by the presence of CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration and modified immune response, which contributes to the development of obesity related diseases and metabolic disorders, including impaired glucose metabolism. In particular, Treg and Th17 cells are dynamically balanced under healthy conditions, but imbalance occurs in inflammatory and pathological states, such as obesity. Some studies demonstrated that peripheral Treg and Th17 cells exhibit increased imbalance with worsening of glucose metabolic dysfunction, already in children with obesity. In this review, we considered the role of adipose tissue immunomodulation and the potential role played by Treg/T17 imbalance on the impaired glucose metabolism in pediatric obesity. In the patient care, immune monitoring could play an important role to define preventive strategies of pediatric metabolic disease treatments.

scholarly journals Emerging Roles for Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Prostate Cancer Malignant Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5560
Author(s):  
Alejandro Álvarez-Artime ◽  
Belén García-Soler ◽  
Rosa María Sainz ◽  
Juan Carlos Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Endocrine Organs

In addition to its well-known role as an energy repository, adipose tissue is one of the largest endocrine organs in the organism due to its ability to synthesize and release different bioactive molecules. Two main types of adipose tissue have been described, namely white adipose tissue (WAT) with a classical energy storage function, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) with thermogenic activity. The prostate, an exocrine gland present in the reproductive system of most mammals, is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) that contributes to maintaining glandular homeostasis in conjunction with other cell types of the microenvironment. In pathological conditions such as the development and progression of prostate cancer, adipose tissue plays a key role through paracrine and endocrine signaling. In this context, the role of WAT has been thoroughly studied. However, the influence of BAT on prostate tumor development and progression is unclear and has received much less attention. This review tries to bring an update on the role of different factors released by WAT which may participate in the initiation, progression and metastasis, as well as to compile the available information on BAT to discuss and open a new field of knowledge about the possible protective role of BAT in prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of aging and aerobic capacity on energy metabolism–related metabolites of serum, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihui Zhuang ◽  
Sira Karvinen ◽  
Timo Törmäkangas ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Ojanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

AbstractAerobic capacity is a strong predictor of longevity. With aging, aerobic capacity decreases concomitantly with changes in whole body metabolism leading to increased disease risk. To address the role of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction on metabolism, we utilized rat models selectively bred for low and high intrinsic aerobic capacity (LCRs/HCRs) and compared the metabolomics of serum, muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT) at two time points: Young rats were sacrificed at 9 months of age, and old rats were sacrificed at 21 months of age. Targeted and semi-quantitative metabolomics analysis was performed on the ultra-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. The effects of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction were studied via regression analysis. Our results showed that high aerobic capacity is associated with an accumulation of isovalerylcarnitine in muscle and serum at rest, which is likely due to more efficient leucine catabolism in muscle. With aging, several amino acids were downregulated in muscle, indicating more efficient amino acid metabolism, whereas in WAT less efficient amino acid metabolism and decreased mitochondrial β-oxidation were observed. Our results further revealed that high aerobic capacity and aging interactively affect lipid metabolism in muscle and WAT, possibly combating unfavorable aging-related changes in whole body metabolism. Our results highlight the significant role of WAT metabolism for healthy aging.

scholarly journals MED19 Regulates Adipogenesis and Maintenance of White Adipose Tissue Mass by Mediating PPARγ-Dependent Gene Expression

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 108228 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dean ◽  
Anyuan He ◽  
Min Tan ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Dongliang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document