scholarly journals Functional Capacity and Motor Performance of Upper Limbs in Individuals with Cerebellar Disorders: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vivian Farahte Giangiardi ◽  
Sandra Maria Sbeghen F. de Freitas ◽  
Flávia P. de Paiva Silva ◽  
Renata Morales Banjai ◽  
Sandra Regina Alouche
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Cerebellar Disease ◽  
Initial Direction ◽  
Cerebellar Disorder ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cerebellar Disorders

In simple daily activities carried out by the upper limbs, the cerebellum is responsible for the adaptations required for the accurate movement based on previous experiences and external references. This paper aims to characterize the performance of the upper limbs after a cerebellar disease. We evaluated the digital and handgrip strength, dexterity, and function of the upper limbs. The motor performance of the upper limbs was assessed through the use of a digitizing tablet by performing aiming movements with the upper limb most affected by cerebellar disease and the paired limb of the healthy group. The results showed differences between groups: the cerebellar group had higher latency to movement onset, was slower, and presented less smooth trajectories and higher initial direction errors. Moreover, the movement direction influenced the peak velocity and the smoothness for both groups (contralateral directions were slower and less smooth). We concluded that cerebellar disorder leads to movement planning impairment compromising the formulation of an internal model. Alterations on movement execution seem to be a consequence from disruptions in the anticipatory model, leading to more adaptations. These findings are compatible with the roles of the cerebellum on the control of voluntary movement.

scholarly journals Physical and functional performance assessment in pediatric oncology: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine Söntgerath ◽  
Julia Däggelmann ◽  
Sabine V. Kesting ◽  
Corina S. Rueegg ◽  
Torge-Christian Wittke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Research indicates reduced physical performance from diagnosis into survivorship of pediatric cancer patients. However, there is no systematic information or guideline available on the methods to assess physical performance and function in this population. The purpose was to systematically compile and describe assessments of physical performance and function in patients and survivors of pediatric cancer, including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, speed, balance, flexibility, functional mobility, gait and motor performance test batteries. Methods We searched the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Database and performed abstract and full-text selection of 2619 articles according to the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews. Information on patients characteristics, assessments, information on validity and reliability, and relevant references was extracted. Results In summary, 63 different assessments were found in 149 studies including 11639 participants. Most studies evaluated cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength with the majority conducted off treatment. Some outcomes (e.g. speed) and diagnoses (e.g. neuroblastoma) were severely underrepresented. With the exception of gait, leukemia patients represented the largest group of individuals tested. Conclusions Insufficient data and patient heterogeneity complicate uniform recommendations for assessments. Our results support researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate assessment to meet their specific research questions or individual daily practice needs. Impact This systematic review includes 149 studies and provides a comprehensive summary of 63 assessments to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, speed, balance, flexibility, functional mobility, gait or motor performance test batteries in patients and survivors of pediatric cancer. We present the most studied fields within the pediatric cancer population, which are cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength, off treatment phase, and leukemia patients. We propose research priorities by identification of subgroups in terms of cancer type, phase of treatment, and outcome of interest that are underrepresented in studies currently available.

Intensive coordinative training improves motor performance in degenerative cerebellar disease

Neurology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (22) ◽  
pp. 1823-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ilg ◽  
M. Synofzik ◽  
D. Brotz ◽  
S. Burkard ◽  
M. A. Giese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Cerebellar Disease

scholarly journals Maturational stages: comparison of growth and physical capacity indicators in adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Carla Monteiro Pinto ◽  
Petrus Gantois Massa Dias dos Santos ◽  
Rafaela Catherine Da Silva Cunha de Medeiros ◽  
Francisco Emílio Simplício Souza ◽  
Thaisys Blanc dos Santos Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Maturational Stage

Introduction: The identification of physical capacity is an important marker related to healthy behavior during childhood and adolescence, in which some factors appear to contribute to motor performance such as maturation and hormonal levels. Objective: To compare growth indicators, physical capacity and hormonal markers according to gender and maturational stage in adolescents. Methods: Eighty-nine adolescents of both genders aged 10-13 years participated in the study. Sexual maturation was evaluated using the Tanner’s self-evaluation method. Physical capacity (explosive strength of upper and lower limbs, upper limb velocity and agility) and hormonal markers (testosterone and estradiol) were evaluated through the chemiluminescence method. Results: In the comparison by gender, girls had higher weight (p = 0.023), height (p = 0.018) and fat percentage values (p = 0.001), while boys presented better motor performance for the explosive strength of upper limbs (p = 0.005) and lower limbs (p = 0.011), agility (0.018) and upper limb velocity (p = 0.014). Regarding maturational stage, boys did not present differences in any variable analyzed; (Stage V versus I), height (stage III, IV and V versus I) and upper limb explosive strength (stage III and IV versus I). Conclusion: Growth, weight and height, as well as explosive strength of upper limbs were higher in girls at more advanced maturational stages and appear to be gender dependent.

scholarly journals Prospective association between handgrip strength and cardiac structure and function in UK adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0193124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian E. Beyer ◽  
Mihir M. Sanghvi ◽  
Nay Aung ◽  
Alice Hosking ◽  
Jackie A. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Motor learning reveals the existence of multiple codes for movement planning

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 2708-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd E. Hudson ◽  
Michael S. Landy
Keyword(s):  
Target Location ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Circular Distribution ◽  
Movement Vector ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Position Code ◽  
Identical Task

Coordinate systems for movement planning are comprised of an anchor point (e.g., retinocentric coordinates) and a representation (encoding) of the desired movement. One of two representations is often assumed: a final-position code describing desired limb endpoint position and a vector code describing movement direction and extent. The existence of movement-planning systems using both representations is controversial. In our experiments, participants completed reaches grouped by target location (providing practice for a final-position code) and the same reaches grouped by movement vector (providing vector-code practice). Target-grouped reaches resulted in the isotropic (circular) distribution of errors predicted for position-coded reaches. The identical reaches grouped by vector resulted in error ellipses aligned with the reach direction, as predicted for vector-coded reaches. Manipulating only recent movement history to provide better learning for one or the other movement code, we provide definitive evidence that both movement representations are used in the identical task.

scholarly journals Association of Physical Activity, Muscle Mass, Strength, and Function to Quality of Life in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
Murad Taani ◽  
Chi Cho ◽  
Julie Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Mental Hrqol ◽  
And Function

Abstract Physical inactivity and loss of muscle mass, strength, and function are associated with negative outcomes including disability and a decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older adults. Older adults living in continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) are at greater risk for declining physical activity and muscle outcomes compared to community-dwelling older adults. Few researchers studying the association of muscle and physical activity have examined the distinction between physical and mental HRQoL. Understanding the differential association of physical and mental HRQoL to physical activity and muscle outcomes can inform the development of useful interventions. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between physical activity, muscle mass, strength, function and physical and mental HRQoL. Using a descriptive, correlational design, 105 older adults living in CCRCs were recruited. Light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), sedentary behavior, and steps per day were assessed using ActiGraph GT3X. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy, handgrip strength with JAMAR Smart Hand Dynamometer, muscle function with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test, and physical and mental HRQoL with the SF-36 questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 83 (SD=7.4). Using multiple regression models adjusted for sex and age, steps per day and SPPB score explained 38.4 % of the variance in physical HRQoL. Handgrip strength explained 8 % of the variance in mental HRQoL. These findings suggest that QoL improvement programs should include components to improve physical activity, muscle strength and function.

LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN MUSCLE MASS AND FUNCTION IN OLDER MEN AT INCREASED RISK FOR SARCOPENIA – THE FrOST-STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
W. Kemmler ◽  
S. von Stengel ◽  
D. Schoene
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
And Function

Background: Declines in muscle mass and function are inevitable developments of the advanced aging process. Corresponding dimensions of longitudinal changes in at-risk populations are still scarce although clinically relevant. The present study monitored changes in morphologic and functional sarcopenia criteria related to sarcopenia in older men with low muscle mass over a period of 24 months. Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to determine whether changes in muscle mass and function were comparable across the body. Our hypothesis was that both (1) fat free mass (FFM) and (2) function decline at a significantly higher rate in the lower versus the upper extremities. Design: We conducted an observational study of 24 months. Setting: Community dwelling men living in the area of Northern Bavaria were initially included in the Franconian Sarcopenic Obesity (FranSO) study by the Institute of Medical Physics University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Participants: One hundred and seventy-seven (177) men (77.5±4.5 years) within the lowest skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) quartile of the FranSO study were included in the present 24 month analysis. Measurements: Fat free mass (direct-segmental, multi-frequency Bio-Impedance-Analysis (DSM-BIA)), handgrip strength (hand-dynamometer) and 10-m habitual gait velocity (photo sensors) were assessed at baseline and 24-month follow-up. Results: Lower extremity fat free mass (LEFFM: -2.0±2.4%), handgrip strength (-12.8±11.0%) and gait velocity (-3.5±9.0%) declined significantly (p<.001) during the follow-up period, while upper extremity FFM was maintained unchanged (UEFFM: 0.1±3.1%). Changes in LEFFM were significantly higher (p<.001) compared with UEFFM, however contrary to our expectation the decline in handgrip strength representing upper extremity muscle function was 3.7-fold higher (p<.001) than the decline in gait velocity. Conclusion: Medical experts involved in diagnosis, monitoring and management of sarcopenia should consider that parameters constituting morphologic and functional sarcopenia criteria feature different rates of decline during the aging process.

scholarly journals Demography and Function of Children with Limb Loss

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yiİĝiİter ◽  
Ö. Ülger ◽  
G. Şener ◽  
S. Akdoğan ◽  
F. Erbahçecî ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Limb Loss ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Congenital Limb ◽  
And Function ◽  
Functional Gait

This retrospective study was designed for the period 1982 – 2002 to collect the basic data on the demography, level and side of the amputation, involved limbs, age, gender, and prosthetic functional level in children with limb loss. A total of 232 children were assessed through their prosthetic records. Seventy-two percent (195 children) presented lower-limb involvement, and 28% (77 children) had upper-limb loss. The age of the children varied between 1 and 15 years with a mean age of 9.90 ± 2.32 years. Results of the study revealed that the leading amputation cause in children was congenital limb absence. The most frequent levels were determined as trans-tibial and trans-radial in lower and upper limbs, respectively. Findings showed that more boys (60%) were affected, and 84% of all amputations were found to be unilateral. It was also seen that right-side amputations (54%) were more common than left-side amputations (46%). The outcome of the study showed that 96% of children with lower-limb loss reached a functional gait pattern without any aids, while the percentage of independence in activities of daily living was found to be 88% in upper-limb loss.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of Threonine Supplementation in Human Spasticity

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barbeau ◽  
M. Roy ◽  
C. Chouza
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Pyramidal Tract ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Muscle Spasms ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Observation Period

ABSTRACT:Threonine supplementation (500 mg/day) was given to 6 patients with genetic spasticity syndromes for a period of 12 months, followed by a 4-month observation period without medication. All 6 patients showed partial improvement of spasticity, intensity of knee jerks and muscle spasms without changes in true pyramidal tract signs. The improvement in motor performance, objectively measured, averaged 29% (19% in upper limbs and 42% in lower limbs). The range of overall improvement was 19–35% (7–30% for upper limbs; 25–67% for lower limbs). No toxic clinical or biochemical side effects were encountered. Thus threonine, a precursor of glycine, produced the same effect on spasticity than that previously observed with glycine. It is concluded that threonine supplementation is feasible and safe and that it deserves a controlled trial in well defined (preferably genetic) cases of spasticity.

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