scholarly journals Study of the Dynamic Uptake of Free Drug and Nanostructures for Drug Delivery Based on Bioluminescence Measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhongjian Fang ◽  
Houchao Xu ◽  
Xiangjun Ji ◽  
Congbiao Liu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Multicellular Tumor Spheroid ◽  
The Past ◽  
Loading Methods ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Liposomal Drugs ◽  
Great Growth

The past two decades have witnessed the great growth of the development of novel drug carriers. However, the releasing dynamics of drug from drug carriers in vivo and the interactions between cells and drug carriers remain unclear. In this paper, liposomes were prepared to encapsulate D-luciferin, which was the substrate of luciferase and served as a model drug. Based on the theoretical calculation of active loading, methods of preparation for liposomes were optimized. Only when D-luciferin was released from liposomes or taken in by the cells could bioluminescence be produced under the catalysis of luciferase. Models of multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) were built with 4T1-luc cells that expressed luciferase stably. The kinetic processes of uptake and distribution of free drugs and liposomal drugs were determined with models of cell suspension, monolayer cells, MCTS, and tumor-bearing nude mice. The technology platform has been demonstrated to be effective for the study of the distribution and kinetic profiles of various liposomes as drug delivery systems.

scholarly journals Nucleic Acid Delivery with Red-Blood-Cell-Based Carriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5264
Author(s):  
Giulia Della Pelle ◽  
Nina Kostevšek
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Nucleic Acid Delivery ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Loading Methods ◽  
Poor Stability

Gene therapy has the potential to become a staple of 21st-century medicine. However, to overcome the limitations of existing gene-delivery therapies, that is, poor stability and inefficient and delivery and accumulation of nucleic acids (NAs), safe drug-delivery systems (DDSs) allowing the prolonged circulation and expression of the administered genes in vivo are needed. In this review article, the development of DDSs over the past 70 years is briefly described. Since synthetic DDSs can be recognized and eliminated as foreign substances by the immune system, new approaches must be found. Using the body’s own cells as DDSs is a unique and exciting strategy and can be used in a completely new way to overcome the critical limitations of existing drug-delivery approaches. Among the different circulatory cells, red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant and thus can be isolated in sufficiently large quantities to decrease the complexity and cost of the treatment compared to other cell-based carriers. Therefore, in the second part, this article describes 70 years of research on the development of RBCs as DDSs, covering the most important RBC properties and loading methods. In the third part, it focuses on RBCs as the NA delivery system with advantages and drawbacks discussed to decide whether they are suitable for NA delivery in vivo.

scholarly journals Overview and Update on Methods for Cargo Loading into Extracellular Vesicles

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Yohan Han ◽  
Timothy W. Jones ◽  
Saugata Dutta ◽  
Yin Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Loading Methods ◽  
Novel Drug

The enormous library of pharmaceutical compounds presents endless research avenues. However, several factors limit the therapeutic potential of these drugs, such as drug resistance, stability, off-target toxicity, and inadequate delivery to the site of action. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles and are naturally released from cells. Growing evidence shows that EVs have great potential to serve as effective drug carriers. Since EVs can not only transfer biological information, but also effectively deliver hydrophobic drugs into cells, the application of EVs as a novel drug delivery system has attracted considerable scientific interest. Recently, EVs loaded with siRNA, miRNA, mRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, proteins, or therapeutic drugs show improved delivery efficiency and drug effect. In this review, we summarize the methods used for the cargo loading into EVs, including siRNA, miRNA, mRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, proteins, and therapeutic drugs. Furthermore, we also include the recent advance in engineered EVs for drug delivery. Finally, both advantages and challenges of EVs as a new drug delivery system are discussed. Here, we encourage researchers to further develop convenient and reliable loading methods for the potential clinical applications of EVs as drug carriers in the future.

A Review on Fast Dissolving Tablet

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar T. Malsane ◽  
Smita S. Aher ◽  
R. B. Saudagar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Orally Disintegrating Tablets ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Oral route is presently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most economical and most convenient method of drug delivery resulting in highest patient compliance. Over the past three decades, orally disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have gained considerable attention due to patient compliance. Usually, elderly people experience difficulty in swallowing the conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, solutions and suspensions because of tremors of extremities and dysphagia. In some cases such as motion sickness, sudden episodes of allergic attack or coughing, and an unavailability of water, swallowing conventional tablets may be difficult. One such problem can be solved in the novel drug delivery system by formulating “Fast dissolving tablets” (FDTs) which disintegrates or dissolves rapidly without water within few seconds in the mouth due to the action of superdisintegrant or maximizing pore structure in the formulation. The review describes the various formulation aspects, superdisintegrants employed and technologies developed for FDTs, along with various excipients, evaluation tests, marketed formulation and drugs used in this research area.

The Potential of Milk-derived Exosomes for Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyuan Li ◽  
Yue Tang ◽  
Yushun Dou
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Loading Methods

Background: Exosomes, one of the extracellular vesicles, are widely present in all biological fluids and play an important role in intercellular communication. Because of its hydrophobic lipid bilayer and aqueous hydrophilic core structure, it is considered a possible alternative to liposome drug delivery systems. Not only do they protect the cargo like liposomes during delivery, they are less toxic and better tolerated. However, due to the lack of sources and methods for obtaining enough exosomes, the therapeutic application of exosomes as drug carriers is limited. Methods: A literature search was performed using the ScienceDirect and PubMed electronic databases to obtain information from published literature on milk exosomes related to drug delivery. Results: Here, we briefly reviewed the current knowledge of exosomes, expounded the advantages of milk-derived exosomes over other delivery vectors, including a higher yield, the oral delivery characteristic and additional therapeutic benefits. The purification and drug loading methods of milk exosomes, and the current application of milk exosomes were also introduced. Conclusion: The emergence of milk-derived exosomes is expected to break through the limitations of exosomes as therapeutic carriers of drugs. We hope to raise awareness of the therapeutic potential of milk-derived exosomes as a new drug delivery system.

scholarly journals Effect of Poly(L-lysine) and Heparin Coatings on the Surface of Polyester-Based Particles on Prednisolone Release and Biocompatibility

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Mohamed ◽  
Viktor Korzhikov-Vlakh ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
André Said ◽  
Iuliia Pilipenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Testing Strategy ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Permeability Assay

A plethora of micro- and nanoparticle types are currently investigated for advanced ocular treatment due to improved drug retention times, higher bioavailability and better biocompatibility. Yet, comparative studies of both physicochemical and toxicological performance of these novel drug delivery systems are still rare. Herein, poly(L-lactic acid)- and poly(ε-caprolactone)-based micro- and nanoparticles were loaded with prednisolone as a model drug. The physicochemical properties of the particles were varied with respect to their hydrophilicity and size as well as their charge and the effect on prednisolone release was evaluated. The particle biocompatibility was assessed by a two-tier testing strategy, combining the EpiOcularTM eye irritation test and bovine corneal opacity and permeability assay. The biodegradable polyelectrolyte corona on the particles’ surface determined the surface charge and the release rate, enabling prednisolone release for at least 30 days. Thereby, the prednisolone release process was mainly governed by molecular diffusion. Finally, the developed particle formulations were found to be nontoxic in the tested range of concentrations.

Near-infrared persistent luminescence hollow mesoporous nanospheres for drug delivery and in vivo renewable imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (48) ◽  
pp. 7845-7851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junpeng Shi ◽  
Meng Sun ◽  
Xia Sun ◽  
Hongwu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Template Method ◽  
Persistent Luminescence ◽  
Deep Tissue ◽  
Large Capacity

Near-infrared persistent luminescence hollow mesoporous nanospheres have been synthesized via a template method. These nanospheres can be used as large capacity drug carriers and realize super long-term and high sensitivity tracking of drug delivery in deep tissue.

The Blood-Brain Barrier and Brain Drug Delivery

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2712-2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Koziara ◽  
P. R. Lockman ◽  
D. D. Allen ◽  
R. J. Mumper
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Targeting ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain

The present report encompasses a thorough review of drug delivery to the brain with a particular focus on using drug carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles. Challenges in brain drug delivery arise from the presence of one of the strictest barriers in vivo—the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This barrier exists at the level of endothelial cells of brain vasculature and its role is to maintain brain homeostasis. To better understand the principles of brain drug delivery, relevant knowledge of the blood-brain barrier anatomy and physiology is briefly reviewed. Several approaches to overcome the BBB have been reviewed including the use of carrier systems. In addition, strategies to enhance brain drug delivery by specific brain targeting are discussed.

Development and evaluation of a novel drug delivery: Soluplus®/TPGS mixed micelles loaded with piperine in vitro and in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1409-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Ding ◽  
Changyuan Wang ◽  
Yutong Wang ◽  
Youwei Xu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mixed Micelles ◽  
Novel Drug

In vivo drug delivery efficiency of albumin-encapsulated liposomes as hydrophobic drug carriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Okamoto ◽  
Kazuaki Taguchi ◽  
Mina Sakuragi ◽  
Shuhei Imoto ◽  
Keishi Yamasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Hydrophobic Drug ◽  
Delivery Efficiency

scholarly journals Development of Antibody–Oligonucleotide Complexes for Targeting Exosomal MicroRNA

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asako Yamayoshi ◽  
Shota Oyama ◽  
Yusuke Kishimoto ◽  
Ryo Konishi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Functional Inhibition ◽  
Novel Drug Delivery System ◽  
Exosomal Mirna ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Exosomal Microrna

MicroRNAs in exosomes (exosomal miRNAs) are considered as significant targets for cancer therapy. Anti-miR oligonucleotides are often used for the functional inhibition of miRNAs; however, there are no studies regarding the regulation of exosomal miRNA functions. In this study, we attempted to develop a novel drug delivery system using anti-exosome antibody–anti-miR oligonucleotide complexes (ExomiR-Tracker) to hijack exosomes to carry anti-miR oligonucleotides inside exosome-recipient cells. We found that ExomiR-Tracker bound to the exosomes, and then the complexes were introduced into the recipient cells. We also found that anti-miR oligonucleotides introduced into the recipient cells can exhibit inhibitory effects on exosomal miRNA functions in vitro and in vivo. We believe that our strategy would be a promising one for targeting exosomal miRNAs.

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