scholarly journals Effects of White Wine Consumption on Weight in Rats: Do Polyphenols Matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marija Milat ◽  
Ivana Mudnić ◽  
Ivica Grković ◽  
Nikola Ključević ◽  
Mia Grga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Wine Polyphenols

Introduction. Effects of white wine and the role of wine polyphenols on weight gain in rats of different age were examined in the 4-week-voluntary-consumption trial.Methods and Materials. Biochemically characterized standard (low polyphenols, W) and macerated (high polyphenolic content, PW) white wines were compared. One- and three-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats (n=78) were used. Each age group was subdivided into water-only-drinking controls (C), W, and PW-drinking animals. Daily wine and total liquid consumption, food intake, and body weight were measured, and energy intake and feed efficiency index were calculated.Results. In both age categories, wine-drinking animals consumed less food and gained less weight in comparison to C (181 ± 2, 179 ± 6, and 201 ± 5 in younger animals and 32 ± 5, 28 ± 6, and 47 ± 4 grams in older animals, resp.), regardless of wine type. Total energy intake was the lowest in PW-drinking animals.Conclusion. Wine-drinking animals gained less weight in comparison to C, regardless of the wines’ polyphenol content. Although our results are indicative of the major role of nonphenolic constituents of the wines (probably ethanol), the modifying role of wine phenolics on weight gain cannot be excluded as the group consuming PW had lower total energy intake than other groups.

scholarly journals Food insecurity and patterns of dietary intake in a sample of UK adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Jackie Shinwell ◽  
Melissa Bateson ◽  
Daniel Nettle ◽  
Gillian V. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Variable Time ◽  
Important Health

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the dietary-intake correlates of food insecurity in UK adults. We recruited groups of low-income participants who were classified as food insecure (n = 196) or food secure (n = 198). Participants completed up to five 24h dietary recalls. There was no difference in total energy intake by food insecurity status (βFI = −0.06, 95% CI −0.25 to 0.13). Food insecure participants consumed a less diverse diet, as evidenced by fewer distinct foods per meal (βFI = −0.27, 95% CI −0.47 to −0.07), and had more variable time gaps between meals (βFI = 0.21, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.41). These associations corresponded closely to those found in a recent U.S. study using similar measures, suggesting that the dietary intake signature of food insecurity generalizes across populations. The findings suggest that the consequences of food insecurity for weight gain and health are not due to increased energy intake. We suggest that there may be important health and metabolic effects of temporal irregularity in dietary intake, which appears to be an important component of food insecurity.

scholarly journals Long-Term Change in both Dietary Insulinemic and Inflammatory Potential Is Associated with Weight Gain in Adult Women and Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred K Tabung ◽  
Ambika Satija ◽  
Teresa T Fung ◽  
Steven K Clinton ◽  
Edward L Giovannucci
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Weighted Sums ◽  
Baseline Body Mass Index ◽  
Adult Women

ABSTRACT Background The influence of long-term dietary patterns on weight gain and the underlying potential biological mechanisms are not fully understood. Objective We prospectively examined the association of changes in 2 empirical hypothesis-oriented dietary patterns (insulinemic and inflammatory) and weight gain over 24 y at 4-y intervals. Methods We followed 54,397 women in the Nurses’ Health Study and 33,043 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986–2010), and computed the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) scores from food frequency questionnaires administered every 4 y. Both scores are weighted sums of 18 food groups, which characterize dietary insulinemic or inflammatory potential based on plasma levels of insulin response or inflammatory biomarkers. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regression to examine 4-y changes in the dietary scores and weight change within the same period. Results The mean baseline body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2) was 25.4. Compared with participants who made minimal dietary changes (quintile 3) over 6 4-y periods; participants who changed their diets toward lower insulinemic or inflammatory potential (quintile 1) gained significantly less weight (in kilograms per 4 y) independent of total energy intake, BMI, physical activity, and smoking status: EDIH: −0.65 (95% CI: −0.73, −0.57), EDIP: −0.29 (−0.37, −0.21) among women; and EDIH: −0.60 (−0.71, −0.49), EDIP: −0.19 (−0.27, −0.07) among men. In contrast, those who changed their diets toward higher insulinemic or inflammatory potential (quintile 5) gained significantly more weight: EDIH: 0.43 (0.36, 0.51), EDIP: 0.15 (0.07, 0.23) among women; and EDIH: 0.49 (0.38, 0.59), EDIP: 0.22 (0.11, 0.33) among men (P-trend < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Associations were stronger among individuals who were overweight or obese, younger, less physically active, and had never smoked. Conclusions High dietary insulinemic and inflammatory potential is associated with substantial long-term weight gain in adult men and women independent of total energy intake. Dietary patterns with low insulinemic and inflammatory potential may aid in weight gain prevention.

Maternal ethanol ingestion and somatostatin level and binding in developing rat brain

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. E758-E763
Author(s):  
V. Barrios ◽  
M. N. Rodriguez-Sanchez ◽  
M. Hernandez ◽  
E. Arilla
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Ethanol Ingestion ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ethanol Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Frontoparietal Cortex ◽  
Receptor Number

The effect of maternal ethanol ingestion on 125I-labeled [Tyr11]somatostatin (SS) binding and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in the rat frontoparietal cortex and hippocampus of developing offspring was explored. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given ethanol in the drinking water before pregnancy, during gestation, and while nursing, whereas controls received a standard diet and fresh water ad libitum. In the ethanol group, food intake decreased as ethanol consumption augmented, with the ethanol calories comprising greater than 30% of the total energy intake during pregnancy. Total energy intake was similar for the ethanol group and normal controls. Maternal alcohol ingestion is associated with an enhanced SLI level in the frontoparietal cortex and hippocampus on the day of birth. This study provided evidence of a selective decrease in SS receptor binding in frontoparietal cortex but not in hippocampus in the 0- to 10-day-old offspring of the ethanol-fed rats. The SS receptor number increased from day 0 to 10 in both control and ethanol groups. However, the affinity appeared to decrease significantly in the ethanol group during this period. At day 30, no differences were found between offspring of control and ethanol-treated rats in any of the parameters. These results suggest that the development of SS receptors in the rat frontoparietal cortex can be transitorily delayed by maternal ethanol ingestion.

scholarly journals The diet of individuals: a study of a randomly-chosen cross section of British adults in a Cambridgeshire village

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Bingham ◽  
N. I. McNeil ◽  
J. H. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Daily Intakes

1. The dietary intakes of sixty-three adults, randomly-selected from the electoral role of a large village near Cambridge, have been measured using the weighed-intake technique for 7 d.2. Mean (±sD) daily intakes (g) for men and women respectively were: energy (MJ) 10.0±2.4, 8.2±2.1; fat 104±27,90±21; protein 77±20,67± 16; carbohydrate 285±81,229±74; sucrose 91±47, 57±33.3. When interviewed at the end of the study 40% of subjects said they were watching their weight.4. Women ate less food over all than men, and proportionately less potato and bread, and used only one-third as much sugar in drinks, probably in an attempt to control their weight. Men took considerably more alcohol than the women. In the age-group 20–39 years alcohol provided 9% (1.0 MJ/d) of the total energy intake in the men.5. Wide variation in the intake of nutrients was observed amongst the individuals. For vitamin C and fibre intake this was partly explained by seasonal variation but for most nutrients total energy intake and food choice were the main determinants. The range. of intakes of nutrients such as fat was similar in these individuals to that seen amongst countries internationally. It is suggested that if differences in nutrient intake amongst the various populations of the world can be associated with disease risk, then the same interpretation should be possible in individuals.

scholarly journals The role of eating frequency on total energy intake and diet quality in a low-income, racially diverse sample of schoolchildren

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Whitney Evans ◽  
Paul F Jacques ◽  
Gerard E Dallal ◽  
Jennifer Sacheck ◽  
Aviva Must
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
School Age ◽  
Elementary School Age

AbstractObjectiveThe relationship of meal and snacking patterns with overall dietary intake and relative weight in children is unclear. The current study was done to examine how eating, snack and meal frequencies relate to total energy intake and diet quality.DesignThe cross-sectional associations of eating, meal and snack frequencies with total energy intake and diet quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005), were examined in separate multivariable mixed models. Differences were examined between elementary school-age participants (9–11 years) and adolescents (12–15 years).SettingTwo non-consecutive 24 h diet recalls were collected from children attending four schools in the greater Boston area, MA, USA.SubjectsOne hundred and seventy-six schoolchildren, aged 9–15 years.ResultsOverall, 82 % of participants consumed three daily meals. Eating, meal and snack frequencies were statistically significantly and positively associated with total energy intake. Each additional reported meal and snack was associated with an 18·5 % and a 9·4 % increase in total energy intake, respectively (P<0·001). The relationships of eating, meal and snack frequencies with diet quality differed by age category. In elementary school-age participants, total eating occasions and snacks increased HEI-2005 score. In adolescents, each additional meal increased HEI-2005 score by 5·40 points (P=0·01), whereas each additional snack decreased HEI-2005 score by 2·73 points (P=0·006).ConclusionsFindings suggest that snacking increases energy intake in schoolchildren. Snacking is associated with better diet quality in elementary school-age children and lower diet quality in adolescents. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of snacking in excess weight gain in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Sources of excessive saturated fat, trans fat and sugar consumption in Brazil: an analysis of the first Brazilian nationwide individual dietary survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosangela A Pereira ◽  
Kiyah J Duffey ◽  
Rosely Sichieri ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the patterns of consumption of foods high in solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS) in Brazil.DesignCross-sectional study; individual dietary intake survey. Food intake was assessed by means of two non-consecutive food records. Foods providing >9·1 % of energy from saturated fat, or >1·3 % of energy from trans fat, or >13 % of energy from added sugars per 100 g were classified as high in SoFAS.SettingBrazilian nationwide survey, 2008–2009.SubjectsIndividuals aged ≥10 years old.ResultsMean daily energy intake was 8037 kJ (1921 kcal), 52 % of energy came from SoFAS foods. Contribution of SoFAS foods to total energy intake was higher among women (52 %) and adolescents (54 %). Participants in rural areas (43 %) and in the lowest quartile of per capita family income (43 %) reported the smallest contribution of SoFAS foods to total energy intake. SoFAS foods were large contributors to total saturated fat (87 %), trans fat (89 %), added sugar (98 %) and total sugar (96 %) consumption. The SoFAS food groups that contributed most to total energy intake were meats and beverages. Top SoFAS foods contributing to saturated fat and trans fat intakes were meats and fats and oils. Most of the added and total sugar in the diet was supplied by SoFAS beverages and sweets and desserts.ConclusionsSoFAS foods play an important role in the Brazilian diet. The study identifies options for improving the Brazilian diet and reducing nutrition-related non-communicable chronic diseases, but also points out some limitations of the nutrient-based criteria.

scholarly journals Role of Ventromedial Hypothalamus in Sucrose-Induced Obesity on Metabolic Parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312110057
Author(s):  
Archana Gaur ◽  
G.K. Pal ◽  
Pravati Pal
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Significant Weight Gain ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Obesity is because of excessive fat accumulation that affects health adversely in the form of various diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and many other disorders. Our Indian diet is rich in carbohydrates, and hence the sucrose-induced obesity is an apt model to mimic this. Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is linked to the regulation of food intake in animals as well as humans. Purpose: To understand the role of VMHin sucrose-induced obesity on metabolic parameters. Methods: A total of 24 adult rats were made obese by feeding them on a 32% sucrose solution for 10 weeks. The VMH nucleus was ablated in the experimental group and sham lesions were made in the control group. Food intake, body weight, and biochemical parameters were compared before and after the lesion. Results: Male rats had a significant weight gain along with hyperphagia, whereas female rats did not have a significant weight gain inspite of hyperphagia. Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia were seen in both the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: A sucrose diet produces obesity which is similar to the metabolic syndrome with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, and a VMH lesion further exaggerates it. Males are more prone to this exaggeration.

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