scholarly journals MicroRNAs Involvement in Radioresistance of Head and Neck Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parwez Ahmad ◽  
Jiri Sana ◽  
Marek Slavik ◽  
Pavel Slampa ◽  
Pavel Smilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Dna Damage And Repair ◽  
Rna Molecules

Resistance to the ionizing radiation is a current problem in the treatment and clinical management of various cancers including head and neck cancer. There are several biological and molecular mechanisms described to be responsible for resistance of the tumors to radiotherapy. Among them, the main mechanisms include alterations in intracellular pathways involved in DNA damage and repair, apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis. It has been found that regulation of these complex processes is often controlled by microRNAs. MicroRNAs are short endogenous RNA molecules that posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression and their deregulated expression has been observed in many tumors including head and neck cancer. Specific expression patterns of microRNAs have also been shown to predict prognosis and therapeutic response in head and neck cancer. Therefore, microRNAs present promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets that might overcome resistance to radiation and improve prognosis of head and neck cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the functional role of microRNAs in radioresistance of cancer with special focus on head and neck cancer.

scholarly journals Impacts of Environmental Factors on Head and Neck Cancer Pathogenesis and Progression

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Marisol Miranda-Galvis ◽  
Reid Loveless ◽  
Luiz Paulo Kowalski ◽  
Yong Teng
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
The Impact

Epidemiological and clinical studies over the past two decades have provided strong evidence that genetic elements interacting with environmental components can individually and collectively influence one’s susceptibility to cancer. In addition to tumorigenic properties, numerous environmental factors, such as nutrition, chemical carcinogens, and tobacco/alcohol consumption, possess pro-invasive and pro-metastatic cancer features. In contrast to traditional cancer treatment, modern therapeutics not only take into account an individual’s genetic makeup but also consider gene–environment interactions. The current review sharpens the focus by elaborating on the impact that environmental factors have on the pathogenesis and progression of head and neck cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. Recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives in this area of research are also discussed. Inhibiting key environmental drivers of tumor progression should yield survival benefits for patients at any stage of head and neck cancer.

Molecular mechanisms of head and neck cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marxa L. Figueiredo ◽  
Yong Kim ◽  
Xiaofeng C. Zhou ◽  
Jeffrey N. Myers ◽  
David D.T. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms

scholarly journals Comparison of Whiskbroom and Pushbroom darkfield elastic light scattering spectroscopic imaging for head and neck cancer identification in a mouse model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam C. Bassler ◽  
Mona Stefanakis ◽  
Inês Sequeira ◽  
Edwin Ostertag ◽  
Alexandra Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Elastic Light Scattering ◽  
Proof Of Principle

AbstractThe early detection of head and neck cancer is a prolonged challenging task. It requires a precise and accurate identification of tissue alterations as well as a distinct discrimination of cancerous from healthy tissue areas. A novel approach for this purpose uses microspectroscopic techniques with special focus on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) methods. Our proof-of-principle study presents the implementation and application of darkfield elastic light scattering spectroscopy (DF ELSS) as a non-destructive, high-resolution, and fast imaging modality to distinguish lingual healthy from altered tissue regions in a mouse model. The main aspect of our study deals with the comparison of two varying HSI detection principles, which are a point-by-point and line scanning imaging, and whether one might be more appropriate in differentiating several tissue types. Statistical models are formed by deploying a principal component analysis (PCA) with the Bayesian discriminant analysis (DA) on the elastic light scattering (ELS) spectra. Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and precision values of 98% are achieved for both models whereas the overall specificity results in 99%. An additional classification of model-unknown ELS spectra is performed. The predictions are verified with histopathological evaluations of identical HE-stained tissue areas to prove the model’s capability of tissue distinction. In the context of our proof-of-principle study, we assess the Pushbroom PCA-DA model to be more suitable for tissue type differentiations and thus tissue classification. In addition to the HE-examination in head and neck cancer diagnosis, the usage of HSI-based statistical models might be conceivable in a daily clinical routine. Graphical abstract

Radiation Induced Xerostomia: Current Concepts and Future Trends

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Krishnan ◽  
Satish R Iyer ◽  
Kanti Lal Chakraborti ◽  
Saraswathy Seema ◽  
Tarun Sekhri
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Chemical Derivatives ◽  
Radiation Induced

Radiation induced xerostomia is a persistent clinical presentation that affects the quality of life in head and neck cancer patients even with the best of the intensity modulated radiotherapy protocols. Comprehensive review of the anatomic, histologic, developmental and neuronal entities of salivary glands from a regenerative perspective, ensuing radiation is taken. It also evaluates the systemic and glandular radiation responses that form the early and late clinical changes. From these, the article submits probable strategies; based on the current knowledge and future challenges involved, in reversing radiation induced xerostomia. Further, it elaborates on the status of radioprotectors and mitigators including the recently reported biologic and chemical derivatives and proposes the rationale of using combination radioprotector therapy in radiation injuries. A brief of palliative regimes, alternate treatment modes and technologic advancements in radiotherapy are also explained. Salivary gland histologic components, which need to be protected in the emerging radiotherapy protocols and can be targeted in different salivary gland regeneration therapies is highlighted. The paper contributes to an improved understanding in radiation induced xerostomia and deliberates on novel mechanisms towards enhancing quality of life in head and neck cancer radiotherapy patients.

DNA Damage and Repair of Head and Neck Cancer Cells after Radio- and Chemotherapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 601-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Rusin ◽  
Anna Walczak ◽  
Anita Zwierzchlejska ◽  
Jurek Olszewski ◽  
Alina Morawiec-Bajda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Dna Damage And Repair ◽  
Γ Radiation

DNA repair is critical for successful chemo- and radiotherapy of human tumours, because their genotoxic sensitivity may vary in different types of cancer cells. In this study we have compared DNA damage and the efficiency of its repair after genotoxic treatment with hydrogen peroxide, cisplatin and γ-radiation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Lymphocytes and tissue cells from biopsies of 37 cancer patients and 35 healthy donors as well as the HTB-43 larynx cancer cell line were employed. The cell sensitivity to genotoxic treatment was estimated by the MTT survival assay. The extent of DNA damage and efficiency of its repair was examined by the alkaline comet assay. Among the examined treatments, we found that HNSCC cells were the most sensitive to γ-radiation and displayed impaired DNA repair. In particular, DNA damage was repaired less effectively in cells from HNSCC metastasis than healthy controls. In conclusion, our results suggest that the different genotoxic sensitivity of HNSCC cells may depend on their DNA repair capacity what in turn may be connected with the effectiveness of head and neck cancer therapy.

Oral Pain in the Cancer Patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (53) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel B Epstein ◽  
Christine Miaskowski
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Oral Pain

Abstract Oral pain due to cancer and associated treatments is common. The prevalence and severity of oral cancer is high. Painful oral mucositis develops in head and neck cancer patients following surgery and associated radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. In addition, oral pain, including pain from mucositis, occurs in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancers of the hematopoietic system and cancers at other anatomic sites. Despite pain management practices that include high-dose opioid analgesics, patients rarely obtain relief from either head and neck cancer pain or mucositis pain. Because oral pain in cancer patients is likely due to both nociceptive and neuropathic mechanisms, effective management of pain requires treatments for both processes. As knowledge of the pathophysiology of oral pain in cancer patients increases, new approaches for the prevention and management are anticipated. This article focuses on the emerging evidence that supports the molecular mechanisms and the unique oral micro-neuroanatomy that in combination produce the severe oral pain experienced by cancer patients. In addition, this article summarizes the current state of clinical management of oral mucositis pain.

Erratum: Molecular mechanisms of head and neck cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Marxa L. Figueiredo ◽  
Yong Kim ◽  
Xiaofeng C. Zhou ◽  
Jeffrey N. Myers ◽  
David D.T. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms

scholarly journals The Role of microRNA in Head and Neck Cancer: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

Molecules ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 5704-5716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Courthod ◽  
Pierfrancesco Franco ◽  
Loredana Palermo ◽  
Salvatore Pisconti ◽  
Gianmauro Numico
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge
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