scholarly journals Automated Incident Detection Using Real-Time Floating Car Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Houbraken ◽  
Steven Logghe ◽  
Marco Schreuder ◽  
Pieter Audenaert ◽  
Didier Colle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Incident Detection ◽  
The Road ◽  
Floating Car Data

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of a live Automated Incident Detection (AID) system using only Floating Car Data (FCD) in one of the first large-scale FCD AID field trials. AID systems detect traffic events and alert upcoming drivers to improve traffic safety without human monitoring. These automated systems traditionally rely on traffic monitoring sensors embedded in the road. FCD allows for finer spatial granularity of traffic monitoring. However, low penetration rates of FCD probe vehicles and the data latency have historically hindered FCD AID deployment. We use a live country-wide FCD system monitoring an estimated 5.93% of all vehicles. An FCD AID system is presented and compared to the installed AID system (using loop sensor data) on 2 different highways in Netherlands. Our results show the FCD AID can adequately monitor changing traffic conditions and follow the AID benchmark. The presented FCD AID is integrated with the road operator systems as part of an innovation project, making this, to the best of our knowledge, the first full chain technical feasibility trial of an FCD-only AID system. Additionally, FCD allows for AID on roads without installed sensors, allowing road safety improvements at low cost.

Evaluation of a Low-Cost Program of Road System Traffic Safety Reviews for County Highways

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Ford ◽  
Eugene C. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Rural County ◽  
California Department ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mendocino County ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Road System

Mendocino County is a large rural county in northern California with more than 1,000 centerline miles of county-maintained roads. The terrain is mountainous, with a few small inland valleys. During the 1990s, the Mendocino County Department of Transportation developed a program of road system traffic safety reviews to improve signing and markings on the arterials and collectors in the system. The effectiveness of the program was measured by comparing accident data for the reviewed roads with data for roads not included in, or influenced by, the reviews. To control for different groups of factors, two sets of control roads were selected—county-maintained roads not reviewed and state highways within the county. Over two consecutive 3-year review cycles, the number of accidents on the reviewed roads fell by 42.1%, while on the county-maintained roads not reviewed they increased by 26.5%, and on the state highways they fell by 3.3%. The total cost to conduct the reviews and implement the recommended changes was $ 79,300. The accident histories of the control roads were used to define the limits of the range of probable benefits. On the basis of average accident costs provided by the California Department of Transportation, calculated savings ranged from $ 12.58 million to $23.73 million, yielding a costs-to-benefits ratio between 1:159 and 1:299. The county is expanding the road system traffic safety review program to cover its entire maintained road system.

scholarly journals Raspberry Pi-Based Low-Cost Connected Device for Assessing Road Surface Friction

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miha Ambrož ◽  
Uroš Hudomalj ◽  
Alexander Marinšek ◽  
Roman Kamnik
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
The Road ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
On The Road

Measuring friction between the tyres of a vehicle and the road, often and on as many locations on the road network as possible, can be a valuable tool for ensuring traffic safety. Rather than by using specialised equipment for sequential measurements, this can be achieved by using several low-cost measuring devices on vehicles that travel on the road network as part of their daily assignments. The presented work proves the hypothesis that a low cost measuring device can be built and can provide measurement results comparable to those obtained from expensive specialised measuring devices. As a proof of concept, two copies of a prototype device, based on the Raspberry Pi single-board computer, have been developed, built and tested. They use accelerometers to measure vehicle braking deceleration and include a global positioning receiver for obtaining the geolocation of each test. They run custom-developed data acquisition software on the Linux operating system and provide automatic measurement data transfer to a server. The operation is controlled by an intuitive user interface consisting of two illuminated physical pushbuttons. The results show that for braking tests and friction coefficient measurements the developed prototypes compare favourably to a widely used professional vehicle performance computer.

Before-and-After Empirical Bayes Evaluation of Citywide Installation of Driver Feedback Signs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
Mingjian Wu ◽  
Karim El-Basyouny ◽  
Tae J. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Feedback Sign ◽  
Driver Feedback ◽  
Road Segments

Speeding is a leading factor that contributes to approximately one-third of all fatal collisions. Over the past decades, various passive/active countermeasures have been adopted to improve drivers’ compliance to posted speed limits to improve traffic safety. The driver feedback sign (DFS) is considered a low-cost innovative intervention that is being widely used, in growing numbers, in urban cities to provide positive guidance for motorists. Despite their documented effectiveness in reducing speeds, limited literature exists on their impact on reducing collisions. This study addresses this gap by designing a before-and-after study using the empirical Bayes method for a large sample of urban road segments. Safety performance functions and yearly calibration factors are developed to quantify the sole effectiveness of DFS using large-scale spatial data and a set of reference road segments within the city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Likewise, the study followed a detailed economic analysis based on three collision-costing criteria to investigate if DFS was indeed a cost-effective intervention. The results showed significant collision reductions that ranged from 32.5% to 44.9%, with the highest reductions observed for severe speed-related collisions. The results further attested that the benefit–cost ratios, combining severe and property-damage-only collisions, ranged from 8.2 to 20.2 indicating that DFS can be an extremely economical countermeasure. The findings from this study can provide transportation agencies in need of implementing cost-efficient countermeasures with a tool they need to design a long-term strategic deployment plan to ensure the safety of traveling public.

High precision and high resolution monitoring of subsurface changes with DAS and airgun

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoshan Wang ◽  
Xiangfang Zeng ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yuansheng Zhang ◽  
Zhenghong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable ◽  
The Road ◽  
Air Gun ◽  
Distributed Acoustic Sensing ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Road Crossing

<p>Recently large-volume airgun arrays have been used to explore and monitor the subsurface structure. The airgun array can generate highly repeatable seismic signals, which can be traced to more than 200 km. And the airgun source can be ignited every 10 minutes. The airgun source makes it possible to precisely monitor subsurface changes at large scale. The spatial resolution of airgun monitoring is poor subjecting to the receiver distribution. The distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technique provides a strategy for low-cost and high-density seismic observations. Two experiments combing DAS technique and airgun source were conducted at two sites with different settings. At the first site, a telecommunication fiber-optic cable in urban area was used. After moderate stacking, the airgun signal emerges on the 30-km DAS array at about 9 km epicentral distance. In the second experiment, a 5-km cable was deployed from the airgun source to about 2 km away. About 800-m cable was frozen into the ice above the air-gun, the rest cable was cemented on the road crossing through a fault. And the airgun has been fired continuously for more than 48 hours with one-hour interval. On the stacking multiple shots’ records, the wavefield in fault zone emerges too. These two experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using various fiber-optic cables as dense array to acquire air-gun signal in different environments and to monitor the subsurface changes.</p>

scholarly journals Low-Cost Road Construction and Rehabilitation in Unstable Mountain Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1152-1156
Author(s):  
Manish Jagannath Datar
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety

Abstract: The mountain roads are impacted by social, environmental and economic challenges. The financial management around the road construction and rehabilitation requires fine management and administrative skills to be done effectively by the local and the federal authorities. The objective of this study is to understand the factors affecting the low-cost road construction and rehabilitation in the unstable mountain areas and to analyze the solutions to the specific barriers. The materials and methods used here is a best evidence review focusing on the existing literature that emphasizes on the above-mentioned research problem. Global evidence has been used in order to draw a greater idea and explanation about the research topic. The results focus on the importance of technology leadership, financial management, risk control and mitigation, sociocultural benefits and socioeconomic scalability of the low-cost road construction and rehabilitation projects. The workforce management and stakeholder relations are very important as well for the effective running of the construction projects without any interference. The partnerships between the public and the private organizations is very much vital for ethical and regulatory compliances which is one of the major findings of the study. The sociocultural impact and the road traffic safety considerations are to be assessed properly in order to prevent and mitigate any project risk which is also a very important finding.

scholarly journals Analysis of the advancements in real-life performance of highly automated vehicles' with regard to the road traffic safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 05003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Matysiak ◽  
Paula Razin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the analysis of the performance of the vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS) which were tested in real-life road conditions from 2015 to 2017 in the state of California. It aims at the effort to assess the impact on the road safety the continuous technological advancements in driving automation might have, based on of the first large-scale, real-life test deployments. Vehicle manufacturers and other stakeholders testing the highly automated vehicles in California are obliged to issue yearly reports which provide an insight on the test scale as well as the technology maturity. The so-called 'disengagement reports' highlight the range and number of control takeovers between the ADS and driver, which are made either based on driver's decision or information provided by the vehicle itself. The analysis of these reports allowed to investigate the development made in automated driving technology throughout the years of tests, as well as the direct or indirect influence of the external factors (e.g. various weather conditions) on the ADS performance. The results show that there is still a significant gap in reliability and safety between human drivers and highly automated vehicles which has been yet steadily decreasing due to technology advancements made while driving in the specific infrastructure and traffic conditions of California.

Non-destructive and effective bridge monitoring through fast-falling weight deflectometer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Lucio Puppio ◽  
Fausto Mistretta ◽  
Mauro Coni ◽  
Mauro Sassu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Falling Weight Deflectometer ◽  
The Road ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Falling Weight ◽  
Soil Instability ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Non Destructive

<p>Recent collapses due to hydrogeological soil instability caused by extreme climate events recall the attention on a large-scale monitoring of the road infrastructures, particularly bridges and viaducts. Several studies focus the attention on both hydraulic and structural issues. In-depth systematic investigations do not suit this purpose because of time and cost investments usually carried out from local authorities. Increasing needs of available fast, low cost and reliable methods to investigate the performance of the road and bridges pushed towards new applications. The use of Fast-Falling Weight Deflectometer, conceived for airport pavements, is here applied as a non-destructive test to evaluate the stiffness of the deck and embankment of a bridge. The- Fast Falling Weight Deflectometer can produce a broadband, constant and replicable dynamic force, providing data in real time. An experimental campaign is here described on a case study of single span bridge.</p>

Navigation Sensor Data Fusion for the AUV Remus

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Fulton ◽  
Christopher J. Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Data Fusion ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Sensor Data Fusion ◽  
Acoustic Navigation ◽  
Using Data

The development of a navigation sensor data fusion algorithm for the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Remus is described. Remus is a small, low-cost AUV designed and built at the Ocean Systems Laboratory of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. The navigation sensors for Remus include an acoustic navigation system, a Doppler velocity sonar, and a compass. The data from these sensors are integrated in an extended Kalman filter, with the objective of producing a more accurate vehicle track. Postprocessing results using data from two recent field trials are presented.

scholarly journals A sensor data fusion-based locating method for large-scale metrology

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Andrea Rega ◽  
Ferdinando Vitolo ◽  
Stanislao Patalano ◽  
Salvatore Gerbino
Keyword(s):  
Data Fusion ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Sensor Data Fusion ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Handling Device ◽  
Scanning Systems

<p class="Abstract">The measurement of geometric and dimensional variations in the context of large-sized products is a complex operation. One of the most efficient ways to identify deviations is by comparing the nominal object with a digitalisation of the real object through a reverse engineering process. The accurate digitalisation of large geometric models usually requires multiple acquisitions from different acquiring locations; the acquired point clouds must then be correctly aligned in the 3D digital environment. The identification of the exact scanning location is crucial to correctly realign point clouds and generate an accurate 3D CAD model.</p>To achieve this, an acquisition method based on the use of a handling device is proposed that enhances reverse engineering scanning systems and is able to self-locate. The present paper tackles the device’s locating problem by using sensor data fusion based on a Kalman filter. The method was first simulated in a MatLAB environment; a prototype was then designed and developed using low-cost hardware. Tests on the sensor data fusion have shown a locating accuracy better than that of each individual sensor. Despite the low-cost hardware, the results are encouraging and open to future improvements

scholarly journals Security analysis of mobile crowd sensing applications

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsikak P. Owoh ◽  
M. Mahinderjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Security Scheme ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Crowd Sensing ◽  
Encryption And Authentication

The proliferation of mobile phones with integrated sensors makes large scale sensing possible at low cost. During mobile sensing, data mostly contain sensitive information of users such as their real-time location. When such information are not effectively secured, users’ privacy can be violated due to eavesdropping and information disclosure. In this paper, we demonstrated the possibility of unauthorized access to location information of a user during sensing due to the ineffective security mechanisms in most sensing applications. We analyzed 40 apps downloaded from Google Play Store and results showed a 100% success rate in traffic interception and disclosure of sensitive information of users. As a countermeasure, a security scheme which ensures encryption and authentication of sensed data using Advanced Encryption Standard 256-Galois Counter Mode was proposed. End-to-end security of location and motion data from smartphone sensors are ensured using the proposed security scheme. Security analysis of the proposed scheme showed it to be effective in protecting Android based sensor data against eavesdropping, information disclosure and data modification.

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