scholarly journals Combining Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio to Predict Brain Metastasis of Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Chao Bian ◽  
Di Xia ◽  
Jin-Xi He ◽  
Ping Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk

We aimed to evaluate the role of pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting brain metastasis after radical surgery for lung adenocarcinoma patients. The records of 103 patients with completely resected lung adenocarcinoma between 2013 and 2014 were reviewed. Clinicopathologic characteristics of these patients were assessed in the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Brain metastasis occurred in 12 patients (11.6%). On univariate analysis, N2 stage (P = 0.013), stage III (P = 0.016), increased CEA level (P = 0.006), and higher PLR value (P = 0.020) before treatment were associated with an increased risk of developing brain metastasis. In multivariate model analysis, CEA above 5.2 ng/mL (P = 0.014) and PLR ≥ 120 (P = 0.036) remained as the risk factors for brain metastasis. The combination of CEA and PLR was superior to CEA or PLR alone in predicting brain metastasis according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (area under ROC curve, AUC 0.872 versus 0.784 versus 0.704). Pretreatment CEA and PLR are independent and significant risk factors for occurrence of brain metastasis in resected lung adenocarcinoma patients. Combining these two factors may improve the predictability of brain metastasis.

scholarly journals The combination of fibrinogen concentrations and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with EGFR-TKIs

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006052110040
Author(s):  
Qiong He ◽  
Yamin Li ◽  
Xihong Zhou ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
Chunfang Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Egfr Mutant ◽  
Egfr Tkis

Objective This study aimed to identify a predictive marker of response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in patients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Methods A cohort of 190 patients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the optimal cutoffs for fibrinogen levels, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for predicting progression-free survival (PFS). Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to identify factors correlated with PFS and overall survival (OS). Results High NLR was associated with worse performance status. In univariate analysis, fibrinogen levels, NLR, and PLR were correlated with OS and PFS. In multivariate analysis, all three variables remained predictive of OS, whereas only fibrinogen levels and PLR were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Furthermore, the combination of fibrinogen levels and PLR (F-PLR score) could stratify patients into three groups with significantly different prognoses, and the score was independently predictive of survival. Conclusion The F-PLR score predicted the prognosis of patients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma who received EGFR-TKIs, and this score may serve as a convenient blood-based marker for identifying high-risk patients.

scholarly journals A study of risk factors for catheter associated urinary tract infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leelakrishna P. ◽  
Karthik Rao B.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Catheter Size ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are the most common causes of UTIs in postoperative cases. Many risk factors are associated with its incidence. The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the related risk factors and to identify the causative agents contributing to the urinary tract infection.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 210 patients meeting the requirements of inclusion criteria during September 2012 to February 2014. Detailed history of the patients was recorded. Urine culture was done at different time intervals to identify the causative agent suggestive to CAUTI. Univariate analyses of the association of each variable with CAUTI and multivariable logistic regression were done to predict CAUTI outcome.Results: The mean age of study participants was 51.61 years. Among them 141 were males and 69 were female patients. On univariate analysis purpose for urine catheterization, place of catheterization, breach in the closed system of drainage, duration of catheterization, hemoglobin value less than 10, raised renal parameters with serum creatinine more than 1.5 were all significantly associated with development of CAUTI (p value 0.000). Sex of the patient (p value 0.279) and catheter size (p value 0.279) was not found to have a significant correlation with increased risk of CAUTI. On multivariate analysis, age, catheter size, diabetes, duration of catheterization, a breach in the closed system of catheter drainage  and sex were found to be the significant risk factors associated with CAUTI (p<0.05).Conclusion: An understanding of the risk factors in development of CAUTI, significantly helps in reducing the additional burden on the health care system. Measures such as shortening the duration of catheterization, strict control of diabetes and sterile precautions in insertion and maintenance of indwelling catheters can help in prevention CAUTI.

Inflammation-based Indexes Upon Adjuvant Chemotherapy Initiation as a Predictor of Relapse After Curative Resection of Colorectal Cancer With an Oxaliplatin-based Regimen

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
MASAYA SATAKE ◽  
KAZUHIKO YOSHIMATSU ◽  
MASANO SAGAWA ◽  
HAIJIME YOKOMIZO ◽  
SHUNICHI SHIOZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Curative Resection ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Chemotherapy Initiation

Background/Aim: We investigated the clinical efficacy of inflammation-based indexes in predicting unfavourable relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer (CRC) receiving oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 45 patients who underwent curative resection for stage II/III CRC followed by oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy after 8 weeks. Upon adjuvant chemotherapy initiation, all patients were evaluated for lymphocyte count (LC), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), after which their correlation with relapse was analysed. Results: Univariate analysis identified LC <1,350/mm3, NLR ≥2.03, LMR <5.15, PLR ≥209, mGPS 2, and early discontinuation of chemotherapy within two months as significant risk factors for RFS. Multivariate analysis identified LMR <5.15, PLR > 209 and mGPS 2 as significant independent risk factors for unfavourable RFS. Conclusion: Measurement of LMR, PLR, and mGPS upon adjuvant therapy initiation can be a useful tool for predicting recurrence after curative surgery for stage II/III CRC.

scholarly journals Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Head and Neck Cancer: Significance of the Preoperative Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Tham ◽  
Lauren Rahman ◽  
Christina Persaud ◽  
Peter Costantino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Oral Presentation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio

Abstract (250 limit)ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between the preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing major surgery.Study DesignRetrospective cohort studySettingAcademic tertiary hospital from 2011 to 2017Subjects and MethodsPatients with confirmed HNC undergoing major surgery were included in this study. The preoperative PLR was recorded for all patients. Known VTE risk factors, including age, sex, smoking, BMI, prior VTE, and anticoagulation were also recorded. Risk factors were screened in univariate analysis using Wilcoxon’s rank sum test and χ2 test (Bonferroni corrected). Significant covariates were subsequently included in a multivariate regression model. Bootstrap techniques were used to obtain credible confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThere were 306 patients enrolled with 7 cases of VTE (6 DVTs and 1 PE). On univariate analysis, length of stay (p = 0.0026), length of surgery (p = 0.0029), and PLR (p = 0.0002) were founded to have significant associations with VTE. A Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, that yielded an AUROC of 0.905 (95% CI: 0.82 - 0.98). Using an optimized cutoff, the multivariate model showed that length of surgery (β 95% CI: 0.0001 - 0.0006; p = 0.0056), and PLR (β 95% CI: 5.3256 - 5.3868; p < 0.0001) were significant independent predictors of VTE.ConclusionThis exploratory pilot study has shown that PLR offers a potentially accurate risk stratification measure as an adjunct to current tools in VTE risk prediction, without additional cost to health systems.Oral PresentationThis data was presented as an oral presentation at the Annual American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNSF) Meeting, 13th September 2017

scholarly journals EPID-02. HEIGHT AND THE RISK OF MENINGIOMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi74-vi74
Author(s):  
Shlomit Yust-Katz ◽  
Alexandra Amiel ◽  
Ramiz Abu Shkara ◽  
Tali Siegal ◽  
Gilad Twig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract BACKGROUND Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. Risk factors for meningiomas including obesity, height, history of allergy/atopy or autoimmune diseases, have been previously assessed with conflicting results. We reviewed a large cohort of Israeli adolescents in order to assess potential risk factors for the development of meningiomas. METHODS This study analyzed a cohort of 2,035,915 Jewish men and women who underwent obligatory physical examination when aged 16 to 19 years, from 1967 to 2011. Meningioma incidence was identified by linkage to the national cancer registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios for meningioma according to sex, body mass index (BMI), height, history of allergic and autoimmune disease. RESULTS Linkage of the adolescent military database with the Israeli cancer registry identified 480 cases (152 males and 328 females) of meningioma during a follow up of 40,304,078-person years. The median age at diagnosis of meningioma was 42.1 ± 9.4 (range 17.4–62.6). On univariate analysis, only female gender (p< 0.01) and height (p< 0.01) were associated with risk for meningioma in the total study population. When stratified by gender, height remained a significant risk factor only in men. Spline analysis in the men group showed the minimum risk at a height of 1.62 meters and a statistically significant increase in the risk for meningioma at heights taller than 1.85 meters. BMI, past medical history including asthma, diabetes, and atopic and autoimmune diseases, were not associated with meningioma risk. CONCLUSION in this large population study, we found that sex and taller height in adolescent males was associated with an increased risk of adult meningioma.

Brentuximab-induced peripheral neuropathy: Risk factors and patient experiences.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 120-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Nagle ◽  
Lauren E. Strelec ◽  
Alison W. Loren ◽  
Daniel Jeffrey Landsburg ◽  
Sunita Nasta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Brentuximab Vedotin ◽  
Increased Risk

120 Background: Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is an immunoconjugate used in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and other CD30+ lymphomas. The dose-limiting adverse effect is peripheral neuropathy (BIPN). Predictors of BIPN, effect on outcomes, and the biopsychosocial impact are not well defined. Methods: We conducted a single institution, mixed-methods study of lymphoma patients (pts) who received BV between 1/2010 and 5/2016. A retrospective analysis was conducted in all pts; an open-ended survey was given to pts seen in the prior year. A univariate analysis examined the association between BIPN and potential predictors. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated using the Kaplan Meier method. Survey data were analyzed qualitatively via a framework approach. Results: Eighty-nine pts were eligible: 56% were male, 54% had HL, 71% had prior neurotoxic drugs, 93% received single agent BV. The median number of BV doses was 5. Forty-three (48%) pts developed BIPN. It resolved completely in 14 (33%) pts at a median follow-up of 12 mo. The median time to resolution was 13 wks. BV therapy was altered in 21 (24%) pts due to BIPN. There was no difference in PFS (6 vs. 12 mo., p = 0.09) or OS (NR vs. 26 mo., p = 0.11) in pts who had therapy altered due to BIPN. Table 1 lists significant risk factors for BIPN. No additional factors investigated (age, sex, prior neurotoxic agent, underlying neuropathy, diabetes mellitus or BMI) increased risk for BIPN. Fourteen of the 18 (78%) surveyed pts reported BIPN. At a median follow-up of 24 mo., 10 (71%) pts reported ongoing symptoms. BIPN affected quality of life in 50% and work in 20% of pts. Despite significant symptoms from BIPN, all pts were satisfied with their decision to receive BV regardless of disease response. Conclusions: BIPN is a significant adverse event and may fail to resolve in a large subset of pts. Surveyed pts reported that the benefits of BV outweigh the risks. Changes in therapy due to BIPN occur, but this did not affect outcomes in our cohort. Clinicians should be aware of the risk for BIPN and educate pts accordingly. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Significance of EGFR and PTEN Expression and PLR and NLR for Predicting the Prognosis of Epithelioid Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Liang ◽  
Guoqi Zheng ◽  
Wenjie Yin ◽  
Hui Song ◽  
Chunying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelioma ◽  
Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma ◽  
Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio

Objective. The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of EGFR and PTEN in tissues and measure the serum platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to evaluate the prognostic factors of patients with epithelioid malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM). Methods. 33 patients of pathologically diagnosed epithelioid MPeM tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry to detect EGFR and PTEN; the PLR and NLR were determined by using a routine blood test. We analyzed the relationships of these markers to age, sex, asbestos exposure, elevated platelet count, ascites, and clinical stage. Results. EGFR and PTEN expressions were positive in 22 (66.67%) and 7 (21.21%) epithelioid MPeM patients, respectively. However, these two markers as well as PLR and NLR were not significantly associated with age, sex, asbestos exposure, elevated platelet counts, ascites, and clinical stage (P>0.05). The correlation between EGFR and PTEN was negative (r=−0.577, P<0.001), but the correlation between NLR and PLR was positive (r=0.456, P=0.008). The median survival of all patients was 6 months. In univariate analysis, PTEN (P<0.001), PLR (P=0.014), and NLR (P=0.015) affected the overall survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that PTEN and PLR were validated as predictive for overall survival of epithelioid MPeM (HR=0.070, P=0.001, and HR=3.379, P=0.007, respectively). Conclusion. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that PTEN and PLR are risk factors for the prognosis of epithelioid MPeM, which may be targets for selective therapies and improve the outcomes of patients with epithelioid MPeM.

scholarly journals Relationship of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio With Visual Acuity After Surgical Repair of Open Globe Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Mohamed-Noriega ◽  
Alan B. Treviño-Herrera ◽  
Jibran Mohamed-Noriega ◽  
Braulio H. Velasco-Sepúlveda ◽  
Víctor A. Martínez-Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Open Globe

Purpose: To assess the relationship and prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with poor final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after surgical repair of open globe injuries (OGI) in adults.Design: Retrospective analysis of data from an ongoing prospective cohort of consecutive patients.Methods: In a tertiary university hospital, 197 eyes of 197 patients were included between 2013 and 2017. NLR and PLR were obtained from pre-operative blood tests to analyze its relationship with poor final BCVA.Results: Severe visual impairment (SVI) was defined as ≤20/200, and was observed in 96 (48.7%) patients after surgical repair of OGI. SVI patients had higher NLR (7.4 ± 6.6 vs. 4.0 ± 3.2, p &lt; 0.001), and PLR (167 ± 92 vs. 139 ± 64; p = 0.021) than non-SVI. NLR ≥ 3.47 and PLR ≥ 112.2 were the best cut-off values for SVI, were univariate risk factors for SVI, and had sensitivity: 69.0, 71.4, and specificity: 63.6, 44.8, respectively. In multivariate analysis, only OTS, athalamia, and hyphema remained as risk factors. NLR had significant correlation with ocular trauma score (OTS) (r = −0.389, p &lt; 0.001) and final BCVA (r = 0.345, p &lt; 0.001).Limitations: Simultaneous trauma in other parts of the body that could influence the laboratory findings.Conclusion: Patients with SVI after a repaired OGI had increased pre-operative NLR and PLR levels. High NLR and PLR are risk factors for SVI in univariate analysis. It is confirmed that low OTS is a risk factor for SVI. High NLR and PLR could be used as a prognostic tool to identify patients at higher risk for SVI after repair of OGI.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very and Extremely Preterm Infants

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Claudia Ioana Borțea ◽  
Florina Stoica ◽  
Marioara Boia ◽  
Emil Radu Iacob ◽  
Mihai Dinu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants ◽  
Surfactant Administration ◽  
Stage 1

Background and Objectives: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of blindness in preterm infants. We studied the relationship between different perinatal characteristics, i.e., sex; gestational age (GA); birth weight (BW); C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations; ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and surfactant administration; and the incidence of Stage 1–3 ROP. Materials and Methods: This study included 247 preterm infants with gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks that were successfully screened for ROP. Univariate and multivariate binary analyses were performed to find the most significant risk factors for ROP (Stage 1–3), while multivariate multinomial analysis was used to find the most significant risk factors for specific ROP stages, i.e., Stage 1, 2, and 3. Results: The incidence of ROP (Stage 1–3) was 66.40% (164 infants), while that of Stage 1, 2, and 3 ROP was 15.38% (38 infants), 27.53% (68 infants), and 23.48% (58 infants), respectively. Following univariate analysis, multiple perinatal characteristics, i.e., GA; BW; and ventilation, CPAP, and surfactant administration, were found to be statistically significant risk factors for ROP (p < 0.001). However, in a multivariate model using the same characteristics, only BW and ventilation were significant ROP predictors (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Multivariate multinomial analysis revealed that BW was only significantly correlated with Stage 2 and 3 ROP (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), while ventilation was only significantly correlated with Stage 2 ROP (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that GA; BW; and the use of ventilation, CPAP, and surfactant were all significant risk factors for ROP (Stage 1–3), but only BW and ventilation were significantly correlated with ROP and specific stages of the disease, namely Stage 2 and 3 ROP and Stage 2 ROP, respectively, in multivariate models.

scholarly journals Direct Versus Calculated LDL Cholesterol and C-Reactive Protein in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment in the Framingham Offspring Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1102-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Ikezaki ◽  
Virginia A Fisher ◽  
Elise Lim ◽  
Masumi Ai ◽  
Ching-Ti Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Standard Risk

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreases in circulating LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations are significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed direct LDL-C and hsCRP concentrations compared to standard risk factors in the Framingham Offspring Study.METHODSWe used stored frozen plasma samples (−80 °C) obtained after an overnight fast from 3147 male and female participants (mean age, 58 years) free of CVD at cycle 6 of the Framingham Offspring Study. Overall, 677 participants (21.5%) had a CVD end point over a median of 16.0 years of follow-up. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), direct LDL-C (Denka Seiken and Kyowa Medex methods), and hsCRP (Dade Behring method) concentrations were measured by automated analysis. LDL-C was also calculated by both the Friedewald and Martin methods.RESULTSConsidering all CVD outcomes on univariate analysis, significant factors included standard risk factors (age, hypertension, HDL-C, hypertension treatment, sex, diabetes, smoking, and TC concentration) and nonstandard risk factors (non-HDL-C, direct LDL-C and calculated LDL-C, TG, and hsCRP concentrations). On multivariate analysis, only the Denka Seiken direct LDL-C and the Dade Behring hsCRP were still significant on Cox regression analysis and improved the net risk reclassification index, but with modest effects. Discordance analysis confirmed the benefit of the Denka Seiken direct LDL-C method for prospective hard CVD endpoints (new-onset myocardial infarction, stroke, and/or CVD death).CONCLUSIONSOur data indicate that the Denka Seiken direct LDL-C and Dade Behring hsCRP measurements add significant, but modest, information about CVD risk, compared to standard risk factors and/or calculated LDL-C.

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