scholarly journals An Asymptomatic and Overelongated Styloid Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrah Soylu ◽  
Ahmet Altan ◽  
Ahmet Ercan Sekerci ◽  
Nıhat Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

Elongation of the styloid process is a rare condition. Only 4% of patients have clinical symptoms where elongated styloid process (ESP) occasionally irritates or disrupts adjacent anatomical structures, which is called Eagle syndrome. This present report was aimed at reporting an asymptomatic ESP with unusual width and length.

scholarly journals Eagle’s Syndrome: Transoral Styloidectomy a Technique Modification Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Sixth Decade

Eagle’s Syndrome is a rare condition with unknown etiology that mainly affects female patients between the third and sixth decade of life. It was first described in 1937 by Dr. Watt W. Eagle, in a study carried out in a group of patients whose main symptom was cervicopharyngeal pain caused by elongation of the styloid process and/or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament [1]. The diagnosis of this pathology is based on the anamnesis and physical examination together with imaging exams of the patients. Cervicofacial pain, palpation of the styloid process in the tonsillar fossa and limitation in neck mobility are the most classic signs and symptoms of this disease [2]. Due to the nonspecific symptoms present in these patients, this disease is usually underdiagnosed and confused with temporomandibular disorders, cervical myalgias, and even being diagnosed as atypical trigeminal neuralgias [3]. For this reason, clinical examination and imaging exams, are indispensable for the correct diagnosis and evaluation of anatomical structures [3]. We present a case of a woman with a history of eagle syndrome which was diagnosed and treated at the Hospital clinico metropolitano El Carmen Santiago, Chile.

scholarly journals Traumatic Events and Eagle Syndrome: Is There Any Correlation? A Systematic Review

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Sabina Saccomanno ◽  
Vincenzo Quinzi ◽  
Nicola D’Andrea ◽  
Arianna Albani ◽  
Licia Coceani Paskay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament

Background: Eagle syndrome occurs when elongated styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament interfere with the surrounding anatomical structures giving rise to various symptoms. Watt W. Eagle identified two types: stylo-hyoid classic syndrome and stylo-carotid artery syndrome. The aim of this systematic review of the literature is to evaluate correlations between Eagle syndrome and traumatic events or teeth extractions. Methods: out of 294 articles, the final study allowed the identification of 13 studies focusing on traumatic events. Out of 342 articles, the final study allowed the analysis of two studies regarding extractive dental events. Results: 13 articles showed correlations between the onset of symptoms in Eagle syndrome and traumatic events and highlighted two possibilities: traumatic event could fracture the already elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament; trauma itself triggers the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to lengthening of styloid process or calcification of stylohyoid ligament and therefore the typical symptoms. The only two case reports concerning Eagle syndrome symptoms after extractive dental events describe the onset of classic type. Conclusions: The analyzed articles confirm correlation between traumatic event and onset of typical symptoms of Eagle syndrome. There is not enough literature linking extractive dental events to Eagle syndrome. Trial registration: CRD42020185176.

scholarly journals Eagle’s Syndrome as a Cause of Discomfort and the Subjective Presence of a Foreign Body in the Throat

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1832
Author(s):  
Irena Wolińska ◽  
Przemysław Jaźwiec ◽  
Maria Pawłowska ◽  
Paweł Gać ◽  
Rafał Poręba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Foreign Body Sensation ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Body Sensation ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Craniofacial Pain

Eagle syndrome consists of symptoms resulting from the elongation and excessive calcification of the styloid process of the temporal bone and calcification of the ligaments associated with this process. The main symptoms of this syndrome are the feeling of a foreign body in the throat, dysphagia and pain localized in the temporomandibular region, neck and ear. The authors describe the case report of a previously healthy 39-year-old Caucasian male that complained of discomfort and foreign body sensation in his throat. Computed tomography (CT) showed the presence of an elongated styloid process bilaterally with clear predomination at the left side. The patient underwent laryngological and surgical consultation. Due to the lack of symptoms related to the compression of the carotid arteries, no surgery was recommended. In summary, Eagle’s syndrome is a rare condition characterized by craniofacial pain or foreign body sensation that should be considered, especially if the pain is unilateral. CT imaging in his case was a perfect tool and enabled a suitable diagnosis of this rare syndrome.

Eagle Syndrome: an underdiagnosed cause of orofacial pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e238161
Author(s):  
João Ferreira de Barros ◽  
Maria Vieira Rodrigues ◽  
Leonor Aurélio Barroso ◽  
Isabel Cruz Amado
Keyword(s):  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
High Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Body Sensation ◽  
Cervical Approach ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

Eagle Syndrome (ES), also termed stylohyoid syndrome or styloid syndrome, is a rare condition characterised by a cluster of symptoms related to an elongation of the styloid process (SP) of the temporal bone. These may range from mild pharyngeal foreign body sensation and dysphagia to severe orofacial pain. High clinical suspicion is necessary owing to the unspecific clinical picture and limited diagnostic clues. Until a definitive diagnosis is achieved, these patients may develop symptoms which significantly impact their quality of life. The aim of this article is to report a case of ES in which a considerable length of SP was documented. Diagnosis was made years after the initial complaints and several medical workups by different specialties. Surgical resection of the elongated process by cervical approach was the adopted treatment modality. Patient recovery and follow-up was satisfactory, with remission of the afflicting symptoms.

scholarly journals Eagle syndrome as a rare cause of recurrent transient ischemic stroke in Senegal (West Africa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Birame Loum ◽  
Cheikh Ahmedou Lame ◽  
Cheikhna B. Ndiaye ◽  
Kamadore Toure ◽  
Mouhamadou Mansour Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

<p>Eagle syndrome is a rare condition, often characterized by nonspecific symptoms. It is due to an abnormally long or compressive styloid process on surrounding structures. Exceptionally, it can cause neuro-vascular manifestations. We report an observation of Eagle syndrome discovered incidentally in presence of recurrent transient ischemic stroke. A 74-year-old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, was admitted to our department following 4 episodes of transient ischemic stroke with right hemiplegia and aphasia, always rapidly resolving. Head and neck CT scan showed 2 long styloid processes with a marked impingement of the left one against the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Intraoral styloidectomy was performed. The patient recovered fully and remained free of symptoms without neurological impairment, at 6 months. Eagle syndrome is a rare condition which may lead, exceptionally, to repetitive transient ischemic stroke. Surgical styloidectomy must be considered to reduce the risk of new vascular events and prevent serious complications such as dissection of the internal carotid artery.</p>

Entrapment of the glossopharyngeal nerve in patients with Eagle syndrome: surgical technique and outcomes in a series of 5 patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1226-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Shin ◽  
Sebastian R. Herrera ◽  
Paula Eboli ◽  
Sabri Aydin ◽  
Emad H. Eskandar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Glossopharyngeal Nerve ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Operative Indications ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
The Many

Object Eagle syndrome is characterized by unilateral pain in the oropharynx, face, and earlobe, and is caused by an elongated styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament with associated compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve. The pain syndrome may be successfully treated with surgical intervention that involves resection of the styloid process. Although nerve decompression is routinely considered a neurosurgical intervention, Eagle syndrome and its treatment are not sufficiently examined in the neurosurgical literature. Methods A review was performed of cases of Eagle syndrome treated in the Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center over the last 7 years. The clinical characteristics, radiographic imaging, operative indications, procedural details, surgical morbidity, and clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Of the many patients with facial pain treated between 2001 and 2007, 7 were diagnosed with Eagle syndrome, and 5 of these patients underwent resection of the elongated styloid process. There were 4 women and 1 man, ranging in age from 20 to 68 years (mean 43 years). The average duration of disease was 11 years. In all patients, a preoperative workup revealed unilateral or bilateral elongation of the styloid process. All patients underwent resection of the styloid process on the symptomatic side using a lateral transcutaneous approach. There were no surgical complications. All patients experienced pain relief immediately after the operation. At the latest follow-up (average 46 months, range 7 months to 7.5 years) all but 1 patient maintained complete pain relief. In 1 patient, the pain recurred 12 months postoperatively and additional interventions were required. Conclusions Eagle syndrome may be considered an entrapment syndrome of the glossopharyngeal nerve. It is a distinct clinical entity that should be considered when evaluating patients referred for glossopharyngeal neuralgia. The authors' experience indicates that patients with Eagle syndrome may be successfully treated using open resection of the elongated styloid process, which appears to be both safe and effective in terms of long-lasting pain relief.

scholarly journals Internal carotid dissection caused by an elongated styloid process (Eagle syndrome)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (jun11 1) ◽  
pp. bcr2013009878-bcr2013009878 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Sveinsson ◽  
N. Kostulas ◽  
L. Herrman
Keyword(s):  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Carotid Dissection ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

scholarly journals A Case of a Very Elongated Styloid Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117955061772889
Author(s):  
YaLi Liu ◽  
Huaian Yang ◽  
Xiangguo Cui
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
Chinese Woman ◽  
Recurrent Pain ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Frequent Episodes ◽  
Intraoral Approach ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament

Eagle syndrome is characterized by recurrent pain in the oropharynx and face due to an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament. In this article, we experienced a case of an elongated styloid process which is very rare in size and detailed treatment process. The patient was a 53-year-old Chinese woman with a chief complaint of frequent episodes of radiating pain in left preauricular region for 2 years. An intraoral approach was chosen to shorten part of her styloid process, and the chief complaint disappeared immediately after the operation.

scholarly journals Eaglov sindrom

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Gasparini ◽  
Primož Praček ◽  
Jani Muha ◽  
Uroš Tomić
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Computed Tomographic Angiography ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tomographic Angiography

Background: In the present article we present the characteristics of Eagle syndrome, which is an often overlooked cause of chronic pain in the neck and head. The syndrome is caused by the compression of an elongated styloid process on the adjacent cranial nerves or the carotid arteries. Since there are disparate data in the literature regarding the proportion of people with an elongated styloid process, we conducted a survey to determine the percentage of patients with an elongated styloid process in a group of subjects who underwent computed tomographic imaging of the neck vessels in our institution.Methods: We analyzed the images of 104 patients who were referred to our institution for computed tomographic angiography of the neck between the years 2014 and 2016. With the help of a software measurement tool, we determined the length of the styloid processes and compared the length of the processes on both sides and in both genders. Patients with an elongated styloid process were reviewed for any symptoms of Eagle syndrome.Results: The average age of the reviewed patients was 67.1 years. Both genders were equally represented (51 % men and 49 % women). The average length of the styloid process was 23.8 (7.0) mm, with 23 patients (22.1 %) having a styloid process longer than 30 mm. In one third of those patients the styloid process was elongated bilaterally. There were no differences in the average length of the styloid process between men and women and between the left and the right side. Among patients with an elongated styloid process, only one (4.3 %) had symptoms attributable to the Eagle syndrome.Conclusions: Eagle syndrome should be suspected in a patient with repetitive, dull pain in the throat and neck, which worsens during speaking, chewing or swallowing. The diagnosis is confirmed by computed tomography which could demonstrate an elongated styloid process and exclude other causes for neck pain. With regard to the results of our study, an elongated styloid process is found in a relatively high percentage of patients but the condition is only rarely symptomatic.

An overview of Eagle’s syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 204946372096974
Author(s):  
Emma Searle ◽  
Adrian Searle
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Pain Clinics ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament

Eagle’s syndrome is a condition that typically does not present to pain clinics. It consists of an elongated styloid process greater than 25 mm and/or stylohyoid ligament calcification causing an unusual array of symptoms, relating to anatomical involvement. Multiple specialities may be involved with the diagnosis of this rare condition. Three-dimensional reconstructive computed tomographic (CT) scan remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Depending on the presenting symptoms, care should be directed to an appropriate specialist. Pain surrounding Eagle’s syndrome does not typically resolve using simple pharmacological methods. Eagle’s syndrome should remain a diagnosis to be considered when faced with non-resolving head/facial pain.

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