scholarly journals Neutrophilic Inflammation in the Immune Responses of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Lessons from Animal Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Huang ◽  
Xu-Chen Xu ◽  
Jie-Sen Zhou ◽  
Zhou-Yang Li ◽  
Hai-Pin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Neutrophilic Inflammation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, which is characterized by chronic bronchitis, destruction of small airways, and enlargement/disorganization of alveoli. It is generally accepted that the neutrophilic airway inflammation observed in the lungs of COPD patients is intrinsically linked to the tissue destruction and alveolar airspace enlargement, leading to disease progression. Animal models play an important role in studying the underlying mechanisms of COPD as they address questions involving integrated whole body responses. This review aims to summarize the current animal models of COPD, focusing on their advantages and disadvantages on immune responses and neutrophilic inflammation. Also, we propose a potential new animal model of COPD, which may mimic the most characteristics of human COPD pathogenesis, including persistent moderate-to-high levels of neutrophilic inflammation.

scholarly journals Animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. L1-L15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Wright ◽  
Manuel Cosio ◽  
Andrew Churg
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
To Come ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Genetically Modified Animals

The mechanisms involved in the genesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly defined. This area is complicated and difficult to model because COPD consists of four separate anatomic lesions (emphysema, small airway remodeling, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic bronchitis) and a functional lesion, acute exacerbation; moreover, the disease in humans develops over decades. This review discusses the various animal models that have been used to attempt to recreate human COPD and the advantages and disadvantages of each. None of the models reproduces the exact changes seen in humans, but cigarette smoke-induced disease appears to come the closest, and genetically modified animals also, in some instances, shed light on processes that appear to play a role.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance of lung volumes in assessment of reversibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal Agmy ◽  
Manal A. Mahmoud ◽  
Azza Bahaa El-Din Ali ◽  
Mohamed Adam
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Gold Stage ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Background Reversibility measured by spirometry in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as an increase in forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) that is both more than 12% and 200 mL above the pre-bronchodilator value in response to inhaled bronchodilators. FEV1 only may not fully reverberate the changes caused by reduction in air trapping or hyperinflation. To date, the studies that examined the effect of inhaled bronchodilators (BD) on residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC) are limited. This study was carried out to assess the differences between flow and volume responses after bronchodilator reversibility testing in patients with different COPD GOLD stages (GOLD stage I to stage IV). Spirometry and whole body plethysmography were done before and 15 min after inhalation of 400 μg salbutamol. Results Majority (53.3%) of cases were volume responders, 18.7% were flow responders, 20% were flow and volume responders, and 8% were non responders. Significant increase in Δ FEV1% was found in 15% of cases while 55% showed a significant increase in Δ FVC (P= < 0.001). Mean difference of Δ FVC (L) post BD was significantly increased with advancing GOLD stage (P= 0.03). A cutoff point > 20% for Δ RV% had 70% sensitivity and 60% specificity and > 12% for Δ TLC% showed 90% sensitivity and 45% specificity for prediction of clinically significant response to BD based on FEV1. A cutoff point > 18% for Δ RV% had 78% sensitivity and 29% specificity and > 14% for Δ TLC% had 50% sensitivity and 70% specificity for prediction of clinically significant response to BD based on FVC. Conclusion ΔFEV1 underestimates the true effect of bronchodilators with advancing GOLD stage. Measurement of lung volumes in addition to the standard spirometric indices is recommended when determining bronchodilator response in COPD patients.

Increased postabsorptive and exercise-induced whole-body glucose production in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Metabolism ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 957-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frits M.E. Franssen ◽  
Hans P. Sauerwein ◽  
Mariette T. Ackermans ◽  
Erica P.A. Rutten ◽  
Emiel F.M. Wouters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Small airways disease in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 591-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Kyoung Koo ◽  
Dragoş M Vasilescu ◽  
Steven Booth ◽  
Aileen Hsieh ◽  
Orestis L Katsamenis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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