scholarly journals Five Indigenous Plants of Pakistan with Antinociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory, Antidepressant, and Anticoagulant Properties in Sprague Dawley Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Ismail ◽  
Ammara Rasheed ◽  
Ihsan-ul Haq ◽  
Laila Jafri ◽  
Nazif Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Five medicinal plants of Pakistan were investigated for their antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticoagulant potential. Antinociceptive activity was estimated by hot plate and writhing assay. In hot plate assay, Quercus dilatata (52.2%) and Hedera nepalensis (59.1%) showed moderate while Withania coagulans (65.3%) displayed a significant reduction in pain. On the other hand, in writhing assay, Quercus dilatata (49.6%), Hedera nepalensis (52.7%), and Withania coagulans (62.0%) showed comparative less activity. In anti-inflammatory assays crude extracts showed significant edema inhibition in a dose dependent manner. In carrageenan assay, the highest activity was observed for Withania coagulans (70.0%) followed by Quercus dilatata (66.7%) and Hedera nepalensis (63.3%). Similar behavior was observed in histamine assay with percentage inhibitions of 74.3%, 60.4%, and 63.5%, respectively. Antidepressant activity was estimated by forced swim test and the most potent activity was revealed by Withania coagulans with immobility time 2.2s (95.9%) followed by Hedera nepalensis with immobility time 25.3s (53.4%). Moreover, the crude extracts of Fagonia cretica (74.6%), Hedera nepalensis (73.8%), and Phytolacca latbenia (67.3%) showed good anticoagulant activity with coagulation times 86.9s, 84.3s, and 67.5s, respectively. Collectively, the results demonstrate that these five plants have rich medicinal constituents which can be further explored.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF NF-κB, COX-1, COX-2, COMT, IL-10, IL-6 AND TNF-α IN MODULATING ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ENTADA PHASEOLOIDES

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
CHANDANA CHOUDHURY BARUA ◽  
S. M. ABDUL AZIZ BARBHUIYA ◽  
LIPIKA BURAGOHAIN ◽  
AJAY KAKATI ◽  
ACHEENTA GOHAIN BARUA
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Entada Phaseoloides ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cox 1

Objective: To investigate the analgesic activity of methanolic extract of Entada phaseoloides (MEEP) along with its molecular mechanistic pathway. Methods: Swiss albino female mice and Wistar rats of either sex were administered orally with MEEP extracts (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and pentazocine, tramadol and diclofenac sodium, as standard drugs. Following administration, anti-nociceptive activity was evaluated using an acetic acid-induced writhing test, Eddy’s hot plate, and hot water immersion test. Serum was collected for molecular expression of various proteins and genes using Reverse Transcriptase PCR and Western Blotting. Results: Acetic acid writhing test, a frequently used method to assess peripheral analgesic activity, revealed that MEEP reduced peripherally induced pain in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, Eddy’s hot plate and hot water immersion methods, often implicated for testing central analgesic activities, showed that MEEP is bestowed with the capability to counteract analgesia in a dose and time-dependent manner. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors like COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB that cause inflammatory responses and pain were significantly reduced, suggesting its analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. This analgesic and the anti-inflammatory role played by MEEP is also supported by the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and COMT and COX-1 enzyme demonstrated no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: The study revealed the weak peripheral and potent central analgesic property MEEP by modulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways.

PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-OXIDANT AND IN VIVO ANTI-DEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC BARK EXTRACTS OF ANNONA MURICATA ON MICE

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (09) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
K Ravishankar ◽  
P.V.S.C.P. Sowmya ◽  
G.V.N. Kiranmayi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Anti Oxidant

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-depressant potentials of the Ethanolic bark extract of Annona muricata. Ethanolic bark extracts of Annona muricata was subjected to preliminary and quantitative phytochemical screening. In vitro Anti-oxidant activity of Annona muricata was performed using phosphomolybdenum assay with Ascorbic acid as the standard. As the extract exhibited potent anti-oxidant activity, it was investigated further for its anti-depressant activity using Forced swim test(FST), Tail suspension test(TST), Digital photoactometer test (DPT) and Open field test(OFT). Imipramine & Fluoxetine [10mg/kg] were used as reference drugs for the anti-depressant experiments. Ethanolic Bark extract of Annona muricata exhibited significant anti-oxidant activity with significant increase of absorbance in a concentration dependent manner while in anti-depressant activity there was considerable decrease in the immobility time . Altogether, these results suggest that the Ethanolic bark extract of Annona muricata could be used as a potential anti-oxidant and anti-depressant agent.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant activities of three Thymus species grown in southeastern Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelbassat Hmidani ◽  
Eimad Dine Tariq Bouhlali ◽  
Tarik Khouya ◽  
Mhamed Ramchoun ◽  
Younes Filali-Zegzouti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Thymus Zygis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thymus Satureioides ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background Thyme has been used for centuries in southeastern Morocco to treat a wide range of diseases such as inflammation disorders. The aim of the current study is to examine and to compare in vitro the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticoagulant activities of three thyme species grown in southeastern Morocco. Results Data showed that all studied species possess an important antioxidant activity: Thymus atlanticus (IC50 = 16.59 μg/mL), Thymus zygis (IC50 = 15.43 μg/mL), and Thymus satureioides (IC50 = 14.65 μg/mL). Concerning the anti-inflammatory activity, the highest effect was depicted in Thymus atlanticus followed by Thymus zygis and Thymus satureioides. With regard to the anticoagulant activity, the aqueous extract of these species prolongs activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time significantly (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that thymus extract exhibits marked antioxidant, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory effects, thus justifying the popular uses of these plants to treat some inflammatory and cardiovascular illnesses.

ANTINOCICEPTIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIPYRETIC EFFECTS OF CROTON CAUDATUS LEAVES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
V. Neeharika ◽  
◽  
T. Swetha ◽  
F Humaira ◽  
B. M Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent

Croton caudatus (Euphorbiaceae) is claimed to be useful in treatment of sprains, arthritis and liver disorders in traditional system of medicine. In the present investigation antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the 80% aqueous ethanolic extract from leaves of C. caudatus have been evaluated. The ethanolic extract reduced the nociception induced by acetic acid at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P<0.001) and in dose dependent manner. In the hot plate test, the extract significantly increased the latency time of jump. The naloxone reversed the antinociception of the extract in hot plate test, indicating that C. caudatus ethanolic extract has morphinomimetic properties. The extract significantly decreased the rectal temperature in yeast-induced pyrexia in rats at highest tested dose.The ethanolic extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg produced 47% protection in carrageenan-induced edema. Steroids and/or triterpenoids, flavonoids and their glycosides are the major constituents of ethanolic extract of C. caudatus.

Comparison of Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic Properties of Selected Red algae - Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J V Lamouroux., Gracilaria dura (C Agardh) J Agardh. and Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 5110-5119
Author(s):  
Murugan K ◽  
Sumayya S s ◽  
Lubaina A S
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hypnea Musciformis ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gracilaria Dura

Marine natural products from seaweeds have been the focus of research for novel products of pharmacological interest. Bioactivities of the phytochemicals derived from marine algae are important ingredients in many products, such as cosmetics and drugs for treating cancer and other lifestyle disorders. In this context, the aim of the present study is to compare the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic properties of the purified terpenoids from the selected red algae Hypnea musciformis, Gracilaria dura and Kappaphycus alvarezii. Initially, the acute toxicity of the purified terpenoid extract was analyzed and was greater than 4000 mg/kg bw. In vitro BSA denaturation assay revealed significant % inhibition as compared to control. In the carrageenan induced paw edema, the purified terpenoids extract of H. musciformis exhibited remarkable soothing activity with 68.8% percentage of inhibition, which was comparable with that of indomethacin. Meanwhile G. dura and K. alvarezii showed 53 and 50% of inhibition respectively. Analgesic activity was determined by hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing test. In the hot plate test, terpenoids extract of H. musciformis and G. dura significantly increased the hot-plate latency as compared to normal saline, which reflects their analgesic efficacy. In the writhing test, terpenoid extracts from H. musciformis, G. dura and K. alvarezii inhibited the writhing response induced by acetic acid in a concentration dependent manner that suggests its varied mode of inhibition of stretching episodes. Lastly, the antipyretic activity was analyzed. Terpenoid extracts from H. musciformis, G. dura and K. alvarezii revealed a significant (P < 0.01) antipyretic activity up to 180 min.  In summary, the study demonstrates the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects of terpenoids extracts from H. musciformis, G. dura and K. alvarezii on experimental models, suggesting its therapeutic potential in the treatment of peripheral painful and inflammatory pathologies.

scholarly journals Chronic Lorcaserin Treatment Reverses the Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Disruptions to Behavior and Maturation in Developing Neurons in the Hippocampus of Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zaniewska ◽  
Agnieszka Nikiforuk ◽  
Urszula Głowacka ◽  
Sabina Brygider ◽  
Julita Wesołowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Locomotor Hyperactivity ◽  
Immobility Time

Preclinical data have shown that treatment with serotonin (5-HT)2C receptor agonists inhibits the behavioral effects of nicotine, including self-administration, reinstatement, and locomotor responses to nicotine. Since the data on the effects of 5-HT2C receptor agonism on nicotine withdrawal signs are limited, we aimed to investigate whether 5-HT2C receptor agonism alleviated the behavioral and neurobiochemical (hippocampal neurogenesis) consequences of nicotine withdrawal in Sprague-Dawley rats. Our data indicate that withdrawal from nicotine self-administration induced locomotor hyperactivity, lengthened immobility time (the forced swim test), induced ‘drug-seeking’ behavior and deficits in cognition-like behavior (the novel object recognition task). A two-week exposure to the 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin attenuated locomotor hyperactivity and induced recovery from depression-like behavior. Analyses of brain slices from nicotine-withdrawn animals revealed that lorcaserin treatment recovered the reduced number of doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells, but it did not affect the number of Ki-67- or 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells or the maturation of proliferating neurons in drug-weaned rats. To summarize, we show that lorcaserin alleviated locomotor responses and depression-like state during nicotine withdrawal. We propose that the modulatory effect of lorcaserin on the ‘affective’ aspects of nicotine cessation may be linked to the positive changes caused by the compound in hippocampal neurogenesis during nicotine withdrawal.

scholarly journals Interaction between intensity and duration of acute exercise on neuronal activity associated with depression-related behavior in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Morikawa ◽  
Natsuko Kubota ◽  
Seiichiro Amemiya ◽  
Takeshi Nishijima ◽  
Ichiro Kita
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Crf Neurons

AbstractWe examined the activities of serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) during acute treadmill running at different speeds (control, low, high) and durations (15, 30, 60 min) in male Wistar rats using c-Fos/5-HT or CRF immunohistochemistry. We also performed elevated plus maze test (EPM) and forced swim test (FST) after acute treadmill running in rats. Acute treadmill running at low speed, regardless of exercise duration, significantly increased c-Fos expression in 5-HT neurons in the DRN compared with controls, whereas high-speed running significantly activated 5-HT neurons only at 60-min duration. In contrast, c-Fos expression in CRF neurons in the PVN was enhanced in an intensity-dependent manner, regardless of exercise duration. c-Fos expression in 5-HT neurons in the DRN induced by the acute treadmill running for 30 or 60 min, but not 15 min, was positively correlated with the time spent on the open arms in the EPM and was negatively correlated with the immobility time in the FST. These results suggest an interaction between exercise intensity and duration on the antidepressant effects of acute physical exercise.

scholarly journals Potential Nutraceutical Benefits of In Vivo Grown Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) As Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Anticoagulant, and Antidepressant in Mice

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Asif Khan ◽  
Nur Airina Muhamad ◽  
Hammad Ismail ◽  
Abdul Nasir ◽  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Edema Inhibition

Crocus sativus, a medicinally important herbaceous plant, has been traditionally used to cure coughs, colds, insomnia, cramps, asthma, and pain. Moreover, the therapeutic applications of saffron include its immunomodulatory and anticancer properties. The current experimental analysis was performed to explore the potential nutraceutical efficacy of corm, leaf, petal, and stigma of saffron ethanolic extracts as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antidepressant using hot plate, carrageenan-induced paw edema, capillary tube and forced swim test, respectively in mice. The results indicated that among all the extracts, stigma ethanolic extract (SEE) represented maximum latency activity (72.85%) and edema inhibition (77.33%) followed by petal ethanolic extract (PEE) with latency activity and edema inhibition of 64.06 and 70.50%, respectively. Corm ethanolic extract (CEE) and leaf ethanolic extract (LEE) displayed mild analgesic activity of 22.40% and 29.07%, respectively. Additionally, LEE (53.29%) and CEE (47.47%) exhibited mild to moderate response against inflammation. The coagulation time of SEE (101.66 s) was almost equivalent to the standard drug, aspirin (101.66 s), suggesting a strong anticoagulant effect followed by PEE (86.5 s). LEE (66.83 s) represented moderate inhibitory effect on coagulation activity while CEE (42.83 s) showed neutral effect. Additionally, PEE and SEE also expressed itself as potential antidepressants with immobility time ≤76.66 s, while CEE (96.50 s) and LEE (106.83 s) indicated moderate to mild antidepressant efficacy. Based on the in vivo activities, saffron extract, particularly SEE and PEE, can be used as a potential nutraceutical and therapeutic agent due to its significant pharmacological activities.

scholarly journals AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF AERIAL PARTS OF FLACOURTIA JANGOMAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
C. JOTHIMANIVANNAN ◽  
P. LALITHA ◽  
K. MEENA ◽  
A. MEENAJESILIYA ◽  
J. C. MOGANAPRIYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of leaf and stem part aqueous extract of Flacourtia jangomas. Methods: Aqueous extract of leaves (ALE) and aqueous extract stem (ASE) part of Flacourtia jangomas were sequentially prepared by maceration process and subjected to a preliminary phytochemical screening. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by the carrageenan-induced acute rat paw oedema model and Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing model and hot plate method in mice. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunnet’s test by using SPSS V.15 (student trail version). Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts of leaves and stems indicated the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins. The extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with a dose-dependent manner. The ethanolic extract from the leave extract of Flacourtia jangomas at the dose 200 mg/kg has 55.6% significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the standard drugs (44.4%). Even at the low dose leave extract has more potent than aqueous stem extract. Where in analgesic effect by Hot plate method basal reaction time results showed that aqueous extract of stem part at the dose of 200 mg /kg has a significant effect at 120 mts 10.0 sec when compared with std pentazocine 13.0 sec. In peripheral analgesic method Acetic acid-induced writhing model results have not shown much more significant when compared with standard drug (42.1%). The potential to cause anti-inflammation by stem extract was comparatively less than that of leave extract. Thus it could be concluded that Flacourtia jangomas leave extract possess significant anti-inflammatory activity Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Flacourtia jangomas extract is safe and has potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, which promote this use as a food supplement against pain and inflammation related to inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Atorvastatin in a Rat Chronic Constriction Injury Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.W. Chu ◽  
J.Y. Chen ◽  
K.L. Yu ◽  
K.I. Cheng ◽  
I.J. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Chronic Constriction Injury ◽  
Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Coa Reductase

Atorvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to treat hypercholesterolemic conditions associated with hypertension. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of atorvastatin on peripheral neuropathic pain. Peripheral neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into 3 groups including sham-operated, CCI, and atorvastatin-treated. Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline was orally administered for 2 weeks. All animals were assessed by neurobehavioral tests before surgery and at days 3, 7, 14 after surgery. Inflammatory and neuroprotective factors were evaluated by Western blot analysis. eNOS, COX2 and iNOS in the sciatic nerve were also studied using immunohistochemistry. Atorvastatin attenuated CCI-induced nociceptive sensitization and thermal hyperalgesia in a time-dependent manner. Atorvastatin improved CCI-induced neurobehavioral/inflammatory activity by inhibition of TGF-β, PIκB/IκB, NFκB, COX2, iNOS, EP1 and EP4 in the sciatic nerve. Atorvastatin was also found to increase neuroprotection factors pAkt/Akt, eNOS and VEGF. Taken together, these data indicate that atorvastatin could protect the sciatic nerve against CCI-induced neuroinflammation and nociception.

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