scholarly journals Swallowing Disorders after Oral Cavity and Pharyngolaryngeal Surgery and Role of Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Giannitto ◽  
Lorenzo Preda ◽  
Valeria Zurlo ◽  
Luigi Funicelli ◽  
Mohssen Ansarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prior Surgery ◽  
Short And Long Term

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer diagnosed worldwide and the eighth most common cause of cancer death. Malignant tumors of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx can be treated by surgical resection or radiotheraphy with or without chemotheraphy and have a profound impact on quality of life functions, including swallowing. When surgery is the chosen treatment modality, the patient may experience swallowing impairment in the oral and pharyngeal phases of deglutition. A videofluoroscopic study of swallow enables the morphodynamics of the pharyngeal-esophageal tract to be accurately examined in patients with prior surgery. These features allow an accurate tracking of the various phases of swallowing in real time, identifying the presence of functional disorders and of complications during the short- and long-term postoperative recovery. The role of imaging is fundamental for the therapist to plan rehabilitation. In this paper, the authors aim to describe the videofluoroscopic study of swallow protocol and related swallowing impairment findings in consideration of different types of surgery.

Psychological Maltreatment and Internet Addiction

2019 ◽  
pp. 423-441
Author(s):  
Gökmen Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Psychological Maltreatment ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Short And Long Term

Internet use enhances one's quality of life; yet, excessive use may lead to various problems for their healthy development and wellbeing. Understanding the risk and protective factors in internet addiction has importance to promote individuals' positive development and wellbeing. Therefore, the purpose of the present chapter is to explore the role of psychological maltreatment in the development of the internet addiction. Psychological maltreatment is a significant public health problems associated with a range of short and long–term undesirable mental health and wellbeing outcomes in childhood to adulthood. Considering the outcomes supporting the significant role of child maltreatment on the development of internet addiction, it is clear that maltreated individuals are at–risk to develop internet addiction, and psychological maltreatment, as a risk factor, has a crucial role in the development of internet addiction. However, evidences here are relatively limited, and there is need further research investigated long–term impacts of psychological maltreatment on internet addiction.

Data Quality in Rare Cancers Registration: The Report of the RARECARE Data Quality Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Trama ◽  
Rafael Marcos-Gragera ◽  
Maria Josè Sánchez Pérez ◽  
Jan Maarten van der Zwan ◽  
Eva Ardanaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Endocrine Tumors ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Rare Cancers ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Long Term Survivors

Purpose Rare cancers represent 22% of all tumors in Europe; however, the quality of the data of rare cancers may not be as good as the quality of data for common cancer. The project surveillance of rare cancers in Europe (RARECARE) had, among others, the objective of assessing rare cancer data quality in population-based cancer registries (CRs). Eight rare cancers were considered: mesothelioma, liver angiosarcoma, sarcomas, tumors of oral cavity, CNS tumors, germ cell tumors, leukemia, and malignant digestive endocrine tumors. Methods We selected data on 18,000 diagnoses and revised, on the basis of the pathologic and clinical reports (but not on pathologic specimens), unspecified morphology and topography codes originally attributed by CR officers and checked the quality of follow-up of long-term survivors of poor prognosis cancers. Results A total of 38 CRs contributed from 13 European countries. The majority of unspecified morphology and topography cases were confirmed as unspecified. The few unspecified cases that, after the review, changed to a more specific diagnosis increased the incidence of the common cancer histotypes. For example, 11% of the oral cavity epithelial cancers were reclassified from unspecified to more specific diagnoses: 8% were reclassified as squamous cell carcinoma (commoner) and only 1% as adenocarcinoma (rarer). The revision confirmed the majority of long-term survivors revealing a relative high proportion of mesothelioma long-term survivors. The majority of appendix carcinoids changed behavior from malignant to borderline lesions. Conclusions Our study suggests that the problem of poorly specified morphology and topography cases is mainly one of difficulty in reaching a precise diagnosis. The awareness of the importance of data quality for rare cancers should increase among registrars, pathologists, and clinicians.

scholarly journals The Role of Individual Characteristics in Predicting Short- and Long-Term Cognitive and Psychological Benefits of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Mild-to-Moderate Dementia

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Carbone ◽  
Federica Piras ◽  
Massimiliano Pastore ◽  
Erika Borella
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Short And Long Term

Introduction: This study examined the role of individual characteristics in predicting short- and long-term benefits of the Italian version of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST-IT), an evidence-based intervention for people with mild-to-moderate dementia.Materials and Methods: Data were drawn from a sample (N = 123) of people with dementia (PwD) who took part in a multicenter controlled clinical trial of CST-IT. Assessments at pre-test, immediately after completing the treatment, and 3 months later investigated the following outcomes: general cognitive functioning and language, mood and behavior, everyday functioning, and quality of life. Age, education and baseline (pre-test) cognitive functioning, mood (depression) and behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms were considered as predictors of any short- and long-term benefits.Results: Linear mixed-effects models showed that different individual characteristics -particularly education and age- influenced the benefits of CST-IT, depending on the outcome measures considered. Higher education predicted larger gains in general cognitive functioning and, along with less severe depressive symptoms, in language (magnification effects). Older age was associated with positive changes in mood (compensation effects). Albeit very modestly, older age was also associated with larger gains in everyday functioning (compensation effects). Gains in quality of life were predicted by older age and lower education (compensation effects). Baseline cognitive functioning, mood and/or behavioral symptoms broadly influenced performance too, but their role again depended on the outcomes considered.Discussion: These findings underscore the importance of considering and further exploring how psychosocial interventions like CST are affected by individual characteristics in order to maximize their efficacy for PwD.

Psychological Maltreatment and Internet Addiction

2018 ◽  
pp. 90-108
Author(s):  
Gökmen Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Psychological Maltreatment ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Short And Long Term

Internet use enhances one's quality of life; yet, excessive use may lead to various problems for their healthy development and wellbeing. Understanding the risk and protective factors in internet addiction has importance to promote individuals' positive development and wellbeing. Therefore, the purpose of the present chapter is to explore the role of psychological maltreatment in the development of the internet addiction. Psychological maltreatment is a significant public health problems associated with a range of short and long–term undesirable mental health and wellbeing outcomes in childhood to adulthood. Considering the outcomes supporting the significant role of child maltreatment on the development of internet addiction, it is clear that maltreated individuals are at–risk to develop internet addiction, and psychological maltreatment, as a risk factor, has a crucial role in the development of internet addiction. However, evidences here are relatively limited, and there is need further research investigated long–term impacts of psychological maltreatment on internet addiction.

Evaluation Of The Ml Lute Hypothesis In Respect Of Electrotec Hnical Porcelains

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1177-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ranachowski ◽  
F. Rejmund ◽  
Z. Ranachowski ◽  
A. Pawełek ◽  
A. Piątkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Testing ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
Phase Content ◽  
Mullite Phase ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Microscopic Techniques ◽  
Electrotechnical Porcelain

Abstract The paper presents the evaluation of the mullite hypothesis explaining the strength of porcelains. There was researched the influence of the mullite phase on the short- and long-term mechanical strength of electrotechnical porcelain of different types (C 110, C 112, C 120 and C 130). The total mullite phase content, the size and distribution of precipitates and dispersed single crystals in the glassy matrix were considered. Mechanoacoustic and microscopic techniques as well as ultrasonic testing were used during the investigation. The role of the mullite phase in the increase of strength and resistance to aging processes of electrical porcelain of various types was described. Mullite hypothesis is valid in reference to siliceous (C 110), cristobalite (C 112) and aluminous C 120 type materials of a typical raw components content and phase composition. In the case of modern strengthened C 120 and C 130 type aluminous materials advantageous are only dispersed fine mullite needles. The precipitates of mullite phase, especially of bigger size, are undesirable.

American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelinesfor the Use of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Protectants

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3333-3355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martee L. Hensley ◽  
LynnM. Schuchter ◽  
Celeste Lindley ◽  
NealJ. Meropol ◽  
GaryI. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Tumor Protection ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
American Society

PURPOSE:Because toxicities associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy canadversely affect short- and long-term patient quality of life, can limitthe dose and duration of treatment, and may be life-threatening, specificagents designed to ameliorate or eliminate certain chemotherapy andradiotherapy toxicities have been developed. Variability in interpretationof the available data pertaining to the efficacy of the three United StatesFood and Drug Administration–approved agents that have potentialchemotherapy- and radiotherapy-protectant activity—dexrazoxane,mesna, and amifostine—and questions about the role of theseprotectant agents in cancer care led to concern about the appropriate useof these agents. The American Society of Clinical Oncology sought toestablish evidence-based, clinical practice guidelines for the use ofdexrazoxane, mesna, and amifostine in patients who are not enrolled onclinical treatment trials. METHODS: A multidisciplinary Expert Panelreviewed the clinical data regarding the activity of dexrazoxane, mesna,and amifostine. A computerized literature search was performed usingMEDLINE. In addition to reports collected by individual Panel members, allarticles published in the English-speaking literature from June 1997through December 1998 were collected for review by the Panel chairpersons,and appropriate articles were distributed to the entire Panel for review.Guidelines for use, levels of evidence, and grades of recommendation werereviewed and approved by the Panel. Outcomes considered in evaluating thebenefit of a chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-protectant agent includedamelioration of short- and long-term chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-relatedtoxicities, risk of tumor protection by the agent, toxicity of theprotectant agent itself, quality of life, and economic impact. To theextent that these data were available, the Panel placed the greatest valueon lesser toxicity that did not carry a concomitant risk of tumorprotection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesna: (1) Mesna, dosed asdetailed in these guidelines, is recommended to decrease the incidence ofstandard-dose ifosfamide-associated urothelial toxicity. (2) There isinsufficient evidence on which to base a guideline for the use of mesna toprevent urothelial toxicity with ifosfamide doses that exceed 2.5g/m2/d. (3) Either mesna or forced saline diuresis isrecommended to decrease the incidence of urothelial toxicity associatedwith high-dose cyclophosphamide use in the stem-cell transplanta-tionsetting. Dexrazoxane: (1) The use of dexrazoxane is not routinelyrecommended for patients with metastatic breast cancer who receive initialdoxorubicin-based chemotherapy. (2) The use of dexrazoxane may beconsidered for patients with metastatic breast cancer who have received acumulative dosage of 300 mg/m2 or greater of doxorubicin inthe metastatic setting and who may benefit from continueddoxorubicin-containing therapy. (3) The use of dexrazoxane in the adjuvantsetting is not recommended outside of a clinical trial. (4) The use ofdexrazoxane can be considered in adult patients who have received more than300 mg/m2 of doxorubicin-based therapy for tumors other thanbreast cancer, although caution should be used in settings in whichdoxorubicin-based therapy has been shown to improve survival because ofconcerns of tumor protection by dexrazoxane. (5) There is insufficientevidence to make a guideline for the use of dexrazoxane in the treatment ofpediatric malignancies, with epirubicin-based regimens, or with high-doseanthracycline-containing regimens. Similarly, there is insufficientevidence on which to base a guideline for the use of dexrazoxane inpatients with cardiac risk factors or underlying cardiac disease. (6)Patients receiving dexrazoxane should continue to be monitored for cardiactoxicity. Amifostine: (1) Amifostine may be considered for the reduction ofnephrotoxicity in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. (2)Although amifostine may be considered for the reduction of neutropenia inpatients receiving alkylating agents, chemotherapy dose reduction or growthfactor use should be considered as an alternative to the use of amifostine.(3) Present data are insufficient to recommend the use of amifostine forprotection against thrombocytopenia or the routine use of amifostine toprevent cisplatin-associated neurotoxicity or ototoxicity. Similarly,present data are insufficient to support the use of amifostine for theprevention of paclitaxel-associated neurotoxicity. (4) Use of amifostinemay be considered to decrease the incidence of acute and late xerostomia incertain patients undergoing fractionated radiation therapy in the head andneck region, although present data are insufficient to recommend the use ofamifostine to prevent radiation therapy–associated mucositis. Detailsregarding dose and management of amifostine side effects, includinghypotension, are included in the guidelines. Further research is warrantedto further define the role of these chemotherapy- andradiotherapy-protectant agents in the care of cancerpatients.

scholarly journals Contextual Influences on the Perception of Bullying Behaviours for Youth in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jennifer Sian Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Short And Long Term

<p>Bullying has gained a lot of attention in the public and academic spheres over the past two decades (Carrera, DePalma, & Lameiras, 2011; Monks et al., 2009) and is considered to be a very serious international issue (Due et al., 2005; Mullis, Martin, Foy, & Arora, 2012). There is extensive research based on the experiences of bullying, which has examined prevalence rates (Green, Harcourt, Mattioni, & Prior, 2013), distinctions between different types of bullying (Rivers & Smith, 1994; Smokowski & Kopasz, 2005) as well as the short and long term impacts (Coggan, Bennett, Hooper, & Dickinson, 2003). Through this, a strong research based understanding of bullying has been developed and a consistent definition established (Canty, Stubbe, Steers, & Collings, 2014; Carroll-Lind, 2009). However, previous research has primarily focused on the experiences of bullying, and few studies have examined how bullying is understood from the perspectives of young people. The present study aimed to bridge this gap by exploring young people’s understanding of bullying behaviour in New Zealand. Twenty participants completed a short questionnaire and structured interview, where they discussed four hypothetical scenarios, each describing a different type of bullying in a different setting. Results demonstrated that young people maintain a much broader conception of bullying than what is currently defined by academia. The academic criteria of intention to harm, repetition and an imbalance of power were not central to young people’s definitions of bullying. Rather, factors such as, the reaction of the victim, how public the behaviour was and the role of friendship were more instrumental in shaping young people’s bullying perceptions and definitions. Furthermore, it was found that the perceived relationship between bullies, victims and bystanders as well as gender differences, also influenced participants’ understanding of bullying behaviours. These findings yield important implications for the development and efficacy of intervention programs. Limitations and avenues of future research are also discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Contextual Influences on the Perception of Bullying Behaviours for Youth in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jennifer Sian Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Short And Long Term

<p>Bullying has gained a lot of attention in the public and academic spheres over the past two decades (Carrera, DePalma, & Lameiras, 2011; Monks et al., 2009) and is considered to be a very serious international issue (Due et al., 2005; Mullis, Martin, Foy, & Arora, 2012). There is extensive research based on the experiences of bullying, which has examined prevalence rates (Green, Harcourt, Mattioni, & Prior, 2013), distinctions between different types of bullying (Rivers & Smith, 1994; Smokowski & Kopasz, 2005) as well as the short and long term impacts (Coggan, Bennett, Hooper, & Dickinson, 2003). Through this, a strong research based understanding of bullying has been developed and a consistent definition established (Canty, Stubbe, Steers, & Collings, 2014; Carroll-Lind, 2009). However, previous research has primarily focused on the experiences of bullying, and few studies have examined how bullying is understood from the perspectives of young people. The present study aimed to bridge this gap by exploring young people’s understanding of bullying behaviour in New Zealand. Twenty participants completed a short questionnaire and structured interview, where they discussed four hypothetical scenarios, each describing a different type of bullying in a different setting. Results demonstrated that young people maintain a much broader conception of bullying than what is currently defined by academia. The academic criteria of intention to harm, repetition and an imbalance of power were not central to young people’s definitions of bullying. Rather, factors such as, the reaction of the victim, how public the behaviour was and the role of friendship were more instrumental in shaping young people’s bullying perceptions and definitions. Furthermore, it was found that the perceived relationship between bullies, victims and bystanders as well as gender differences, also influenced participants’ understanding of bullying behaviours. These findings yield important implications for the development and efficacy of intervention programs. Limitations and avenues of future research are also discussed.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Philosophy in Enhancing the Quality of Human Resource in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Boy Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

Abstract The main purpose of philosophy is to describe how people may live and grow in better ways (Husserl, E.)1. The facts have shown that, once philosophy is involved, the character of people is thereby developed, leading them to have a better life. It is not only important for people to know about philosophy, but it must go beyond that point and be deeply understood, internalised, and practiced frequently. This paper will discuss the role of philosophy in order to show how the quality of human resource may be enhanced, in particular in Indonesia, in short-and long-term plans. The role of philosophy will determine whether the ultimate goal of understanding philosophy – which is to stimulate people to have critical, logical, comprehensive, and in-depth ways of thinking in their own field of expertise, which enables them to solve problems raised and faced in life – is going to be achieved in improving the quality of human resource in Indonesia. In addition to that, the educational sector should also be taking part in reaching this goal. People as individuals, who possess a good character and are always thinking philosophically and practicing the concept of philosophy in their daily lives, will achieve an exceptional life that is not only responsible and beneficial to themselves but also to their environment, surroundings, and communities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document