scholarly journals Pigmented Cells in the Pineal Gland of Female Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus): A Histochemical and Ultrastructural Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio Ivan Busolini ◽  
Graciela Beatriz Rodríguez ◽  
Verónica Palmira Filippa ◽  
Fabian Heber Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Pigment Granules ◽  
Lagostomus Maximus ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Probable Relation

The presence of pigment has been demonstrated in different nervous structures such as those of retina, substantia nigra, and locus coeruleus. These pigments have also been described in the pineal gland of different mammal species. Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of the pineal gland of female viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) were performed to analyze the presence of pigmented cells under natural conditions and to evaluate a probable relation between pigment content and glandular activity during pregnancy. The following techniques were applied: hematoxylin-eosin, phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin, Masson-Fontana silver, DOPA histochemistry, Schmorl’s reaction and toluidine blue. Estradiol and progesterone serum levels were determined by RIA. The ultrastructural features of the pineal pigment granules were also analyzed. Pigment granules were observed in a random distribution, but the pigmented cells were frequently found near blood vessels. The pineal pigment was histochemically identified as melanin. Differences in the amount of pigmented cells were found between pregnant and nonpregnant viscachas. The ultrastructural analysis revealed the presence of premelanosomes and melanosomes. Estradiol and progesterone levels vary during pregnancy. In conclusion, the changes in the amount of pigment content and hormone levels may indicate that the pineal gland of female viscacha is susceptible to endocrine variations during pregnancy.

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

Permeability of the Pineal Gland of the Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) to the Lanthanum Hydroxide

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Domínguez ◽  
Ramón S. Piezzi ◽  
Luis Scardapane ◽  
Jorge A. Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Lanthanum Hydroxide ◽  
Lagostomus Maximus

Serum Melatonin Levels: A New Neurodiagnostic Tool in Pineal Region Tumors?

Neurosurgery ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vorkapic ◽  
Franz Waldhauser ◽  
Robert Bruckner ◽  
Christian Biegelmayer ◽  
Manfred Schmidbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Pineal Tumors ◽  
Pineal Region Tumors ◽  
Computer Assisted Tomography

Abstract The pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) is secreted in a circadian rhythm with high serum levels during nighttime and low serum levels during daytime. Several authors have reported an altered secretion pattern of MLT in patients with pineal tumors and have proposed that MLT may be used as a tumor marker. In nine patients, a pineal region tumor was diagnosed by computer-assisted tomography. Before and after surgical removal of the tumor, several day- and nighttime serum samples were collected and MLT concentrations were estimated by radioimmunoassay. Before operation, five patients presented a normal circadian pattern of MLT secretion. In the remaining four subjects, MLT levels were undetectable or at the limit of detection, with no signs of a circadian secretion pattern. Eight patients were reexamined after tumor resection, when all but one had undetectable or very low MLT levels. The remaining subject, with a pineomesencephalic pilocytic astrocytoma, dislocating but not involving the pineal gland, presented a normal circadian secretion pattern of MLT after operation; in this case, tumor resection was possible without damaging the pineal gland. Thus, before operation, MLT deficiency rather than exaggerated serum levels may be used as a marker for pineal tumors that destroy the pineal gland. After tumor resection, serum MLT may serve to demonstrate complete pinealectomy.

Melatonin Increase as Predictor for Tumor Objective Response to Chemotherapy in Advanced Cancer Patients

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Lissoni ◽  
Gabriele Tancini ◽  
Sandro Barni ◽  
Sergio Crispino ◽  
Franco Paolorossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Advanced Cancer Patients ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Regimen ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy

Clinical studies have demonstrated an altered pineal function in cancer patients. Owing to the documented antineoplastic activity of the pineal gland, these anomalies could have a prognostic significance. This study was carried out to monitor changes in blood levels of melatonin, the most important pineal hormone, in relation to the clinical response to chemotherapy in human neoplasms. The study included 42 cancer patients of both sexes (breast cancer, 10; lung cancer, 13; colon cancer, 11; soft tissue sarcoma, 4; testicular cancer, 1; Hodgkin's disease, 1; peritoneal mesothelioma, 2). Melatonin serum levels were measured by radioimmunoassay before and 28 days after each cycle of chemotherapy. The results showed that, irrespectively of the type of tumor and chemotherapeutic regimen, 12/16 patients (75%) whose melatonin markedly enhanced after chemotherapy had an objective regression. In contrast, 2/26 patients only (8%) whose melatonin did not enhance after chemotherapy had a clinical response. The percentage of objective responses was statistically significantly higher in patients with a chemotherapy-induced melatonin increase than in those with no melatonin increase (p < 0.001). This study seems to demonstrate that melatonin determination can be used as a predictor of the objective response to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Moreover, it suggests that the antineoplastic effect of cytotoxic drugs may require participation of the pineal gland.

scholarly journals Enteral nutrition ameliorates the symptoms of Crohn's disease in mice via activating special pro-resolving mediators through innate lymphoid cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 175342592110570
Author(s):  
Di Zhao ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Chen Ye ◽  
Shaoyi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqiong Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Peritoneal Lavage ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Crohn's disease activates the inflammatory reactions to induce intestinal disorders. Enteral nutrition (EN) could exert general immunomodulatory effects. Cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) surgery was utilized to establish Crohn's disease mice models. Survival analysis, hematoxylin-eosin staining, flow cytometry, ELISA, Western blot and liquid chromatography-tandem MS were applied. Baicalein was added to inhibit lipoxygenases. The survival rate was restored and inflammatory injury, exudate neutrophils in peritoneal lavage and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were ameliorated by EN treatment as compared with CLP treatment. EN also increased ILC-3 content, 5/15-LOX level and RvD1-RvD5 in peritoneal lavage. Baicalein reversed all the detected effects of EN except ILC-3 content. EN could activate special pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) through ILCs to mitigate injuries of Crohn's disease.

Effect of morphine on mesangial immunoglobulin G aggregate kinetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (5) ◽  
pp. C1211-C1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Singhal ◽  
C. Q. Pan ◽  
N. Gibbons ◽  
E. Valderrama
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Focal Glomerulosclerosis ◽  
Mesangial Expansion ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Mean

Because mesangial expansion is considered a precursor of focal glomerulosclerosis, we studied whether morphine can cause mesangial expansion. We used radiolabeled human immunoglobulin G aggregates (125I-ahIgG) to study mesangial kinetics in control and experimental (morphine-treated) rats. Control and experimental rats were administered 125I-ahIgG by tail vein. Serum levels of 125I-ahIgG and uptake of 125I-ahIgG by liver, spleen, and mesangium were determined at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 h after 125I-ahIgG administration. Mesangial 125I-ahIgG levels were higher (P < 0.05) at 4 h and at later periods in morphine-treated vs. control rats. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, did not attenuate the morphine-induced mesangial accumulation of 125I-ahIgG. The mean uptake of IgG aggregates was lower in the liver and spleen of morphine-treated rats at 36 h (P < 0.05). In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, ultrastructural studies showed accumulation of IgG-coated gold particles in vesicles, endosomes, and lysosomes. Morphine may have increased the accumulation of 125I-ahIgG in the glomeruli either by increasing the delivery of macromolecules into the mesangium or by altering the exit of macromolecules from the mesangium.

A Light and Electron Microscopic Study of the Pineal Gland of the Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Domínguez ◽  
Ramón S. Piezzi ◽  
Luis Scardapane ◽  
Jorge A. Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Lagostomus Maximus

Effect of Lithium on the Rhythms of Melatonin in the Pineal Gland, Serum and Retina of Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia P. Calderón ◽  
Estela M. Muñoz ◽  
Lilian E. Pelzer
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Lagostomus Maximus

Cytosomal and Neuronal Changes During Photoreception as Related to Ionic Permeability and Ciliary Activity in Mytilus Epulis

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Judith A. Murphy ◽  
Anthony A. Paparo
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Ionic Permeability ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Pigment Granules

The lateral ciliated cells in the bivalve, M. edulis are controlled by the nervous system. Ultrastructural studies reveal pigment granules (cytosomes) occurring in the nerve endings under these cells. In response to light, there is a gradual lateral cilioinhibition coupled with a change in morphology of these pigment granules. The purpose of this study was to examine lateral ciliary activity during photoreception as related to both, changes in the pigment granules, and neuronal Ca/K shifts.Gill preparations were isolated and subsequent stroboscopic measurements of lateral cilia were made. Specimens were exposed to light or darkness. The following drugs were added by perfusion: 10-100 mM Ca and 10-6 M ethylene glycol-bis(amino-ethyl-ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Measurements of the orange yellow fluorophore were made on a Leitz MPV system.

Interstitial Cells in the Pineal Gland of Pregnant and Nonpregnant Viscachas (Lagostomus maximus maximus): A Morphometric and Biochemical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-250
Author(s):  
Fabricio Ivan Busolini ◽  
Luis Ezequiel Gallol ◽  
Graciela Beatríz Rodríguez ◽  
Verónica Palmira Filippa ◽  
Fabian Heber Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Percentage Area

The pineal gland of mammals undergoes morphological and biochemical changes throughout the gestation period. In viscachas, a seasonal breeding rodent, pregnancy lasts approximately 154 days and 3 stages can be defined, i.e., early, mid, and late pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to analyze morphometric variations in the expression of S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and vimentin in the interstitial cells (IC) in pregnant and nonpregnant viscachas by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also aim to evaluate a probable relation between glandular activity and pregnancy. The immunopositive percentage area (%IA) for the studied proteins and the number of immunoreactive cells against the S-100 protein with a visible nucleus (nº IC-S-100) were analyzed. Estradiol and progesterone serum levels were also determined by RIA. Variations in the expression of the S-100 protein and GFAP, as well as changes in the nº IC-S-100 related to serum hormone levels, were found between pregnant and nonpregnant viscachas. Viscachas in mid pregnancy exhibited the highest values of %IA for the analyzed proteins, followed by females in late and early pregnancy, while the nonpregnant ones showed the lowest values for all of the groups studied. Likewise, the nº IC-S-100 also varied following the same pattern. Thus, these variations seem to indicate a direct relationship between glandular activity and gonadal hormone levels. On these grounds, we may conclude that IC undergo changes in relation to ovarian hormone levels and participate in the regulation of glandular activity during pregnancy. However, further research is necessary to elucidate this relationship.

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