scholarly journals Engagement in Games: Developing an Instrument to Measure Consumer Videogame Engagement and Its Validation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Zaib Abbasi ◽  
Ding Hooi Ting ◽  
Helmut Hlavacs
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Model ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Formative Measurement ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
First Order ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Formative Measurement Model ◽  
Reflective Measurement

The aim of the study is to develop a new instrument to measure engagement in videogame play termed as consumer videogame engagement. The study followed the scale development procedure to develop an instrument to measure the construct of consumer videogame engagement. In this study, we collected the data in two different phases comprising study 1 (n=136) and study 2 (n=270). We employed SPSS 22.0 for exploratory factor analysis using study 1 respondents to explore the factors for consumer videogame engagement and reliability analysis. Results of EFA resulted with six-factor solution. We further used SmartPLS 3.0 software on study 2 respondents to further confirm the six-factor solution as reflective measurement model on the first-order level, and three second-order formative constructs on the second-order or higher-order level as formative measurement model. Results of the reflective measurement model and formative measurement model evidenced that consumer videogame engagement has strong psychometric properties and is a valid instrument to measure engagement in videogame play. Results also confirmed that consumer videogame engagement is a multidimensional construct as well as a reflective-formative construct. The study is unique in its investigation as it develops an instrument to measure engagement in videogame play which comprises the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions.

scholarly journals Crossing the seven Cs of internal consistency: Assessing the reliability of formative instruments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan L.K. Gruijters ◽  
Bram P.I. Fleuren ◽  
Gjalt - Jorn Ygram Peters
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Psychological Construct ◽  
Formative Measurement ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
Formative Measurement Model ◽  
Reflective Measurement

Evaluating the reliability of measurement instruments is common practice in organizational psychology. When measurement proceeds using composites of multiple indicators, reliability is often examined with internal consistency estimates. This is common practice for both measurement instruments with a reflective measurement model, where a latent psychological construct is assumed to cause the item scores, and with a formative measurement model, where the composite score defines the construct. In the latter case, however, internal consistency indices such as Coefficient Alpha or Omega are not informative about reliability. In this paper, we review the assumption of reflective measurement and discuss why internal consistency estimates assume this model. We then provide an illustration of a checklist (originally proposed by Jarvis et al., 2003) intended to aid researchers, reviewers and editors in recognizing reflective measurement. Finally, the paper describes how researchers can estimate the reliability of instruments that use formative items. With these contributions, the paper aims to promote awareness of measurement assumptions when estimating reliability, and to provide tailored alternatives for assessing the reliability of formative instruments.

Percezione del management e percezione del cliente: un confronto sui punti di forza dell'impresa

2009 ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Stefano Cabras ◽  
Cinzia Dessě ◽  
Michela Floris
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Formative Measurement ◽  
Analysis Measurement ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Additive Contribution ◽  
Formative Measurement Model ◽  
Value Measurement

Customer value is unanimously considered to be one of the most fundamental concepts in marketing theory. Nonetheless, customer value measurement has been at best sparse or minimal. The authors specify and test a formative measurement model of customer value which describes the additive contribution of four categories of benefits and three categories of sacrifices to customer value formation. The authors present results of measurement scale development process in three consumption contexts, and show that the proposed model, which they call perceived consumption experience value (PCEV), is reliable and valid, and is able to predict customer satisfaction and loyalty better than the Gale method.Keywords: customer value, benefits and sacrifices analysis, measurement Parole chiave: valore per il cliente, analisi benefici/sacrifici, misurazione

scholarly journals Reflective or formative measurement model of sustainability factor? A three industry comparison

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eijaz Ahmed Khan ◽  
Mohammed Naim A. Dewan ◽  
Md. Maruf Hossan Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Formative Measurement ◽  
Sustainability Concept ◽  
Pls Analysis ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Formative Measurement Model ◽  
Industry Comparison

The sustainability concept is commonly used in many domains. However, the assessment of reflective and formative measurement has been ignored largely. As a result, sustainability factor scales are specified wrongly and this might lead to reduced scale validity. The aim of the study is find out the nature of sustainability factors either reflective or formative by investigating three distinct industrial settings in Bangladesh. A quantitative research design is used and the data is analysed through Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. PLS analysis validates the indicators and factors. Sustainability factors in context of microbusiness and supply chain found reflective in nature whereas in e-business it was formative. The study suggests that sustainability factor is a context specific phenomena and it can be treated either reflective or formative.

scholarly journals Re-examining the relationships among perceived quality, value, satisfaction, and destination loyalty

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Hallak ◽  
Guy Assaker ◽  
Rania El-Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Destination Loyalty ◽  
Formative Measurement ◽  
First Order ◽  
Measurement Models

Drawing on the literature on service quality, marketing, and tourism, the present study tests a comprehensive model of the effects of perceived quality (PQ) on loyalty in the context of a tourism destination. Using a sample of 249 residents from the United Kingdom and the United States who visited Australia between 2008 and 2012, this research applies partial least squares–structural equation modeling to examine these relationships. PQ is operationalized as a multidimensional construct determined by six destination dimensions: natural and well-known attractions, variety of tourist services, quality of general atmosphere, entertainment and recreation, general environment, and accessibility. Our results support the conceptualization of PQ as a “reflective first-order, formative second-order” model (also referred to as a molar, or type II, higher order model, see Diamantopoulos A, Riefler P, and Roth KP (2008) Advancing formative measurement models. Journal of Business Research 61(12): 1203–1218). Results from this study found that the six reflective first-order dimensions of PQ form the higher (second)-order PQ construct. Moreover, PQ has a stronger effect on loyalty (both direct and indirect through satisfaction) compared to perceived value, which only exercises an indirect effect on loyalty. The study presents new insights on the operationalization of PQ and the network of causal relationships among PQ, value, satisfaction, and loyalty in tourism destinations.

scholarly journals Reflective –Formative Measurement Model of Social Factors and Willlingness To Share Knowledge

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norfadzilah Abdul Razak ◽  
Faizuniah Pangil ◽  
Md Lazim Mohd Zin
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Knowledge Worker ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Formative Measurement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ict Industry ◽  
Formative Measurement Model

This paper aims to investigate the convergent and construct validity between reflective and formative measurement model. The difference assessment presents a different result of the validity. This paper analysed the reflective construct followed by formative measurement of second-order constructs (i.e., social factors and willingness to share knowledge) using SmartPLS. The data were collected from 150 of the knowledge worker in the ICT industry which registered in a MSC Company. The finding confirmed the indicator and construct examined in the model were valid and reliable. Furthermore, details of discriminant validity, collinearity, tolerance, and variance influence factor were also further discussed. The implication of this finding are brought to fore.

Further Validation of the Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire: Comparing First-Order and Second-Order Factor Effects on Actual School Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler L. Renshaw ◽  
Jeffrey S. Chenier
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Outcomes ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
School Students ◽  
First Order ◽  
Urban Middle School

This report presents further validation evidence for the Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire (SSWQ). Analyses conducted with a sample of urban middle-school students (Grades 5-8, N = 335) targeted two limitations from previous validation studies: the lack of convergent validity evidence linking responses to the SSWQ with actual school outcomes and the lack of comparative validity evidence demonstrating the relative contributions of the SSWQ’s first-order and second-order factors for predicting criterion variables. Results from the present study confirmed the SSWQ’s higher-order measurement model and then demonstrated that both first-order and second-order factors had substantive effects on several school-reported outcomes, although first-order factors were more robust predictors overall. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are briefly discussed.

Development and validation of employee wellbeing scale – a formative measurement model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-368
Author(s):  
Puja Khatri ◽  
Pragya Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Formative Measurement ◽  
Employee Wellbeing ◽  
Formative Measurement Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize a suitable measure for the employee wellbeing construct and validate this tool in Indian workplace settings, especially with reference to IT/ITes and BFSI sectors. Design/methodology/approach This study is descriptive and cross-sectional in nature. The literature was first reviewed to identify the underlying probable dimensions of employee wellbeing and its corresponding items. These items were then subjected to elaborate discussions with experts from industry as well as academia. The index, thus, developed was administered to collect primary data from employees working in IT/ITeS and BFSI sectors based in Delhi-NCR. PLS SEM 3 was applied as employee wellbeing was construed as a first-order reflective second-order formative construct. Thereafter, it was subjected to suitable assessments of reliability and convergent validity. Findings The findings reveal that employee wellbeing can be conceptualized as a construct having four dimensions namely, purpose in life (PIL), work–life balance (WLB), job wellness (JW) and physical wellness (PW). It was also revealed that all the dimensions identified in the study capture different facets of the employee wellbeing and collectively define the construct; omission of any items may lead to change in the nature of the construct. This investigation is unique as it frames the index of employee wellbeing with specifications of a formative measurement model. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no published study so far has measured EWB as a formative construct. Originality/value Many earlier studies have incorporated a unidimensional approach to individual wellbeing and lacked a crucial outlook of having multi-dimensional understanding of the employee wellbeing construct in the social and work context. Furthermore, this paper contributes not only to the existing body of knowledge in employee wellbeing, but also brings forth an important aspect of measurement model specification, i.e. formative measurement model by bringing the specific reasons for taking employee wellbeing as a formative concept.

Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Iliceto ◽  
Emanuele Fino
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Beck Hopelessness Scale ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Model Invariance ◽  
Three Factor

The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is an instrument for assessing cognitive thoughts among suicidal persons. Previous studies have identified different factor structures of the BHS. However, results were not conclusive. The aim of this study was to test the factor structure of the BHS in a sample of Italian individuals (N = 509) from the community, and secondarily to investigate correlations between the BHS, depression (Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition), and personality traits (Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire). Following recommendations of previous investigations, we utilized a 5-point response format. We applied a second-order Confirmatory Factor Analyses and tested for the model invariance. The results suggest that besides a single second-order factor, a second-order three-factor solution is also reasonable, in line with Beck’s theorization.

Nonlinear Analysis of Visual Evoked Potentials Elicited by Color Stimulation

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Momose ◽  
K. Komiya ◽  
A. Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceived Color ◽  
Second Order Nonlinearity ◽  
Visual Evoked

Abstract:The relationship between chromatically modulated stimuli and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) was considered. VEPs of normal subjects elicited by chromatically modulated stimuli were measured under several color adaptations, and their binary kernels were estimated. Up to the second-order, binary kernels obtained from VEPs were so characteristic that the VEP-chromatic modulation system showed second-order nonlinearity. First-order binary kernels depended on the color of the stimulus and adaptation, whereas second-order kernels showed almost no difference. This result indicates that the waveforms of first-order binary kernels reflect perceived color (hue). This supports the suggestion that kernels of VEPs include color responses, and could be used as a probe with which to examine the color visual system.

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