scholarly journals Unilateral Aplasia versus Bilateral Aplasia of the Vertebral Artery: A Review of Associated Abnormalities

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vasović ◽  
M. Trandafilović ◽  
S. Vlajković ◽  
G. Djordjević ◽  
M. Daković-Bjelaković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Associated Abnormalities

Morphological characteristics of 108 cases of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the vertebral artery (VA) in reports or images of retrospective studies, including one recent case, published between 1967 and 2016 are analyzed. Incidence, gender, persistence of carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis (CVBA), associated with other vascular variants, and vascular pathology in each group of uni- and bilateral VA aplasia are mutually compared. Most of the cases of VA aplasia in ages 31 to 80 were discovered in USA, Japan, and India. The bilateral VA aplasia is more common in the male gender than in the female one. The side of the VA aplasia had a significant effect on the side of CVBA persistence. Associated aplasia of other arteries was more common in cases of unilateral VA aplasia. The left VA was more commonly hypoplastic in cases of single right VA aplasia than the right VA in cases of single left VA aplasia. Aneurysms of definitive arteries were more frequent in cases of single right VA aplasia than in cases of single left VA aplasia. We claim that the aplasia of the VA probably depends on genetic factors in some races, while diseases are expressed usually in persons over 30 years of age.

scholarly journals Calcifications of Vertebrobasilar Arteries on CT: Detailed Distribution and Relation to Risk Factors in 245 Ischemic Stroke Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slaven Pikija ◽  
Jožef Magdič ◽  
Tanja Hojs-Fabjan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Left Vertebral Artery ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vessel Area ◽  
Vertebral Arteries ◽  
Vertical Dispersion ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Intracranial atherosclerosis is responsible for a substantial proportion of strokes worldwide but its detailed morphology in the vertebrobasilar arteries (VBA) is unknown.Subject and Methods. Cases with ischemic strokes were retrospectively sought from the hospital database. Native CT scans were assessed for vessel area and intracranial artery calcifications (ICACs) in VBA. The calcifications were classified as focal (FCs), crescent, and circular.Results. 245 patients (mean age:77.1±10.2years, 57.6% females) had visible ICACs. Calcifications were found in 75.9%, 63.3%, and 17.1% in the left vertebral artery (LVA), the right vertebral artery (RVA), and the basilar artery (BA), respectively. FCs were present in 91.0%, 90.3%, and 100.0%; crescents in 30.3%, 29.0%, and 7.1%, and circulars in 6.4%, 4.8%, and 0.0% of the RVA, LVA, and BA, respectively. FCs in dorsolateral quadrant were least prevalent in both vertebral arteries (VAs): 46 (29.8%) and 46 (27.4%) for RVA and LVA, respectively. Risk factors associated with vertical dispersion of ICACs were male gender (OR : 2.69, 1.38–5.28) and diabetes (OR : 2.28, 1.04–4.99).Conclusions. FCs in VAs are least prevalent in dorsolateral quadrants. The vertical dispersion of ICACs seems to be associated with the male gender and diabetes.

scholarly journals Will the imaginary active consumers please stand up? Case note to Walbusch Walter Busch: Case C-430/17 Walbusch Walter Busch GmbH & Co. KG v. Zentrale zur Bekämpfung unlauteren Wettbewerbs Frankfurt am Main eV, EU:C:2019:47

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-719
Author(s):  
Joasia Luzak
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Limited Space ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Withdrawal ◽  
The Eu

The questions posed to the Court of Justice of the EU in the recent case of Walbusch Walter Busch asked what qualifies as the means of communication with a limited space or time to display the information and how detailed the disclosure on the right of withdrawal needs to be on such a medium. The judgment in this case had to strike a balance between not limiting traders’ opportunities to use technological advances to reach consumers and one of the main objectives of consumer protection: ensuring consumers have a chance to make fully informed transactional decisions.

Lachiri v Belgium and Bans on Wearing Islamic Dress in the Courtroom: An Emerging Trend

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Kaushik Paul
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Religious Liberty ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
European Convention ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Islamic Dress

In recent years, the wearing of Islamic dress in public spaces and elsewhere has generated widespread controversy all over Europe. The wearing of the hijab and other Islamic veils has been the subject of adjudication before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) on many occasions. The most recent case before the ECtHR as to the prohibition on wearing the hijab is Lachiri v Belgium. In this case, the ECtHR held that a prohibition on wearing the hijab in the courtroom constitutes an infringement of Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which guarantees the right to freedom of religion or belief. From the perspective of religious freedom, the ruling of the Strasbourg Court in Lachiri is very significant for many reasons. The purpose of this comment is critically to analyse the ECtHR's decision in Lachiri from the standpoint of religious liberty.

scholarly journals The descending thoracic aorta morphological characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
S. Malik ◽  
P. Bordei ◽  
A. Rusali ◽  
D. M. Iliescu
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Lower Edge ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Left Flank

Abstract Our study was conducted by consulting angioCT sites made on a CT GE LightSpeed VCT64 Slice CT and a CT GE LightSpeed 16 Slice CT, following the path and relationships of the descending thoracic aorta against the vertebral column, outside diameters thereof at the thoracic vertebrae T4, T7, T12 and posterior intercostal arteries characteristics. The origin of of the descending thoracic aorta we found most commonly on the left flank of the lower edge of the vertebral body T4, but I have encountered cases where it had come above the lower edge of T4 on level of intervertebral disc T4-T5 or even at the upper edge of T5 vertebral body. At thoracic vertebra T4, on a total of 30 cases, the descending thoracic aorta present a diameter of 20.0 to 32.6 mm, values that correspond to male gender and to females diameter ranging from 25.5 to 27, 4 mm. At level of T7 thoracic vertebra, thoracic aorta present a diameter of 19.6 to 29.5 mm, values found in men, in women the diameter being from 21.9 to 25.2 mm. At thoracic vertebra T12, on a total of 27 cases, the descending thoracic aorta present a diameter of 17.6 to 27.7 mm, in males the diameter was from 17.6 to 27.7 mm and females diameter ranging from 21.1 to 25.2. The length of the descending thoracic aorta was from 18.40 to 19.41 cm.

scholarly journals First implantation of Gore Hybrid Vascular Graft in the right vertebral artery for cerebral debranching in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Wipper ◽  
Oliver Ahlbrecht ◽  
Tito Kölbel ◽  
Axel Pflugradt ◽  
Yskert von Kodolitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Vascular Graft ◽  
The Right

Morning glory disc anomaly-associated maculopathy: multimodal imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e237462
Author(s):  
Inae Hwang ◽  
Marta Ugarte
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
Morning Glory Disc Anomaly ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging ◽  
The Right

Morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is most commonly found in white females in childhood with reduced vision. One in two cases have been reported to develop maculopathy or posterior pole retinal detachment as they grow older. The pathophysiology of MGDA-associated maculopathy is not well understood.We describe a 31-year-old black woman, who presented with gradual reduction of vision in the right eye due to MGDA-associated maculopathy. We identified morphological characteristics of the optic disc and macula with multicolour and optical coherence tomography imaging.We speculate that the centripetal inner retina traction and cerebrospinal fluid pressure fluctuation play an important role in inner retinal fluid accumulation in the pathology of retinoschisis in MGDA. Further studies will shed some light of a potential cause-and-effect relationship between MGDA and retinoschisis.

scholarly journals Morphology of the vertebral artery in Asian population

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryna Alfaouri-Kornieieva ◽  
Azmy M Al-Hadidi
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Asian Patients ◽  
Distal Loop ◽  
The Right ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
The Brain

Background: Recent clinical trials have shown a rising trend of stroke in Asian population. Approximately 20% strokes of total occur at the vertebrobasilar basin that supplies the occipital lobes of the brain, the cerebellum, and the brainstem. The anatomical features and variability of the third segment of the vertebral artery (VA) in Asians are analyzed in this study. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 68 consecutive Asian patients underwent MRA examination for head and neck in the Department of Radiology of Hospital of University of Jordan from 1.10.2011 to 30.04.2012. The 116 VA were analyzed on the obtained angiograms. Results: The third segment (V3) of the VA was studied according to its conventional division into vertical, horizontal, and oblique parts. The mean outer diameter of the V3 varied up 3.18 ± 0.73 to 4.28 ± 1.08 mm. The parameter prevailed on the left in 91% cases and was greater in males, than in females. The distal loop of the VA projected downward in 26 cases on the right (78%) and in 28 cases on the left (74%). The tortuosity of loop?formations of V3 was evaluated subject to angles between their ascending and descending bends. Conclusion: In comparison with other ethnic groups, the V3 of the VA in Asians has lesser outer diameter, especially along its oblique part; the zero?distance between the occipital bone and horizontal segment of VA occurs more often (up to 26%); the Lang’s III type of V3 variability is the most common in Asians. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.6150 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 84-88

Giant Pseudoaneurysm of the Extracranial Vertebral Artery Successfully Treated Using Intraoperative Balloon Catheters

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Hanakita ◽  
Hideyuki Suwa ◽  
Kiyoshi Nishihara ◽  
Koji Iihara ◽  
Hiroshi Sakaida
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Innominate Artery ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Balloon Catheters ◽  
Extracranial Vertebral Artery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Giant Pseudoaneurysm

Abstract Traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the extracranial vertebral artery rarely occur, because of its deeply protected anatomical location. Because the direct surgical approach has resulted in high morbidity and mortality rates, ligation of the vertebral artery has been adopted, but this can cause an ischemia in the vertebrobasilar system. We report the case of a 73-year-old woman with a huge pseudoaneurysm of the right vertebral artery that occurred after attempted placement of a cardiac pacemaker. The aneurysm was 7 x 7 x 5 cm in size and its neck was situated just distal to the right subclavian artery. Direct surgical repair of the injured vessel and removal of the aneurysm were successfully performed using balloon catheters placed intraoperatively in both the innominate artery and the right vertebral artery.

scholarly journals A Case of Multiple Posterior Intercostal Artery Common Trunks in Conjunction with Additional Arterial Variations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Fanselow ◽  
Nolan Wallace ◽  
Daniel Sehi ◽  
Lokesh Coomar ◽  
John Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Intercostal Space ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Arterial Variation ◽  
Arterial Variations ◽  
First Case ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

Several thoracic vasculature variations were observed in an 81-year-old male cadaver during routine dissection. These included 5 common trunks of posterior intercostal arteries, a descending branch of the right vertebral artery, and atypical neurovascular relationships within intercostal spaces. On the right side, two common trunks of posterior intercostal arteries were observed supplying the 4th-7th intercostal spaces and 9th-11th intercostal spaces, respectively. There was also a small accessary branch supplying the 9th intercostal space. The first three posterior intercostal spaces on the right were supplied by a descending branch of the vertebral artery. On the left side, three common trunks of posterior intercostal arteries were encountered, supplying intercostal spaces 3-5, 6-7, and 11 plus the subcostal space. An atypical neurovascular relationship was observed in the right 6th intercostal space, as well as the left 2nd, 3rd, and 6th intercostal spaces. This is the first case report that presents 5 common trunks of posterior intercostal arteries, as well as common trunks in conjunction with other arterial variation in the posterior thoracic wall. These variations carry a high level of clinical significance and may be helpful in guiding decision-making related to surgical procedures related to the posterior thoracic cavity and spine.

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