scholarly journals Design and Test Research on Cutting Blade of Corn Harvester Based on Bionic Principle

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunpeng Tian ◽  
Xianwang Li ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Qiaomin Chen ◽  
Cheng Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Cutting Energy ◽  
Cutting Test ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Bionic Blade ◽  
Cut Quality ◽  
Blade Cutting

Existing corn harvester cutting blades have problems associated with large cutting resistance, high energy consumption, and poor cut quality. Using bionics principles, a bionic blade was designed by extracting the cutting tooth profile curve of the B. horsfieldi palate. Using a double-blade cutting device testing system, a single stalk cutting performance contrast test for corn stalks obtained at harvest time was carried out. Results show that bionic blades have superior performance, demonstrated by strong cutting ability and good cut quality. Using statistical analysis of two groups of cutting test data, the average cutting force and cutting energy of bionic blades and ordinary blades were obtained as 480.24 N and 551.31 N and 3.91 J and 4.38 J, respectively. Average maximum cutting force and cutting energy consumption for the bionic blade were reduced by 12.89% and 10.73%, respectively. Variance analysis showed that both blade types had a significant effect on maximum cutting energy and cutting energy required to cut a corn stalk. This demonstrates that bionic blades have better cutting force and energy consumption reduction performance than ordinary blades.

scholarly journals Analysis of Human-Land Coupled Bearing Capacity of Qiangtang Meadow in Northern Tibet Based on Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
ShiBao Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Northern Tibet ◽  
Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm

Aiming to address the problems of high energy consumption, low efficiency, low correlation between the analyzed and actual results, and poor rationality of research indexes in current methods of analysis of human-land coupled bearing capacity of meadows, a novel method of human-land coupled bearing capacity analysis of Qiangtang meadow in northern Tibet, based on fuzzy clustering algorithm, is proposed. Basic geographic information data in Tibet were acquired, the collected data images were registered by ENVI4.2 software, and the collected data were vectorized by ArcGIS 9.3 software to construct a basic geographic information database in Tibet. Based on the frequency domain processing algorithm, the geographic information image was suppressed by noise and filtered by using a high-pass filter to realize the geographic information data processing in the study area. The human-land coupled bearing capacity analysis of Qiangtang meadow in northern Tibet was evaluated through fuzzy clustering, bearing capacity evaluation, and bearing capacity calculation under the sharing of closure. The experimental results showed that the average running energy consumption of the method was 81 J, and 97% of the analyzed results were consistent with the actual situation. These results indicate that the operation efficiency of the method is high, and the rationality coefficient of the research index is large. The proposed method has superior performance and feasibility.

scholarly journals Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian C. Mutalemwa ◽  
Seokjoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Traffic Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Source Node ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Routing ◽  
Traffic Pattern

Traffic analysis attacks are common in monitoring wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the attacks, adversaries analyze the traffic pattern to obtain critical information such as the location information of a source node. Fake source packet routing protocols are often used to ensure source location privacy (SLP) protection. The protocols rely on broadcasting fake packets from fake sources concurrently with the transmission of real packets from the real source nodes to obfuscate the adversaries. However, fake source packet routing protocols have demonstrated some performance limitations including high energy consumption, low packet delivery ratio (PDR), and long end-to-end delay (EED). In this study, two existing fake source packet routing protocols are considered. Then two new phantom-based SLP routing protocols are proposed to address the limitations. Each proposed protocol introduces a two-level phantom routing strategy to ensure two adversary confusion phases. When the adversaries perform traffic analysis attacks on the packet routes, they encounter two levels of obfuscation. Simulation results establish that the proposed protocols have superior performance features. The protocols guarantee strong SLP protection throughout the WSN domain with controlled energy consumption, PDR, and EED. Furthermore, the proposed protocols achieve more practical results under varied network configurations.

A Milling Torquemeter of Planetary-Gear Design

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
J. R. Roubik
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Gear Design ◽  
Cutting Energy ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Cutting Test ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
High Degree

A design of planetary-gear dynamometer or torquemeter, to measure tangential cutting forces in milling with a high degree of accuracy and sensitivity is described together with certain design considerations and limitations as well as associated force-measuring equipment. This device is a highly efficient, sensitive, and durable research tool for use in accurately determining the magnitude and manner of variation of the cutting force, energy, and power at the cutting edges of single-point or multiple-point milling cutters, as well as machine efficiency, in full-scale milling operations. Procedures and methods of determining values of tangential cutting force, specific cutting energy, and horsepower at the cutter from cutting-test data obtained with the torquemeter are given with examples.

Experimental Analysis on Fracture Characteristics and Material Properties of Compacted Ice and Snow

2014 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Jun Fa Wang ◽  
Xiao Xia Li ◽  
Ya Qin Li ◽  
Teng Fei Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Snow Pack ◽  
Fracture Characteristics ◽  
Fracture Width ◽  
Cutting Test ◽  
Surface Graph ◽  
Disc Cutting ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Blade Cutting

It is benefit to improve the snow clearing effect, reduce energy consumption, conserve resources and enhance the performance of the machine was pointed. Using the depth into show, concave disc spacing and the angle between marching directions as factors, snow pack volume flaking, fracture width and snow clearing resistance as objective the three factors five levels orthogonal rotation test was conducted. The interaction between effect spacing of tools ,the fractures great influence on clearing efficiency and energy consumption when clearing the compacted ice and snow by using multi-blade cutting mode was found through the concave disc cutting test. The relation response surface graph was obtained through the analysis of test data by using the Design-Expert 6.0 software. The optimal parameters are: the angle between marching directions is 13°, depth into snow is 38mm~44mm, concave disc spacing is 14mm~17mm, which made the snow pack volume flaking is 124cm3~130cm3, the fracture width is 79mm~80mm, the snow clearing resistance is 0.6KN~0.65KN.

In situ TEM Studies of agglomeration of sub-nanometer Ru layers in Ru/C multilayers

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Tai D. Nguyen ◽  
Ronald Gronsky ◽  
Jeffrey B. Kortright
Keyword(s):  
Layered Structure ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Rayleigh Instability ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Nanometer period Ru/C multilayers are one of the prime candidates for normal incident reflecting mirrors at wavelengths < 10 nm. Superior performance, which requires uniform layers and smooth interfaces, and high stability of the layered structure under thermal loadings are some of the demands in practical applications. Previous studies however show that the Ru layers in the 2 nm period Ru/C multilayer agglomerate upon moderate annealing, and the layered structure is no longer retained. This agglomeration and crystallization of the Ru layers upon annealing to form almost spherical crystallites is a result of the reduction of surface or interfacial energy from die amorphous high energy non-equilibrium state of the as-prepared sample dirough diffusive arrangements of the atoms. Proposed models for mechanism of thin film agglomeration include one analogous to Rayleigh instability, and grain boundary grooving in polycrystalline films. These models however are not necessarily appropriate to explain for the agglomeration in the sub-nanometer amorphous Ru layers in Ru/C multilayers. The Ru-C phase diagram shows a wide miscible gap, which indicates the preference of phase separation between these two materials and provides an additional driving force for agglomeration. In this paper, we study the evolution of the microstructures and layered structure via in-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and attempt to determine the order of occurence of agglomeration and crystallization in the Ru layers by observing the diffraction patterns.

Separation of Biologically Active Compounds by Membrane Operations

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Zhu ◽  
Renbi Bai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Separation Technology ◽  
Pressure Driven

Background: Bioactive compounds from various natural sources have been attracting more and more attention, owing to their broad diversity of functionalities and availabilities. However, many of the bioactive compounds often exist at an extremely low concentration in a mixture so that massive harvesting is needed to obtain sufficient amounts for their practical usage. Thus, effective fractionation or separation technologies are essential for the screening and production of the bioactive compound products. The applicatons of conventional processes such as extraction, distillation and lyophilisation, etc. may be tedious, have high energy consumption or cause denature or degradation of the bioactive compounds. Membrane separation processes operate at ambient temperature, without the need for heating and therefore with less energy consumption. The “cold” separation technology also prevents the possible degradation of the bioactive compounds. The separation process is mainly physical and both fractions (permeate and retentate) of the membrane processes may be recovered. Thus, using membrane separation technology is a promising approach to concentrate and separate bioactive compounds. Methods: A comprehensive survey of membrane operations used for the separation of bioactive compounds is conducted. The available and established membrane separation processes are introduced and reviewed. Results: The most frequently used membrane processes are the pressure driven ones, including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF). They are applied either individually as a single sieve or in combination as an integrated membrane array to meet the different requirements in the separation of bioactive compounds. Other new membrane processes with multiple functions have also been developed and employed for the separation or fractionation of bioactive compounds. The hybrid electrodialysis (ED)-UF membrane process, for example has been used to provide a solution for the separation of biomolecules with similar molecular weights but different surface electrical properties. In contrast, the affinity membrane technology is shown to have the advantages of increasing the separation efficiency at low operational pressures through selectively adsorbing bioactive compounds during the filtration process. Conclusion: Individual membranes or membrane arrays are effectively used to separate bioactive compounds or achieve multiple fractionation of them with different molecule weights or sizes. Pressure driven membrane processes are highly efficient and widely used. Membrane fouling, especially irreversible organic and biological fouling, is the inevitable problem. Multifunctional membranes and affinity membranes provide the possibility of effectively separating bioactive compounds that are similar in sizes but different in other physical and chemical properties. Surface modification methods are of great potential to increase membrane separation efficiency as well as reduce the problem of membrane fouling. Developing membranes and optimizing the operational parameters specifically for the applications of separation of various bioactive compounds should be taken as an important part of ongoing or future membrane research in this field.

scholarly journals Current Knowledge and Future Directions for Improving Subsoiling Quality and Reducing Energy Consumption in Conservation Fields

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Shangyi Lou ◽  
Jin He ◽  
Hongwen Li ◽  
Qingjie Wang ◽  
Caiyun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Tillage Depth ◽  
And Control

Subsoiling has been acknowledged worldwide to break compacted hardpan, improve soil permeability and water storage capacity, and promote topsoil deepening and root growth. However, there exist certain factors which limit the wide in-field application of subsoiling machines. Of these factors, the main two are poor subsoiling quality and high energy consumption, especially the undesired tillage depth obtained in the field with cover crops. Based on the analysis of global adoption and benefits of subsoiling technology, and application status of subsoiling machines, this article reviewed the research methods, technical characteristics, and developing trends in five key aspects, including subsoiling shovel design, anti-drag technologies, technologies of tillage depth detection and control, and research on soil mechanical interaction. Combined with the research progress and application requirements of subsoiling machines across the globe, current problems and technical difficulties were analyzed and summarized. Aiming to solve these problems, improve subsoiling quality, and reduce energy consumption, this article proposed future directions for the development of subsoiling machines, including optimizing the soil model in computer simulation, strengthening research on the subsoiling mechanism and comprehensive effect, developing new tillage depth monitoring and control systems, and improving wear-resisting properties of subsoiling shovels.

scholarly journals Celery-derived porous carbon materials for superior performance supercapacitor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirui Liu ◽  
Ya ping Xu ◽  
Jinggao Wu ◽  
Jing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Porous Carbon Materials ◽  
Long Cycle Life ◽  
Sustainable Materials

Supercapacitors are of paramount importance for next-generation applications, demonstrating high energy output, an ultra-long cycle life and utilizing green and sustainable materials. Herein, we utilize celery, a common biomass from...

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