scholarly journals Integrating Characterization of Smallholders’ Feeding Practices with On-Farm Feeding Trials to Improve Utilization of Crop Residues on Smallholder Farms

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O. Kashongwe ◽  
B. O. Bebe ◽  
P. A. Ooro ◽  
P. K. Migwi ◽  
T. A. Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
On Farm

This study characterized wheat straw feeding practices in smallholder farms using cross sectional survey and the results informed the design of an experiment to improve the nutritive value of wheat straw with urea and yeast culture treatment. Three diets tested in 49 days’ feeding trial were farmers’ rainy season feeding practice (FP), addition of urea to wheat straw at the time of feeding (USWS), and 14 days’ incubation of straw with urea (UTWS). Yeast culture (15 g/day) was mixed with commercial dairy meal at the point of feeding. Survey data identified farmers’ strategies in utilizing crop residues of which most important were improving storage facility (77.6%), adding molasses (54.5%), and buying a shredding machine (45.1%). On-farm feeding trial showed that intake was higher for UTWS than (p<0.05) for USWS while milk yield was higher with FP than (p<0.005) with UTWS or USWS but not different (p≥0.05) between UTWS and USWS. Results imply that farmers feeding practices of crop residues may be improved for dairy cows’ feeding and therefore UTWS could be used to support maintenance and milk production during dry season. Improving farmers feed storage facilities and training on incubation of wheat straw for dairy cattle feeding were recommended.

Improving the nutritive value of wheat straw with urea and yeast culture for dry season feeding of dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Basole Kashongwe ◽  
Preminius Migwi ◽  
Bockline Omedo Bebe ◽  
Patrick Auwor Ooro ◽  
Tobias Atali Onyango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Yeast Culture

scholarly journals Feeding practices of young children aged 12–23 months in different socio-economic settings: a study from an urban area of Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S1-S7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otte Santika ◽  
Judhiastuty Februhartanty ◽  
Iwan Ariawan
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Child Feeding Practices

AbstractPoor feeding practices among young children lead to malnutrition, and the poor are at a greater risk than the better off groups. Child-feeding practices in various socio-economic strata, especially in urban settings, have not yet been well studied in Indonesia. This study aims to explore the feeding practices of 12–23 months old children from different socio-economic status (SES) groups. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, which included low (n 207), medium-high (n 205), medium-low (n 208) and high SES households (n 194) in forty-three villages within thirty-three sub-districts of Bandung city. Two non-consecutive 24 h recall and eight core indicators of child-feeding practices were assessed through interviews. The results showed that children from the high SES group were more likely to be exclusively breast-fed and to continue breast-feeding up to 1 year of age, met minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet, and also consumed Fe-rich or Fe-fortified foods. In contrast, children from low SES consumed more energy-rich food (grain) but fewer foods from the other food groups. Consumption of major nutrients differed across the SES groups. Inadequate nutrition was higher among children from the lower SES groups. Fortified foods were consumed by a larger proportion of children from the high SES group and contributed considerably to their overall nutrient intake. This study shows that young children’s feeding practices were not adequate, most notably among the low SES households. However, after adjusting with potential confounders, there was not enough evidence to conclude SES as a risk factor for feeding practice.

Chemical processing of wheat straw and cotton by-products for fattening cattle 2. Performance of animals receiving material after drying and pelleting

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Levy ◽  
Y. Folman
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Naoh Treatment

ABSTRACTTwo fibrous roughages, wheat straw (WS) and cotton hulls (CH), were either untreated or treated with 30 g/kg or 60 g/kg of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the residual NaOH was either unneutralized or neutralized with sulphuric acid, and the materials were then pelleted. The effects of these treatments on the nutritive value of the two roughages were examined in an arrangement that differed from the factorial 2 × 3 × 2 = 12 in that only one control group was included for each roughage. Digestibility trials,in vitroandin vivo, and a 7-month feeding trial were carried out. Concentrates were limited in the feeding trial to 6 kg/head per day, and roughages were offeredad libitum.Dry matter digestibilityin vitrowas significantly higher on CH than on WS and was significantly increased by NaOH treatment. Level of NaOH and neutralization of residual alkali had no significant effect. Intake of WS was increased by treatment with 30 g NaOH/kg in the digestibility and feeding trials. Increasing the level of NaOH to 60 g/kg reduced intake of both roughages. Digestibility of organic matter of WS was increased by NaOH treatment at both levels, by 25 to 30%, while that of CH was improved significantly only by the higher level. Neutralization had no effect. The actual intake of roughages was 30 to 35% of the entire ration. The rate of gain of animals offered roughages treated with 30 g NaOH/kg was non-significantly increased, and that of animals offered roughages treated with 60 g NaOH/kg was reduced significantly in comparison with the control. Animals offered NaOH-treated roughages had a significantly higher dressing percentage, and those offered treated WS had a greater fat trim than the control animals. Efficiency of conversion of metabolizable energy into live or carcass weight for both roughages was improved only with the neutralized 30 g NaOH/kg treatment. Comparing the performance in this study with that of a former study of similar design in which the same roughages were offered wet, revealed no marked advantage from pelleting.

Determinants of Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in Lower Egypt: A Community- Based Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehal El koofy ◽  
Eman Mohamed Ibraheim Moawad ◽  
Safaa Tawfik ◽  
Doaa Hamed Mohamed El-Sabakhawi
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Abstract Background: The optimal feeding practice in infants and young children is the key in shaping their adequate growth and development. Methods: The study aimed to explore the multiple interactions that influence the complexity of infant feeding in Egypt and acknowledge the common beliefs, attitudes and practices regarding breastfeeding and weaning process. Energy and nutrients daily intake provided by complementary foods was also investigated. Structured interview survey gathering data on maternal feeding practices related to infants and young children, clinical and nutritional status of infants and their nutrient daily intake was administered to 235 mother-infant pairs recruited from Nile Delta. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was significantly reported in 55.8% (p < 0.001), being optimum in only 8.9 % of infants and significantly predicted in mothers aged 25-29 years. The complementary feeding started at ≥ 6 months in 58.3 % of infants and significantly based on commercial recipes ((p < 0.001). Cessation of breastfeeding (34.5 %) was mainly associated with maternal perception of insufficient breast milk (16.2 %) and significantly associated with female gender (p<0.001), rural residence (p<0.001), maternal age (25-29 years), parental occupation and paternal education (p<0.001). Calcium (58.7 %), vitamin B2 (45.1 %) and vitamin C (55.7 %) were the only nutrients adequately consumed. Conclusions: In Egypt, infant and young feeding practices are still far from the recommended levels. Collaboration between government entities and non-profit organizations is required to improve maternal knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and practices.

The nutritive value of fodder cellulose from wheat straw. II. The utilization of cellulose by growing and fattening pigs

1947 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman ◽  
R. E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Preceding Communication ◽  
True Measure ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Resultant Material

The fodder cellulose used in this investigation was prepared from wheat straw by the factory process described in the preceding communication. It was dried and milled, so that the resultant material was light and fluffy in character, with the fibres well frayed. This was considered to be important, since the physical state of the cellulose might exert a considerable influence on the ability of the intestinal bacteria to bring about its fermentation and breakdown.It was shown in the preceding paper that the fodder cellulose, on the basis of dry matter, contains 79·8% of crude fibre, of 85·1% digestibility, and 69·2% of ‘total digestible nutrients’. The present feeding trial has demonstrated that the figure for ‘total digestible nutrients’ obtained from the results of the pig digestion trial is a true measure of the productive value of the fodder cellulose for growth and fattening in bacon pigs, provided that the product is fed in a finely divided condition and in intimate admixture with the meal forming the rest of the ration.

scholarly journals Nutritive value index of treated wheat straw with Pleurotus fungi

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fazaeli
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Wheat straw was inoculated with spawns of two species of Pleurotus fungi (coded: PF and PO) and incubated in a fermentation room at 22?5?C and 70?5, relative humidity. After 17 days of spawning, when the substrate was completely covered by fungal mycelia, half of the bags were removed from the fermentation room, sun dried and used for in vitro measurements and in vivo study as well, using of sheep. For the remainder of the bags, fermentation was allowed for seven weeks during which the fruiting mushroom was harvested two times, and then spent straw was collected and dried under the sun. In a feeding trial, in vivo digestibility and voluntary intake of treated straw was compared with initial straw in cattle, when the dietary treatments were: 1) Initial wheat straw (IWS); 2) Fungal (PF) treated wheat straw before mushroom formation (FTWS); 3) Fungal (PF) spent wheat straw (SPWS) after mushroom was harvested. Results showed that, the fungal treatments significantly (P<0.05) affected the nutrient composition of wheat straw by increasing the CP and ash, but decreasing the OM, NDF, ADF, ADL, cellulose (CL) and hemi cellulose (HCL) contents. The in vitro digestibility of DM and OM were significantly (P<0.05) the highest for PF treated straw but the lowest for the initial straw. The in vivo digestibility of most components were significantly (P<0.05) increased, in sheep, however treatment PF showed the higher amounts of digestibility than that of the PO with exception for crude protein CP and HCL. Regarding the feeding trial by cow, results indicated that, the highest amount of DM and OM digestibility were found in FTWS followed by SPWS, but the initial straw had the lowest digestibility (P<0.05). Average daily intake of DM, OM, as well as the digestible DM and OM intake were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments. In comparison to the IWS, PO inoculated straw increased the voluntary intake of digestible DM and OM, at the stage of mycellial running, however, the digestibility and intake of SPWS were significantly (P<0.05) reduced to the level of initial straw. In conclusion, fermentation of wheat straw by Pleurotus florida and P. ostreatus, improved the nutritive value of straw although the effect of P.F. was more than that of the P.O. In addition, fungal treatment of straw before mushroom formation, improved the nutritive value index, but no enhancement was found in SPWS comparing with the initial straw.

Adoption and Commercialization of Green Corn, Green Corn –Based Silage, Haylage and Ummb Production for Dairy Cattle in Cagayan Valley, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Eva U. Cammayo ◽  
Nilo E. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Dairy Animals

This research aimed to improve dairy production and increase the income of dairy farmers using locally available feed resources. Small-scale milk producers rely heavily on available feed resources in the locality which are either indigenous in the area or introduced species for feed and nutrition of their dairy cattle and buffalos. Their milk output depends mainly on seasonal fluctuations in the quality and quantity of natural forage. Crop residues such as corn stover and rice straw which are high in fiber but low in nutrients serve as a feed supplement and filler to the daily diets of dairy cattle and buffalos. Cagayan Valley is an ear of top corn and rice-producing region. The potential of crop residues as feed supplements or raw materials of dairy cattle/buffalo feed mix is great. But dairy farmers still face the scarcity problem of quality feed resources for dairy animals especially during the dry season. The supply of forage is very low during the dry spell. Inadequate feed mix and low nutritive value of feed mix result in low or no milk production. Producing green corn and ensiling it to produce green corn silage preserves and prolong the storage life of forages. In this way, a stable supply of feed mix for dairy animals is assured year-round. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: adoption and commercialization, dairy industry, financial viability, green-corn silage production, indigenous grasses, smallholder farmers.

Improving the intake and nutritive value of wheat straw for beef cows

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Faulkner ◽  
G.L. Llamas ◽  
J.K. Ward ◽  
T.J. Klopfenstein
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Beef Cows

scholarly journals Implication of O2 dynamics for both N2O and CH4 emissions from soil during biological soil disinfestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Xuehong Ma ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Guitong Li ◽  
Kun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Hypoxic Area ◽  
Hypoxic Fraction ◽  
Biological Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Straw Incorporation

AbstractSoil O2 dynamics have significant influences on greenhouse gas emissions during soil management practice. In this study, we deployed O2-specific planar optodes to visualize spatiotemporal distribution of O2 in soils treated with biological soil disinfestation (BSD). This study aimed to reveal the role of anoxia development on emissions of N2O and CH4 from soil amended with crop residues during BSD period. The incorporation of crop residues includes wheat straw only, wheat straw with biochar and early straw incorporation. The anoxia in soil developed very fast within 3 days, while the O2 in headspace decreased much slower and it became anaerobic after 5 days, which was significantly affected by straw and biochar additions. The N2O emissions were positively correlated with soil hypoxic fraction. The CH4 emissions were not significant until the anoxia dominated in both soil and headspace. The co-application of biochar with straw delayed the anoxia development and extended the hypoxic area in soil, resulting in lower emissions of N2O and CH4. Those results highlight that the soil O2 dynamic was the key variable triggering the N2O and CH4 productions. Therefore, detailed information of soil O2 availability could be highly beneficial for optimizing the strategies of organic amendments incorporation in the BSD technique.

Upgrading wheat straw with urea at a tropical temperature: effects of amount of urea and moisture on in vitro digestibility and pH

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
I.U. Haq ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
On Farm

Urea-ammonia treatment of straws in the tropics involves mixing 1.0 kg of air dry straw with 1.0 kg of a 40 g/kg urea solution and storing under plastic for at least 4 weeks (Schiere and Ibrahim, 1989). The economics of treatment is dependent on the cost of urea. Treatment cost would reduce, if on-farm-produced urine, e.g. cow urine, could be used as a source of urea. However cow urine is dilute and may contain only 10 g/kg urea or less (Owen, 1993). The present study therefore investigated varying concentrations of urea solution for treating wheat straw at a tropical temperature.

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