scholarly journals Glucose Intake Alters Expression of Neuropeptides Derived from Proopiomelanocortin in the Lateral Hypothalamus and the Nucleus Accumbens in Fructose Preference Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangfa Jiao ◽  
Guozhong Zhang ◽  
Haiying Wang ◽  
Weilin Zhao ◽  
Yanwei Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Saccharine Solution ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Glucose Intake ◽  
Bottle Test ◽  
Backward Conditioning

To study the neuroendocrine mechanism of sugar preference, we investigated the role of glucose feeding in the regulation of expression levels of neuropeptides derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in fructose preference rats. Fructose preference rats were induced by using the lithium chloride backward conditioning procedure. The fructose preference was confirmed by the two-bottle test. The drinking behavior of rats was assessed by the fructose concentration gradient test. The preference of 10% glucose or 0.1% saccharine was assessed, and the expression levels of neuropeptides derived from POMC in the LH and the NAc in fructose preference rats were measured by Western blot analysis. Fructose preference rats displayed a greater fructose preference than control rats. Furthermore, fructose preference rats preferred glucose solution rather than saccharine solution, while control rats preferred saccharine solution rather than glucose solution. The expression levels of neuropeptides derived from POMC in the LH and the NAc were changed by glucose but not saccharine intake. In summary, the data suggests that glucose intake increases the expression of neuropeptides derived from POMC in the LH and the NAc in fructose preference rats.

Oral glucose intake inhibits hypothalamic neuronal activity more effectively than glucose infusion

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. E754-E758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. M. Smeets ◽  
Solrun Vidarsdottir ◽  
Cees de Graaf ◽  
Annette Stafleu ◽  
Matthias J. P. van Osch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Transient Signal ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Glucose Intake ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

We previously showed that hypothalamic neuronal activity, as measured by the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI signal, declines in response to oral glucose intake. To further explore the mechanism driving changes in hypothalamic neuronal activity in response to an oral glucose load, we here compare hypothalamic BOLD signal changes subsequent to an oral vs. an intravenous (iv) glucose challenge in healthy humans. Seven healthy, normal-weight men received four interventions in random order after an overnight fast: 1) ingestion of glucose solution (75 g in 300 ml) or 2) water (300 ml), and 3) iv infusion of 40% glucose solution (0.5 g/kg body wt, maximum 35 g) or 4) infusion of saline (0.9% NaCl, equal volume). The BOLD signal was recorded as of 8 min prior to intervention (baseline) until 30 min after. Glucose infusion was associated with a modest and transient signal decline in the hypothalamus. In contrast, glucose ingestion was followed by a profound and persistent signal decrease despite the fact that plasma glucose levels were almost threefold lower than in response to iv administration. Accordingly, glucose ingestion tended to suppress hunger more than iv infusion ( P < 0.1). We infer that neural and endocrine signals emanating from the gastrointestinal tract are critical for the hypothalamic response to nutrient ingestion.

Features of the involvement of the dopamine and serotonin brain systems in positive and negative emotional states in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Eugenii R. Bychkov ◽  
Andrei A. Lebedev ◽  
Nikolai S. Efimov ◽  
Artyem S. Kryukov ◽  
Inessa V. Karpova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Aversive Stimulation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Self Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The aim was to study the effect of rewarding and aversive stimulation of lateral hypothalamus on the turnover of monoamines in the terminal structures of the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal systems: the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striatum (St). The Wistar male rats were implanted electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus and further trained in self-stimulation test. Animals were also selected on aversive emotional reactions were observed after pressing the pedal for self-stimulation. Subsequently, forced stimulation was performed for 5 minutes and the animals were decapitated. The content of norepinephrine, dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dioxiphenylacetic acid (DOPАС) and homovanilinic acid, serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the nucleus accumbens and striatum were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Positive and aversive stimulation of lateral hypothalamus decreased the level of DA in the NAc, however, only stimulation of the positive emotiogenic zone increased the DA and 5-HT turnover in the NAc, as evidenced by an increase in the DOPАС/DA and 5-HIAA/SER ratios, respectively. Rewarding and aversive stimulation decreased the level of 5-HT in St, however, only rewarding stimulation decreased the St level of 5-HIAA compared to control and animals with aversive stimulation. Rewarding stimulation increased the turnover of serotonin in St, as evidenced by the increase of 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios. The activity of the noradrenergic system did not change after rewarding and aversive stimulation. Thus, both rewarding and aversive electrical stimulation increases the turnover of DA and 5-HT in NAc and St. However, these changes are more significant after rewarding stimulation. DA turnover increases more in NAc, and 5-HT turnover in St. The data obtained indicate the specificity of the dopaminergic and serotonergic involvement for the formation of a modality of emotional reactions. Data may provide guidance for developing treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric diseases related to the malfunction of the reward system.

scholarly journals Differential protein expression of DARPP-32 versus Calcineurin in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuto Kunii ◽  
Mizuki Hino ◽  
Junya Matsumoto ◽  
Atsuko Nagaoka ◽  
Hiroyuki Nawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Differential Protein Expression ◽  
Expression Ratio ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract Dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of molecular weight 32 kDa (DARPP-32) integrates dopaminergic signaling into that of several other neurotransmitters. Calcineurin (CaN), located downstream of dopaminergic pathways, inactivates DARPP-32 by dephosphorylation. Despite several studies have examined their expression levels of gene and protein in postmortem patients’ brains, they rendered inconsistent results. In this study, protein expression levels of DARPP-32 and CaN were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of 49 postmortem samples from subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and normal controls. We also examined the association between this expression and genetic variants of 8 dopaminergic system-associated molecules for 55 SNPs in the same postmortem samples. In the PFC of patients with schizophrenia, levels of DARPP-32 were significantly decreased, while those of CaN tended to increase. In the NAc, both of DARPP-32 and CaN showed no significant alternations in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Further analysis of the correlation of DARPP-32 and CaN expressions, we found that positive correlations in controls and schizophrenia in PFC, and schizophrenia in NAc. In PFC, the expression ratio of DARPP-32/CaN were significantly lower in schizophrenia than controls. We also found that several of the aforementioned SNPs may predict protein expression, one of which was confirmed in a second independent sample set. This differential expression of DARPP-32 and CaN may reflect potential molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, or differences between these two major psychiatric diseases.

P.0255 Alcohol chronic administration and relapse alter the expression levels of the protein hevin in the nucleus accumbens in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. S185-S186
Author(s):  
A. Nuñez-delMoral ◽  
P.C. Bianchi ◽  
F.C. Cruz ◽  
V. Vialou ◽  
L.F. Callado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Expression Levels
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