scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

PPAR Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Rui Kong ◽  
Hui Luo ◽  
Xiaorong Xu ◽  
Jie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
The Right

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Concurrent to an increase in NAFLD prevalence, there is an increase in the obesity epidemic and the correlated insulin-resistant state. It is a challenge to diagnose NAFLD because many patients are asymptomatic until the later stages of disease. The most common symptoms include fatigue, malaise, and discomfort in the right upper quadrant. The major and most accurate tool to clinically diagnose NAFLD is a liver biopsy, followed by histological analysis. However, this procedure is invasive and often carries a high risk of complications. Currently, there are no officially approved medications for the treatment of NAFLD. Although lifestyle modifications with proper diet and exercise have been shown to be beneficial, this has been difficult to achieve and sustain for many patients. Effective pharmacological treatments are still lacking; therefore, additional research to identify novel drugs is clearly warranted. PPARs are promising drug targets for the management of NAFLD and its related conditions of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies on the association of PPARs and NAFLD.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1578-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Angelico ◽  
M. Del Ben ◽  
R. Conti ◽  
S. Francioso ◽  
K. Feole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Background/Aims: An association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with the insulin-resistant metabolic syndrome has been suggested. The aim of the study was to assess the association of fatty liver to different degrees of insulin resistance and secretion. Methods and Results: The study was performed in 308 alcohol- and virus-negative consecutive patients attending a metabolic clinic, who underwent a complete clinical and biochemical work-up including oral glucose tolerance test and routine liver ultrasonography. Steatosis was graded as absent/mild, moderate, and severe. In nondiabetic subjects, a progressive (P < 0.05) increase in mean homeostasis model of insulin resistance was recorded from the group without steatosis to the groups with mild/moderate and severe steatosis. Severe steatosis was associated with the clustering of the five clinical and biochemical features proposed for the clinical diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. Subjects with the metabolic syndrome with a more pronounced insulin resistance had a higher prevalence of severe steatosis (P < 0.01) compared with those with homeostasis model of insulin resistance below the median. Conclusions: The findings stress the heterogeneous presentation of patients with the metabolic syndrome when the diagnosis is based on the broad Adult Treatment Panel III clinical criteria and demonstrate that those who are more insulin resistant have a higher prevalence of severe steatosis.

scholarly journals Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma2 polymorphisms in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A study in Brazilian patients

Gene ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 529 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Aparecida Domenici ◽  
Maria José Franco Brochado ◽  
Ana de Lourdes Candolo Martinelli ◽  
Sergio Zucoloto ◽  
Selma Freire de Carvalho da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

scholarly journals The Mitochondrial Trigger in an Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Guglielmina Chimienti ◽  
Antonella Orlando ◽  
Francesco Russo ◽  
Benedetta D’Attoma ◽  
Manuela Aragno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading liver chronic disease featuring hepatic steatosis. Mitochondrial β-oxidation participates in the derangement of lipid metabolism at the basis of NAFLD, and mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to the onset of the disease. We evaluated the presence and effects of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the liver from rats fed a high-fat plus fructose (HF-F) diet inducing NAFLD. Supplementation with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a multitarget antioxidant, was tested for efficacy in delaying NAFLD. A marked mitochondrial oxidative stress was originated by all diets, as demonstrated by the decrease in Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) and Peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) amounts. All diets induced a decrease in mitochondrial DNA content and an increase in its oxidative damage. The diets negatively affected mitochondrial biogenesis as shown by decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and the COX-IV subunit from the cytochrome c oxidase complex. The reduced amounts of Beclin-1 and lipidated LC3 II form of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) unveiled the diet-related autophagy’s decrease. The DHEA supplementation did not prevent the diet-induced changes. These results demonstrate the relevance of mitochondrial oxidative stress and the sequential dysfunction of the organelles in an obesogenic diet animal model of NAFLD.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity and other illnesses

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tarantino
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The estimated prevalence of NonAlcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the general population in western countries is about 30%, but it is higher among obese and diabetic people. It is likely that more sophisticated approaches are required to understand its pathogenesis and to develop drug targets. In the meantime, the range of associations between NAFLD and other illnesses broadens. Although association does not mean causation, the link between some diseases and NAFLD suggests a common mechanism.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Components in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): What Key Messages Can Health Care Providers Offer?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiarash Riazi ◽  
Maitreyi Raman ◽  
Lorian Taylor ◽  
Mark G. Swain ◽  
Abdel Aziz Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rising epidemic worldwide and will be the leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplant within the next decade. NAFLD is considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Behaviors, such as a sedentary lifestyle and consuming a Western diet, have led to substantial challenges in managing NAFLD patients. With no curative pharmaceutical therapies, lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes and exercise, that ultimately lead to weight loss remain the only effective therapy for NAFLD. Multiple diets, including low-carbohydrate, low-fat, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean (MD) diets, have been evaluated. NAFLD patients have shown better outcomes with a modified diet, such as the MD diet, where patients are encouraged to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and olive oil. It is increasingly clear that a personalized approach to managing NAFLD patients, based on their preferences and needs, should be implemented. In our review, we cover NAFLD management, with a specific focus on dietary patterns and their components. We emphasize the successful approaches highlighted in recent studies to provide recommendations that health care providers could apply in managing their NAFLD patients.

scholarly journals Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Focus on New Biomarkers and Lifestyle Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3899
Author(s):  
Maria Notarnicola ◽  
Alberto Ruben Osella ◽  
Maria Gabriella Caruso ◽  
Pasqua Letizia Pesole ◽  
Antonio Lippolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Disease Focus

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, characterized from pathological changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Its main characteristics are excessive lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, which create a lipotoxic environment in hepatocytes leading to liver injury. Recently, many studies have focused on the identification of the genetic and epigenetic modifications that also contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis and their prognostic implications. The present review is aimed to discuss on cellular and metabolic alterations associated with NAFLD, which can be helpful to identify new noninvasive biomarkers. The identification of accumulated lipids in the cell membranes, as well as circulating cytokeratins and exosomes, provides new insights in understanding of NAFLD. This review also suggests that lifestyle modifications remain the main prevention and/or treatment for NAFLD.

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