scholarly journals Measurement and Clinical Significance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Marrocco ◽  
Fabio Altieri ◽  
Ilaria Peluso
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Methodological Bias ◽  
Nonenzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress is the result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Biomarkers of oxidative stress are relevant in the evaluation of the disease status and of the health-enhancing effects of antioxidants. We aim to discuss the major methodological bias of methods used for the evaluation of oxidative stress in humans. There is a lack of consensus concerning the validation, standardization, and reproducibility of methods for the measurement of the following: (1) ROS in leukocytes and platelets by flow cytometry, (2) markers based on ROS-induced modifications of lipids, DNA, and proteins, (3) enzymatic players of redox status, and (4) total antioxidant capacity of human body fluids. It has been suggested that the bias of each method could be overcome by using indexes of oxidative stress that include more than one marker. However, the choice of the markers considered in the global index should be dictated by the aim of the study and its design, as well as by the clinical relevance in the selected subjects. In conclusion, the clinical significance of biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans must come from a critical analysis of the markers that should give an overall index of redox status in particular conditions.

Oxidative Stress Levels, JAK2V617F Mutational Status and Thrombotic Complications in Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 2822-2825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornel Moisa ◽  
Mihnea Alexandru Gaman ◽  
Camelia Cristina Diaconu ◽  
Amelia Maria Gaman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Essential Thrombocythemia ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
The Relationship

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpression induces a growth advantage to JAK2V617F-positive clones and, in association with a higher number of immature platelets, leukocytosis, and additional cardiovascular risk factors, leads to an increased risk for thrombotic events. We evaluated oxidative stress by measuring ROS levels and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in 62 ET patients and investigated the relationship between oxidative stress, JAK2V617F mutational status and the development of thrombotic events. We found higher oxidative stress levels in JAK2V617F-positive vs. JAK2V617F-negative ET cases with no significant differences between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. Increased ROS levels and thrombotic events were more frequent in ET patients with old age at diagnosis, higher haematocrit levels or leukocytosis.

scholarly journals Fighting Oxidative Stress with Sulfur: Hydrogen Sulfide in the Renal and Cardiovascular Systems

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Scammahorn ◽  
Isabel T. N. Nguyen ◽  
Eelke M. Bos ◽  
Harry Van Goor ◽  
Jaap A. Joles
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an essential gaseous signaling molecule. Research on its role in physiological and pathophysiological processes has greatly expanded. Endogenous enzymatic production through the transsulfuration and cysteine catabolism pathways can occur in the kidneys and blood vessels. Furthermore, non-enzymatic pathways are present throughout the body. In the renal and cardiovascular system, H2S plays an important role in maintaining the redox status at safe levels by promoting scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2S also modifies cysteine residues on key signaling molecules such as keap1/Nrf2, NFκB, and HIF-1α, thereby promoting anti-oxidant mechanisms. Depletion of H2S is implicated in many age-related and cardiorenal diseases, all having oxidative stress as a major contributor. Current research suggests potential for H2S-based therapies, however, therapeutic interventions have been limited to studies in animal models. Beyond H2S use as direct treatment, it could improve procedures such as transplantation, stem cell therapy, and the safety and efficacy of drugs including NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors. All in all, H2S is a prime subject for further research with potential for clinical use.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress, Telomere Shortening, and Apoptosis Associated to Sarcopenia and Frailty in Patients with Multimorbidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máximo Bernabeu-Wittel ◽  
Raquel Gómez-Díaz ◽  
Álvaro González-Molina ◽  
Sofía Vidal-Serrano ◽  
Jesús Díez-Manglano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Background: The presence of oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and apoptosis in polypathological patients (PP) with sarcopenia and frailty remains unknown. Methods: Multicentric prospective observational study in order to assess oxidative stress markers (catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), total antioxidant capacity to reactive oxygen species (TAC-ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), absolute telomere length (aTL), and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) in peripheral blood samples of a hospital-based population of PP. Associations of these biomarkers to sarcopenia, frailty, functional status, and 12-month mortality were analyzed. Results: Of the 444 recruited patients, 97 (21.8%), 278 (62.6%), and 80 (18%) were sarcopenic, frail, or both, respectively. Oxidative stress markers (lower TAC-ROS and higher SOD) were significantly enhanced and aTL significantly shortened in patients with sarcopenia, frailty or both syndromes. No evidence of apoptosis was detected in blood leukocytes of any of the patients. Both oxidative stress markers (GR, p = 0.04) and telomere shortening (p = 0.001) were associated to death risk and to less survival days. Conclusions: Oxidative stress markers and telomere length were enhanced and shortened, respectively, in blood samples of polypathological patients with sarcopenia and/or frailty. Both were associated to decreased survival. They could be useful in the clinical practice to assess vulnerable populations with multimorbidity and of potential interest as therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Buprenorphine and Methadone as Opioid Maintenance Treatments for Heroin-Addicted Patients Induce Oxidative Stress in Blood

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christonikos Leventelis ◽  
Nikolaos Goutzourelas ◽  
Aikaterini Kortsinidou ◽  
Ypatios Spanidis ◽  
Georgia Toulia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Beneficial Action ◽  
The Impact

Buprenorphine and methadone are two substances widely used in the substitution treatment of patients who are addicted to opioids. Although it is known that they partly act efficiently towards this direction, there is no evidence regarding their effects on the redox status of patients, a mechanism that could potentially improve their action. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to examine the impact of buprenorphine and methadone, which are administered as substitutes to heroin-dependent patients on specific redox biomarkers in the blood. From the results obtained, both the buprenorphine (n=21) and the methadone (n=21) groups exhibited oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant defence. This was evident by the decreased glutathione (GSH) concentration and catalase activity in erythrocytes and the increased concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls in the plasma, while there was no significant alteration of plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to the healthy individuals (n=29). Furthermore, methadone revealed more severe oxidant action compared to buprenorphine. Based on relevant studies, the tested substitutes mitigate the detrimental effects of heroin on patient redox status; still it appears that they need to be boosted. Therefore, concomitant antioxidant administration could potentially enhance their beneficial action, and most probably, buprenorphine that did not induce oxidative stress in such a severe mode as methadone, on the regulation of blood redox status.

scholarly journals Development of a novel molecular probe for the detection of liver mitochondrial redox metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Zahangir Hosain ◽  
Fuminori Hyodo ◽  
Takeshi Mori ◽  
Koyo Takahashi ◽  
Yusuke Nagao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Carnitine Transporter ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Metabolic Reactions

Abstract Redox status influences the course of the inflammatory, metabolic, and proliferative liver diseases. Oxidative stress is thought to play a crucial and sustained role in the pathological progression of early steatosis to severe hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species which are generated in the mitochondria can lead to chronic organelle damage in hepatocytes. Currently, the diagnosis of liver disease requires liver biopsy, which is invasive and associated with complications. The present report describes the development of a novel molecular probe, EDA-PROXYL, with higher reactivity and mitochondrial selectivity than standard carboxyl-PROXYL and carbamoyl-PROXYL probes. The membrane permeability of our probe improved in aqueous environments which led to increased accumulation in the liver and interaction of EDA-PROXYL with the carnitine transporter via the amine (NH3+) group further increased accumulation. This increased mitochondrial sensitivity and enhanced accumulation highlight the potential of EDA-PROXYL as a molecular probe for determining metabolic reactions of the mitochondria. Thus, this novel probe could be a tool for the evaluation of redox status of the mitochondria to assess the degree of liver injury and, ultimately, the response to pharmacological therapy.

scholarly journals Elevated DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress, and Impaired Response Defense System Inflicted in Patients With Myocardial Infarction

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 780-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumayya Shahzad ◽  
Asif Hasan ◽  
Abul Faiz Faizy ◽  
Somaiya Mateen ◽  
Naureen Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Coronary Events ◽  
Grace Score ◽  
Score Risk

Background: Ischemic tissue damage in myocardial infarction (MI) is allied with the exaggerated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) beyond the countering capability of chain-breaking radical scavengers, fallouts in the form of oxidatively burdened myocardial tissue. Methods: One hundred and twenty five patients with MI were included in the study to evaluate the dynamics of redox status of patients by monitoring the antioxidant potential, biomarkers of oxidative stress, lipid indices, RBC membrane damage when compared to healthy individuals in patients with MI congregated on the basis of Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score, risk factors, and age. Results: Higher levels of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, lipid indices, ROS content, and membrane deterioration in erythrocytes were seen in patients with MI. Furthermore, reduced activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and lower concentrations of antioxidant molecules, plus reduced total antioxidant capacity, were observed in plasma of all patients with MI with respect to control. However, elevation in oxidative stress was found to be significantly marked in patients having GRACE score >100, risk factors, and MI >45 years when compared to patients with GRACE score ≤100, without risk factors, and MI ≤45 years, respectively. Conclusion: These findings indicate the existence of increased oxidative damage and reduced antioxidant potential in patients with MI have a potent relationship with their GRACE risk score, risk factors, and age.

scholarly journals The effect of acrylamide on sperm oxidative stress, total antioxidant levels, tyrosine phosphorylation, and carboxymethyl-lysine expression: A laboratory study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojdeh Hosseinpoor Kashani ◽  
Mina Ramezani ◽  
Zeinab Piravar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Carboxymethyl Lysine

Background: Acrylamide (AA) is a reactive molecule produced during food processing at temperatures above 120°C. Objective: To evaluate the impact of different concentrations of AA on human sperm parameters, oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, semen samples were obtained from healthy donors referred to the Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran between June and July 2019. Samples were divided into four groups (n = 10/each): one control and three treatment groups (0.5, 1, and 2 mM of AA). After 2 hr of exposure to AA, the superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels were measured based on colorimetric methods. The TAC was determined by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay. Flow cytometry was performed to measure the intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Also, immunohistochemistry was done to determine the effect of AA on tyrosine phosphorylation and carboxymethyl-lysine expression. Results: Results of the study demonstrated that the motility and viability of spermatozoa were significantly decreased after AA exposure (p < 0.001). This decrease was also seen in the TAC and superoxide dismutase activity as well as in the phosphotyrosine percentage compared with the control (p < 0.01). However, the carboxymethyllysine and prooxidant activity including reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation level increased (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Overall, the results confirmed the detrimental effect of AA on human spermatozoa which may be due to oxidative stress and decreased total antioxidant levels. AA may reduce fertility by reducing sperm capacitation and motility. Key words: Acrylamide, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant, Spermatozoa, Infertility.

scholarly journals Redox status in the blood of ewes in the perinatal period and during lactation

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ognik ◽  
Krzysztof Patkowski ◽  
Tomasz Gruszecki ◽  
Krzysztof Kostro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Stress Oxidative

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the perinatal period on redox status indicators in the blood of ewes before and after lambing and during lactation. The study was performed on 12 ewes of the synthetic SCP line. Blood for testing of redox parameters was collected seven times: before pregnancy, 1.5 months and 24 h before lambing, 2 and 24 h after lambing, and in the fourth and eighth weeks of lactation. The following blood indices were determined by spectrophotometry: lipid peroxides, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, plasma total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, urea, bilirubin, and creatinine. The tests showed that during the perinatal period reactions are generated which lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in pregnant ewes was found to increase during the period before lambing and may persist even up to weeks 4-8 of lactation.

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