scholarly journals Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Carneiro ◽  
José Paulo Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Developed World

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. In this narrative review, we will summarize the nutritional interventions evaluated in numerous observational studies and a few randomized clinical trials. The AREDS and AREDS2 studies demonstrated that supplements including vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and zinc may reduce the progression to advanced AMD, in some patients, by 25% in five years. This is one of the few nutritional supplements known to have beneficial effects in any eye disease. Lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation may have beneficial effects in some individuals whereas omega-3 fatty acids supplementation needs to be further investigated and supported by more evidence. Genetic factors may explain the different patterns of response and explain differences found among individuals. More importantly, a combination of lifestyle behaviors such as the avoidance of smoking, physical activity, and the adoption of a healthy dietary pattern like the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower prevalence of AMD. The adoption of these lifestyles may reduce the prevalence of the early stages of AMD and decrease the number of individuals who develop advanced AMD and consequently the onerous and climbing costs associated with the treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals Prevention of the Onset of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3297
Author(s):  
Emiliano Di Carlo ◽  
Albert J. Augustin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Risk Factors ◽  
Age Related

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents the leading cause of irreversible blindness in elderly people, mostly after the age of 65. The progressive deterioration of visual function in patients affected by AMD has a significant impact on quality of life and has also high social costs. The current therapeutic options are only partially able to slow down the natural course of the disease, without being capable of stopping its progression. Therefore, better understanding of the possibilities to prevent the onset of the disease is needed. In this regard, a central role is played by the identification of risk factors, which might participate to the development of the disease. Among these, the most researched are dietary risk factors, lifestyle, and light exposure. Many studies showed that a higher dietary intake of nutrients, such as lutein, zeaxanthin, beta carotene, omega-3 fatty acids and zinc, reduced the risk of early AMD. Regarding lifestyle habits, the association between smoking and AMD is currently accepted. Finally, retinal damage caused by ultraviolet rays and blue light is also worthy of attention. The scope of this review is to summarize the present knowledge focusing on the measures to adopt in order to prevent the onset of AMD.

scholarly journals The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Annamaria Tisi ◽  
Marco Feligioni ◽  
Maurizio Passacantando ◽  
Marco Ciancaglini ◽  
Rita Maccarone
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

The blood retinal barrier (BRB) is a fundamental eye component, whose function is to select the flow of molecules from the blood to the retina and vice-versa, and its integrity allows the maintenance of a finely regulated microenvironment. The outer BRB, composed by the choriocapillaris, the Bruch’s membrane, and the retinal pigment epithelium, undergoes structural and functional changes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness worldwide. BRB alterations lead to retinal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Several risk factors have been associated with AMD onset in the past decades and oxidative stress is widely recognized as a key factor, even if the exact AMD pathophysiology has not been exactly elucidated yet. The present review describes the BRB physiology, the BRB changes occurring in AMD, the role of oxidative stress in AMD with a focus on the outer BRB structures. Moreover, we propose the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles as a new powerful anti-oxidant agent to combat AMD, based on the relevant existing data which demonstrated their beneficial effects in protecting the outer BRB in animal models of AMD.

scholarly journals Predicting the retinal content in omega‐3 fatty acids for age‐related macular‐degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niyazi Acar ◽  
Bénédicte M. J. Merle ◽  
Soufiane Ajana ◽  
Zhiguo He ◽  
Stéphane Grégoire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Dietary Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Omega-3- Essential Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Selected Australian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
Kingsley Kalu ◽  
Angelica Ly ◽  
Charles McMonnies ◽  
Jayashree Arcot
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Family History ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the dietary intakes of lutein, zeaxanthin (L + Z) and omega-3-essential fatty acid(EFA) among a selected population of Australian based adults and to examine the effect of specified risk factors for age-related macular degeneration(AMD) on those levels. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 70 adults aged 19–52 years was carried out. Demographic data were obtained using an online self-administered questionnaire while dietary intakes were estimated using USDA's 24 hours recall questionnaire, the Victorian Cancer Council(Australia) food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric characteristics were obtained using a body composition analyzer. Dietary intakes of lutein, zeaxanthin, omega-3-EFA and anthropometric indices against the risk of AMD were established using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation. Results The mean age of the population was 29.9 ± 8.1years with 51% men and 49% women. Women had a higher intake of L + Z (1908.6 μg/day versus 1032.8 μg/day) and alpha-linolenic acid(ALA) compared to men(1.7 ± 1.1 g/day versus 1.6 ± 1.2 g/day). Men consumed more omega-3-EFA than women (433 ± 397.1 mg/day versus 365 ± 210.7 mg/day). L + Z levels were higher among people of Middle Eastern and South Asian origin (>4000 μg/day) in the 19–25years age group. People of Middle Eastern, South East Asian and South Asian had the highest intake of omega-3-EFA(>500 mg/day) at ages 19–25, 26–32 and 34–52years respectively. Women aged 34–52years with a family history of AMD had higher levels of L + Z(>2500 μg/day) while women aged 26–32years with a family history of AMD had higher levels of ALA(>3 g/day). Ethnicity and L + Z were correlated (P = −0.456, P < 0.02). Higher levels of intake of L + Z (>4000 μg/day) were seen in participants aged 34–52years with a 5–10years residence in Australia. Participants who had less than 5–10years of residency had higher levels of omega-3-EFA(>500 mg/day) for ages 26–32years while those aged 34–52years who had less than 5years of residency had higher ALA(>4 g/day). Conclusions Intake levels for L + Z vary significantly among participants. Culturally specific dietary habits could feasibly influence the levels of intake of L + Z. Intake levels of omega-3-EFA were met. This study provides detailed intake levels of L + Z and omega-3-EFA for the ‘at-risk’ AMD group. Funding Sources No funding source.

scholarly journals The role of balanced supplementation in diet of age-related macular degeneration patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Iwona Kusz vel Sobczuk ◽  
Anna Święch
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Immune Response Modulation

Aim: The aim of the article was to discuss the role of balanced supplementation in diet of age-related macular degeneration patients. Methods: This review was carried out using comprehensive and systematic literature reports on the role of supplementation of vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin, omega-3 acid and folic acid in the prevention of AMD. Results: Vitamins, minerals and carotenoids are essential for the proper retinal function over an inflammation and immune response modulation. Conclusions: Vitamins, minerals and carotenoids discussed in the article have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties in the management of AMD progression. Accordingly, it is relevant to assure the appropriate level of these nutrients in a diet of AMD patients.

scholarly journals Targeting lateral inhibition to improve vision following macular degeneration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rizzi ◽  
K Powell ◽  
MR Robinson ◽  
T Matsuki ◽  
J Hoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Photoreceptor Degeneration ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Inhibitory Circuits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Developed World

AbstractMacular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. Whilst most patients lose sight owing to atrophic changes, no treatments currently exist that improve the vision deficit due to atrophy. Here, we identify loss of lateral inhibition as a specific mechanism by which photoreceptor degeneration reduces visual function beyond the atrophic area. We find that this inhibition is adaptive, and that if modulated can improve visual function, making inhibitory circuits an unexpected therapeutic target for age related macular degeneration and related disorders.

Argon Laser Photocoagulation for Extrafoveal Neovascular Maculopathy

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Alan D. Penman ◽  
Kimberly W. Crowder ◽  
William M. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Laser Photocoagulation ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Green Laser ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Degeneration Study ◽  
Loss Of Visual Acuity

The Macular Photocoagulation Study (MPS) comprised three randomized clinical trials: the Senile Macular Degeneration Study (SMDS), the Ocular Histoplasmosis Study (OHS), and the Idiopathic Neovascularization Study (INVS). The goal was to determine whether, in patients with visual symptoms due to choroidal neovascularization outside the fovea (at least 200 microns from the center of the foveal avascular zone and a best corrected visual acuity of 20/100 or better caused by senile macular degeneration (now known as age-related macular degeneration), histoplasmosis, or idiopathic causes, argon blue-green laser photocoagulation prevents significant loss of visual acuity. Based on the study findings, the authors recommended that eyes with well-defined extrafoveal choroidal neovascular membranes should be treated with argon blue-green laser photocoagulation to prevent or delay significant loss of visual acuity.

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