scholarly journals A Case Study on the Impacts of Connected Vehicle Technology on No-Notice Evacuation Clearance Time

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karzan Bahaaldin ◽  
Ryan Fries ◽  
Parth Bhavsar ◽  
Plaban Das
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Connected Vehicle Technology ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure ◽  
Evacuation Traffic

No-notice evacuations of metropolitan areas can place significant demands on transportation infrastructure. Connected vehicle (CV) technology, with real-time vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communications, can help emergency managers to develop efficient and cost-effective traffic management plans for such events. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the impacts of CVs on no-notice evacuations using a case study of a downtown metropolitan area. The microsimulation software VISSIM was used to model the roadway network and the evacuation traffic. The model was built, calibrated, and validated for studying the performance of traffic during the evacuation. The researchers evaluated system performance with different CV penetration rates (from 0 to 30 percent CVs) and measured average speed, average delays, and total delays. The findings suggest significant reductions in total delays when CVs reached a penetration rate of 30 percent, albeit increases in delays during the beginning of the evacuation. Additionally, the benefits could be greater for evacuations that last longer and with higher proportions of CVs in the vehicle stream.

scholarly journals A Multidisciplinary Approach for the Mapping, Automatic Detection and Morphometric Analysis of Ancient Submerged Coastal Installations: The Case Study of the Ancient Aegina Harbour Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4462
Author(s):  
Nikos Georgiou ◽  
Xenophon Dimas ◽  
Elias Fakiris ◽  
Dimitris Christodoulou ◽  
Maria Geraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Management Plans

The documentation of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) is the basis for sustainable maritime development including its protection, preservation, and incorporation in coastal zone management plans. In this study, we present a multidisciplinary, non-intrusive downscale approach for the documentation of UCH implemented on the coastal area of Aegina Island, Greece, where a unique submerged harbour complex is preserved. This approach succeeded in obtaining information that serves both geomorphological and archaeological purposes in a time- and cost-effective way, while obtaining information of centimeters to millimeters scale. The geomorphology of the area was mapped in detail through marine geophysical means while ancient submerged conical rubble structures and breakwaters were documented using automatic seafloor segmentation techniques, revealing previously unknown sites of archaeological interest. The structures’ parameters were extracted from the acoustic data to analyze their morphometry, while photogrammetry was realized using a Remotely Operated Vehicle to expose their micro-structure. The spatial distribution of the structures revealed the construction of a well-planned harbour complex with multiple passages and different possible functionalities. Finally, through the structures’ morphometric analysis (geometry and terrain statistical parameters) their preservation status was revealed, demonstrating the anthropogenic impact on the submerged ancient structures due to the modern harbor activity.

Cybersecurity Attacks in Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Applications and Their Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (19) ◽  
pp. 66-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhafuzul Islam ◽  
Mashrur Chowdhury ◽  
Hongda Li ◽  
Hongxin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Ddos Attack ◽  
Stop Sign ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

A connected vehicle (CV) environment is comprised of diverse computing infrastructure, data communication and dissemination, and data collection systems that are vulnerable to the same cyberattacks as all traditional computing environments. Cyberattacks can jeopardize the expected safety, mobility, energy, and environmental benefits from CV applications. As cyberattacks can lead to severe consequences such as traffic incidents, it has become one of the primary concerns in CV applications. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of cyberattacks on the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) network from a V2I application point of view. Then, we develop a novel V2I cybersecurity architecture, named CVGuard, which can detect and prevent cyberattacks on the V2I applications. In designing CVGuard, key challenges, such as scalability, resiliency and future usability were considered. A case study using a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack on a V2I application, “Stop Sign Gap Assist (SSGA)” application, shows that CVGuard was effective in mitigating the adverse safety effects created by a DDoS attack. In our case study, because of the DDoS attack, conflicts between the minor and major road vehicles occurred at an unsignalized intersection, which could have caused crashes. A reduction of conflicts between vehicles occurred because CVGuard was in operation. The reduction of conflicts was compared based on the number of conflicts before and after the implementation and operation of the CVGuard security platform. Analysis revealed that the strategies adopted by CVGuard were successful in reducing the conflicts by 60% where a DDoS attack compromised the SSGA application at an unsignalized intersection.

scholarly journals Pan Traps for Tracking Honey Bee Activity-Density: A Case Study in Soybeans

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Ashley L. St. Clair ◽  
Adam G. Dolezal ◽  
Matthew E. O’Neal ◽  
Amy L. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
A Site ◽  
Monitoring Activity ◽  
Pan Traps

To study how honey bees utilize forage resources and guide pollination management plans in crops, a multitude of methods have been developed, but most are time consuming, costly, and require specialized skills. Colored pan traps for monitoring activity-density are a simple, efficient, and cost-effective alternative; however, their usefulness for studying honey bees is not well described. We examined if trap color, location within a field, and the presence of managed colonies affected estimates of honey bee activity-density within soybean fields. Soybeans are visited by pollinators but do not require these visits for seed development. Pan traps, especially those colored blue, captured more honey bees when colonies were present. There were no differences in activity-density based on placement of traps within a field nor with increasing distance from colonies. Throughout the season, activity-density in soybeans was constant but tripled after soybean ceased blooming, suggesting spikes in pan trap captures may indicate periods of forage scarcity. Activity-density did not correlate with the population size of worker bees at a site, but did correlate with number of colonies present. We conclude that pan traps can be useful for assessing honey bee activity, particularly for estimating colony presence and identifying times of forage scarcity.

Driving Confidence in a Connected Vehicle Environment: A Case Study of Expressway Work Zone

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Zone ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Connected Vehicle Technology ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
The Difference

At present, how the application of connected vehicle technology will affect drivers’ driving psychology needs to be explored. As an important part of driving psychology, driving confidence can guide drivers to operate calmly when facing a complex traffic environment, which has an important impact on reducing accident rates and improving traffic efficiency. Based on the driving behavior data in the expressway work zone under a connected vehicle environment, this study mainly analyzed the difference between the psychological characteristics of drivers with warning information or without warning information when facing the work zone ahead. Firstly, based on driving simulation technology, the expressway work zone scene in a connected vehicle environment was designed, and the on-board human-machine interface was used to provide warning information of the work zone ahead. Secondly, the difference of drivers’ driving confidence in psychology when driving with or without warning information was analyzed by using the characteristics of average vehicle spatiotemporal diagram and gas pedal angle. Finally, a method of quantifying driving confidence was proposed, which used a kind of objective weighting method to get the weights between different indicators. Based on this method, drivers’ degree of driving confidence under two conditions was calculated. The results showed that connected vehicle technology could affect drivers’ driving confidence in psychology when facing the work zone ahead. In the connected vehicle environment, 82.9% of drivers’ degree of driving confidence would increase, and the average degree of driving confidence with warning information was 10.9% higher than that without warning information.

Assistive System to Improve Pedestrians’ Safety and Mobility in a Connected Vehicle Technology Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (19) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Khosravi ◽  
Byungho Beak ◽  
K. Larry Head ◽  
Faisal Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Connected Vehicle Technology ◽  
Roadside Unit ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure ◽  
Communication Pathway ◽  
Near Future

Conflicts between vehicles and vulnerable road users (VRUs) often result in injuries and fatalities. This paper presents a vehicle-to-infrastructure and Wi-Fi based pedestrian conflict avoidance system to improve VRUs’ safety. Compared with the vision based systems, the proposed system can improve VRUs’ safety in non-line-of-sight situations. In particular, it can be helpful in a situation when drivers are making a right or left turn where there is a crosswalk and visibility conditions are poor. The system, called Smart Walk Assistant (SWA), was implemented as an application on a smartphone and server on a roadside unit. It includes two wireless communication pathways: pedestrian-to-infrastructure (P2I) and pedestrian-to-vehicle (P2V). The first communication pathway enables users to send a pedestrian signal request to the traffic signal controller and receive traffic signal status. The second communication pathway enables pedestrians and vehicles to exchange information including location, speed, and heading that can be used to provide conflict alerts. The SWA system may be especially beneficial to differently abled pedestrians, including blind or visually impaired pedestrians, who would benefit from active support to safely cross streets at signalized intersections. The P2I application was designed, developed, and field demonstrated. The P2V application was designed and developed, and will be field tested in the near future.

scholarly journals Vehicle and Powertrain Optimization for Autonomous and Connected Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (09) ◽  
pp. S19-S23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunli Shao ◽  
Mohd Azrin Mohd Zulkefli ◽  
Zongxuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure ◽  
Save Energy

This article discusses the potential of using autonomous and connected vehicle (CV) technologies to save energy. It also focuses on the potential energy savings of internal combustion engine-based vehicles (ICVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). An example of vehicle and powertrain co-optimization for HEV eco-approaching and departure is also given. CV technologies are gaining increasing attention around the world. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication enable real-time access to traffic information that was not available before, including preceding vehicles’ location, speed, pedal position, traffic signal phasing and timing (SPaT). The example shown in this article demonstrates the potential benefits from vehicle and powertrain co-optimization by investigating an eco-approaching and departure application. More research in this area can offer more mature solutions to implement such optimization in a real-production vehicle.

scholarly journals Development and application of connected vehicle technology test platform based on driving simulator: Case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 106330
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Zhao ◽  
Haolin Chen ◽  
Haijian Li ◽  
Xuewei Li ◽  
Xin Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Connected Vehicle Technology ◽  
Vehicle Technology

scholarly journals Current and Future Pathotyping Platforms for Plasmodiophora brassicae in Canada

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Heather H. Tso ◽  
Leonardo Galindo-González ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Important Disease

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most detrimental threats to crucifers worldwide and has emerged as an important disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Canada. At present, pathotypes are distinguished phenotypically by their virulence patterns on host differential sets, including the systems of Williams, Somé et al., the European Clubroot Differential set, and most recently the Canadian Clubroot Differential set and the Sinitic Clubroot Differential set. Although these are frequently used because of their simplicity of application, they are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and can lack sensitivity. Early, preventative pathotype detection is imperative to maximize productivity and promote sustainable crop production. The decreased turnaround time and increased sensitivity and specificity of genotypic pathotyping will be valuable for the development of integrated clubroot management plans, and interest in molecular techniques to complement phenotypic methods is increasing. This review provides a synopsis of current and future molecular pathotyping platforms for P. brassicae and aims to provide information on techniques that may be most suitable for the development of rapid, reliable, and cost-effective pathotyping assays.

The socio-spatial politics of royalties and their distribution: A case study of the Surat Basin, Queensland

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110266
Author(s):  
Neil Argent ◽  
Sean Markey ◽  
Greg Halseth ◽  
Laura Ryser ◽  
Fiona Haslam-McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Energy Extraction ◽  
Grant Application ◽  
Coal Seam Gas ◽  
Spatial Politics ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Effective Use

This paper is concerned with the socio-spatial and ethical politics of redistribution, specifically the allocation of natural resources rents from political and economic cores to the economic and geographical peripheries whence the resource originated. Based on a case study of the coal seam gas sector in Queensland's Surat Basin, this paper focuses on the operation of the Queensland State Government's regional development fund for mining and energy extraction-affected regions. Employing an environmental justice framework, we critically explore the operation of these funds in ostensibly helping constituent communities in becoming resilient to the worst effects of the ‘staples trap’. Drawing on secondary demographic and housing data for the region, as well as primary information collected from key respondents from mid-2018 to early 2019, we show that funds were distributed across all of the local government areas, and allocated to projects and places primarily on a perceived economic needs basis. However, concerns were raised with the probity of the funds’ administration. In terms of recognition justice, the participation of smaller and more remote towns and local Indigenous communities was hampered by their structural marginalisation. Procedurally, the funds were criticised for the lack of local consultation taken in the development and approval of projects. While spatially concentrated expenditure may be the most cost-effective use of public monies, we argue that grant application processes should be open, transparent and inclusive, and the outcomes cognisant of the developmental needs of smaller communities, together with the need to foster regional solidarity and coherence.

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