scholarly journals Dynamical Modulation of Wintertime Synoptic-Scale Cyclone Activity over the Japan Sea due to Changbai Mountain in the Korean Peninsula

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Shimizu ◽  
Ryuichi Kawamura ◽  
Tetsuya Kawano ◽  
Satoshi Iizuka
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Cyclone Activity ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Eddy Heat Flux ◽  
The Japan Sea

The dynamical impact of the Changbai Mountain Range in the Korean Peninsula on the extratropical cyclone activity over the Japan Sea in early winter is examined using the Weather Research Forecasting model. We have conducted two independent long-term integrations over 15 winter months (December only) from 2000 to 2014 with and without modified topography. The results show that the Changbai Mountain Range plays a vital role in increasing cyclone track frequency, low-level poleward eddy heat flux, and the local deepening rate over the Japan Sea through enhancement of the lower-tropospheric baroclinic zone (LTBZ). This mountain range gives rise to activation of the synoptic-scale cyclone activity over that region. From our case study on three typical cyclones, it is found that mesoscale structures in the vicinity of a cyclone’s center are dynamically modulated when it passes through the LTBZ and that cyclogenesis is triggered around that zone. A vorticity budget analysis shows that the stretching term relevant to enhanced low-level convergence plays a dominant role in intensifying cyclonic vorticities. We confirmed that the composite features of the three typical cases are consistent with the statistical ones of the dynamical modulation of the Changbai Mountain on synoptic-scale cyclone activity.

Diurnal Circulations and Rainfall in Taiwan during SoWMEX/TiMREX (2008)

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 3851-3872 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Ruppert ◽  
Richard H. Johnson ◽  
Angela K. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Deep Convection ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Land Breeze ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Using Data

Abstract The diurnal cycle of the local circulation, rainfall, and heat and moisture budgets is investigated in Taiwan's heavy rain (mei-yu) season using data from the 2008 Southwest Monsoon Experiment/Terrain-influenced Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SoWMEX/TiMREX). Comparisons are made between an undisturbed (UNDIST; 22–29 May) and disturbed period (DIST; 31 May–4 June). Many aspects of the diurnal evolution in surface flows and rainfall were similar during both periods. At night and during early morning hours, the low-level southwesterly flow was deflected around Taiwan's main topographic barrier, the Central Mountain Range (CMR), with rainfall focused near areas of enhanced offshore confluence created by downslope and land-breeze flows. During the day, the flow switched to onshore and upslope, rainfall shifted inland, and deep convection developed along the coastal plains and windward slopes. Atmospheric budget analysis indicates a day-to-evening transition of convective structure from shallow to deep to stratiform. Evaporation associated with the evening/nighttime stratiform precipitation likely assisted the nocturnal katabatic flow. Though the flow impinging on Taiwan was blocked during both periods, a very moist troposphere and strengthened low-level oncoming flow during DIST resulted in more widespread and intense rainfall that was shifted to higher elevations, which resembled a more weakly blocked regime. Correspondingly, storm cores were tilted upslope during DIST, in contrast to the more erect storms characteristic of UNDIST. There were much more lofted precipitation-sized ice hydrometeors within storms during DIST, the upslope advection of which led to extensive stratiform rain regions overlying the CMR peaks, and the observed upslope shift in rainfall.

scholarly journals Explosively Developing Cyclone Activity in Relation to Heavy Snowfall on the Japan Sea Side of Central Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka YAMASHITA ◽  
Ryuichi KAWAMURA ◽  
Satoshi IIZUKA ◽  
Hiroaki HATSUSHIKA
Keyword(s):  
Japan Sea ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
Cyclone Activity ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
The Japan Sea

scholarly journals Finescale Doppler Radar Observation of a Tornado and Low-Level Misocyclones within a Winter Storm in the Japan Sea Coastal Region

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanako Y. Inoue ◽  
Kenichi Kusunoki ◽  
Wataru Kato ◽  
Hiroto Suzuki ◽  
Toshiaki Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Winter Storm ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Convergence Line ◽  
The Japan Sea ◽  
Vortical Disturbance

Abstract Life histories of low-level misocyclones, one of which corresponded to a tornado vortex within a winter storm in the Japan Sea coastal region on 1 December 2007, were observed from close range by X-band Doppler radar of the East Japan Railway Company. Continuous plan position indicator (PPI) observations at 30-s intervals at the low-elevation angle revealed at least four cyclonic misocyclones within the head of the comma-shaped echo of the vortical disturbance under winter monsoon conditions. The meso-β-scale vortical disturbance developed within the weak frontal zone at the leading edge of cold-air outbreaks. High-resolution observation of misocyclones revealed the detailed structures of these misocyclones and their temporal evolution. As the parent storm evolved, a low-level convergence line was observed at the edge of the easternmost misocyclone. This convergence line was considered to be important for the initiation and development of the misocyclones and the tornado through vortex stretching. The strongest misocyclone gradually intensified as its diameter contracted until landfall, and then began to dissipate soon after landfall. The temporal evolution of the misocyclones through landfall is discussed. Surface wind and pressure variations suggested a cyclonic vortex passage, which was consistent with the passage of the radar-derived misocyclone. The observed pressure drop was also consistent with that computed from the cyclostrophic equation for the modified Rankine vortex. The observed behavior of two adjacent misocyclones was primarily consistent with the rotational flow associated with the other misocyclone. The generation and development processes of the tornado and misocyclones are discussed.

scholarly journals Statistical Characteristics and Composite Environmental Conditions of Explosive Cyclones over the Japan Sea and Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Shuqin Zhang ◽  
Gang Fu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Xu ◽  
Yufeng Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Kuroshio Extension ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Explosive Cyclones ◽  
The Japan Sea ◽  
Upper Level Jet ◽  
The Kuroshio

Statistical characteristics and composite synoptic-scale environmental conditions of explosive cyclones (ECs) over the Japan Sea and Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension are examined and compared using ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis to give a better understanding of their differences. ECs over the Japan Sea frequently occur in late autumn and early winter and those over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension mainly occur in winter and early spring. The maximum deepening rate, minimum central sea level pressure and explosive-developing lifetime of ECs over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension are generally larger, lower and longer, respectively, than those over the Japan Sea. ECs over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension formed over the East China Sea tend to develop more rapidly, and weak and moderate ECs generally begin to develop explosively over the sea to the east of the Japan Islands, while the strong and super ECs over the sea to the south of Japan Islands have longer explosive-developing tracks. Composite analysis shows that synoptic-scale environmental conditions favoring rapid EC development over these two regions are significantly different. ECs over the Japan Sea have stronger baroclinicity and cyclonic vorticity, but weaker water vapor convergence and upper-level jet stream than those over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension. The key factor contributing to the baroclinicity is the cold air intrusion over the Japan Sea and the strong warm current heating over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension. The potential vorticity shows anomalies in upper and low levels for both EC areas and extends further downwards over the Japan Sea.

scholarly journals Descriptions of new species of Issikiomartyria (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae) and a new genus Melinopteryx gen. n. with two new species from Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yume Imada ◽  
Makoto Kato
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
Northeastern Japan ◽  
The Japan Sea ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Endemic Genera

Micropterigidae is considered to be the sister group of all other extant Lepidoptera. In Japan, 17 species of five genera have been recorded including three endemic genera,IssikiomartyriaHashimoto, 2006,KurokopteryxHashimoto, 2006 andNeomicropteryxIssiki, 1931, all of which are associated with the liverwort genusConocephalumHill. We discovered four new species ofIssikiomartyriafrom snowy regions in Northeastern Japan, and two new species of a new genusMelinopteryxgen. n.from the subalpine zone of the Akaishi Mountain Range. All these new taxa,I.hyperboreasp. n.,I.leptobelossp. n.,I.catapastasp. n.,I.trochossp. n.,M.coruscanssp. n.andM.bilobatasp. n.are also associated withConocephalumliverworts. Furthermore, females ofI.akemiaeHashimoto, 2006 andI.plicataHashimoto, 2006 are described here for the first time. Our extensive surveys revealed that the fine-scale endemism ofIssikiomartyriarestricted to the fragmented area facing the Japan Sea. Keys toIssikiomartyriaspecies based on the adult morphology are provided.

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