scholarly journals Red Wine Age Estimation by the Alteration of Its Color Parameters: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Monitor Wine Maturation Time

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Basalekou ◽  
C. Pappas ◽  
Y. Kotseridis ◽  
P. A. Tarantilis ◽  
E. Kontaxakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Grape Varieties

Color, phenolic content, and chemical age values of red wines made from Cretan grape varieties (Kotsifali, Mandilari) were evaluated over nine months of maturation in different containers for two vintages. The wines differed greatly on their anthocyanin profiles. Mid-IR spectra were also recorded with the use of a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer in ZnSe disk mode. Analysis of Variance was used to explore the parameter’s dependency on time. Determination models were developed for the chemical age indexes using Partial Least Squares (PLS) (TQ Analyst software) considering the spectral region 1830–1500 cm−1. The correlation coefficients (r) for chemical age index i were 0.86 for Kotsifali (Root Mean Square Error of Calibration (RMSEC) = 0.067, Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) = 0,115, and Root Mean Square Error of Validation (RMSECV) = 0.164) and 0.90 for Mandilari (RMSEC = 0.050, RMSEP = 0.040, and RMSECV = 0.089). For chemical age index ii the correlation coefficients (r) were 0.86 and 0.97 for Kotsifali (RMSEC 0.044, RMSEP = 0.087, and RMSECV = 0.214) and Mandilari (RMSEC = 0.024, RMSEP = 0.033, and RMSECV = 0.078), respectively. The proposed method is simpler, less time consuming, and more economical and does not require chemical reagents.

scholarly journals Comparison of neural networks and genetic algorithms to determine missing precipitation data (Case study: the city of Sari)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (29) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Ali Mahdavi ◽  
Mohsen Najarchi ◽  
Emadoddin Hazaveie ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mirhosayni Hazave ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mahdai Najafizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Genetic Programming ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
The City

Neural networks and genetic programming in the investigation of new methods for predicting rainfall in the catchment area of the city of Sari. Various methods are used for prediction, such as the time series model, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, fuzzy Nero, and genetic programming. Results based on statistical indicators of root mean square error and correlation coefficient were studied. The results of the optimal model of genetic programming were compared, the correlation coefficients and the root mean square error 0.973 and 0.034 respectively for training, and 0.964 and 0.057 respectively for the optimal neural network model. Genetic programming has been more accurate than artificial neural networks and is recommended as a good way to accurately predict.

DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF SOYBEAN AND CORN OILS AS ADULTERANTS IN AVOCADO OIL USING FOURIER TRANSFORM MID INFRARED (FT-MIR) SPECTROSCOPY AIDED WITH MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajar Aji Lumakso ◽  
Abdul Rohman ◽  
Handoy M. ◽  
Sugeng Riyanto ◽  
Farahwahida Mohd Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Mir Spectroscopy ◽  
Avocado Oil

Authentication of high value edible oils like avocado oil (AO) is an emerging issue. AO can be target of adulteration with low priced oils like soybean and corn oils. The present study is intended to quantify soybean oil (SO) and corn oil (CO) in avocado oil (AO) using the combination of Fourier transform mid infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics. The quantification was carried out by partial least square (PLS) calibration using some spectral processing, namely normal spectra, smoothing, and derivation treatment. Frequencies of 1427-779 cm-1 with normal spectra were suitable for the quantification of SO in AO which revealed high coefficient determination (R2), i.e. 0.9994 and low root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), i.e 0.86% (v/v). Meanwhile, R2 of 0.9994 and RMSEC of 0.87% (v/v) were obtained by PLS at the combined spectra at frequency regions of 1477-721, 1728-1685, and 3035-2881 cm-1 for quantification of CO in AO. The model was further validated using independent samples and offered high R2 values of 0.9994 (for CO) and 0.9998 (for SO) with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.88% (v/v) (CO) and 0.52 % (v/v) (SO), respectively. In general, FT-MIR spectroscopy serves rapid and accurate determination of CO and SO in AO for authenticity studies.

Determination of suitable drying curve model for bread moisture loss during baking

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Soleimani Pour-Damanab ◽  
A. Jafary ◽  
S. Rafiee
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Chi Squared

Abstract This study presents mathematical modelling of bread moisture loss or drying during baking in a conventional bread baking process. In order to estimate and select the appropriate moisture loss curve equation, 11 different models, semi-theoretical and empirical, were applied to the experimental data and compared according to their correlation coefficients, chi-squared test and root mean square error which were predicted by nonlinear regression analysis. Consequently, of all the drying models, a Page model was selected as the best one, according to the correlation coefficients, chi-squared test, and root mean square error values and its simplicity. Mean absolute estimation error of the proposed model by linear regression analysis for natural and forced convection modes was 2.43, 4.74%, respectively.

scholarly journals Hyperspectral Imaging for the Nondestructive Quality Assessment of the Firmness of Nanguo Pears Under Different Freezing/Thawing Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Shang ◽  
Wang ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Standard Normal Variate ◽  
Scattering Correction ◽  
Standard Normal

Firmness changes in Nanguo pears under different freezing/thawing conditions have been characterized by hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Four different freezing/thawing conditions (the critical temperatures, numbers of cycles, holding time and cooling rates) were set in this experiment. Four different pretreatment methods were used: multivariate scattering correction (MSC), standard normal variate (SNV), Savitzky-Golay standard normal variate (S-G-SNV) and Savitzky-Golay multiplicative scattering correction (S-G-MSC). Combined with competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) to identify characteristic wavelengths, firmness prediction models of Nanguo pears under different freezing/thawing conditions were established by partial least squares (PLS) regression. The performance of the firmness model was analyzed quantitatively by the correlation coefficient (R), the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and the root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV). The results showed that the MSC-PLS model has the highest accuracy at different cooling rates and holding times; the correlation coefficients of the calibration set (Rc) were 0.899 and 0.927, respectively, and the correlation coefficients of the validation set (Rp) were 0.911 and 0.948, respectively. The accuracy of the SNV-PLS model was the highest at different numbers of cycles, and the Rc and the Rp were 0.861 and 0.848, respectively. The RMSEC was 65.189, and the RMSEP was 65.404. The accuracy of the S-G-SNV-PLS model was the highest at different critical temperatures, with Rc and Rp values of 0.854 and 0.819, respectively, and RMSEC and RMSEP values of 74.567 and 79.158, respectively.

Quantitative Model for Diosgenin in Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright by NIRS Combined with TQ Software

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2085-2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Bai ◽  
Hai Yan Gong ◽  
Chun Fang Zuo ◽  
Jing Wei Lei ◽  
Xiao Yan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Dioscorea Zingiberensis

To determine the Diosgenin in Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright by near-infraed spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with TQ software. The near-infrared sprectra and HPLC values of the Diosgenin in Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright from different areas were collected, and the quantitative calibration model was established with TQ software. And then the prediction samples were anylized by the model. The correlation coefficients (R2), the root-mean-square error of calibration (RMSEC) and the root-mean-square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of the quantitative calibration model for diosgenin were 0.96459, 0.0999 and 0.30041 respectively; the correlation coefficients of prediction (r2) and the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.9634 and 0.128. The method is fast, convenient, non-polluted and accurate. The correction model could be used to predict the diosgenin in Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright.

scholarly journals Detection of coconut (Cocos nucivera) sugar adulteration in palm (Arenga pinnata Merrill) sugar by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
F. Roosmayanti ◽  
K. Rismiwindira ◽  
R.E. Masithoh
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Palm sugar which is also named brown sugar is powdered sugar produced from palm extract. Due to the high price of palm sugar, its contamination of materials that are cheap or low quality is inevitable. Usually, adulteration detection is done by conventional methods such as HPLC, TLC, or NMR which are time-consuming and require high-priced equipment, thus impractical for routine and large sample analysis. The aim of this research was to detect adulteration in palm sugar using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The samples used in this study were palm sugar as the main ingredient and coconut sugar as the adulterant. Two chemometric methods namely principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were used for analysis. The absorbance data were taken at wavenumber 4000-650 cm-1 . Several concentrations of coconut sugar as an adulterant ranging from 0 to 100% were added to palm sugar. A total of 110 spectra of both pure and adulterated palm sugar samples were divided into two groups, i.e. 73 samples for developing calibration model and 37 samples for developing prediction model. The spectral obtained were pre-processed and analyzed using The Unscrambler X version 10.4. a total of six pre-processing methods were used, i.e., Normalization, Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), and Baseline. Results showed that PCA was able to classify palm sugar based on adulterant concentrations. PLSR calibration model with a coefficient of determination (Rc2 ) of 0.94 and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 8% was obtained by applying the MSC method. The model was able to predict coconut sugar adulteration in palm sugar with Rp2 of 0.89 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 10.68%. The results confirmed the potential of FT-IR spectroscopy for detecting adulteration in palm sugar.

scholarly journals Estimation of Apple Flowering Frost Loss for Fruit Yield Based on Gridded Meteorological and Remote Sensing Data in Luochuan, Shaanxi Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Yaohui Zhu ◽  
Guijun Yang ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Fa Zhao ◽  
Shaoyu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Price Regulation ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Agricultural Insurance

With the increase in the frequency of extreme weather events in recent years, apple growing areas in the Loess Plateau frequently encounter frost during flowering. Accurately assessing the frost loss in orchards during the flowering period is of great significance for optimizing disaster prevention measures, market apple price regulation, agricultural insurance, and government subsidy programs. The previous research on orchard frost disasters is mainly focused on early risk warning. Therefore, to effectively quantify orchard frost loss, this paper proposes a frost loss assessment model constructed using meteorological and remote sensing information and applies this model to the regional-scale assessment of orchard fruit loss after frost. As an example, this article examines a frost event that occurred during the apple flowering period in Luochuan County, Northwestern China, on 17 April 2020. A multivariable linear regression (MLR) model was constructed based on the orchard planting years, the number of flowering days, and the chill accumulation before frost, as well as the minimum temperature and daily temperature difference on the day of frost. Then, the model simulation accuracy was verified using the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method, and the coefficient of determination (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) were 0.69, 18.76%, and 18.76%, respectively. Additionally, the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (EFAST) method was used for the sensitivity analysis of the model parameters. The results show that the simulated apple orchard fruit number reduction ratio is highly sensitive to the minimum temperature on the day of frost, and the chill accumulation and planting years before the frost, with sensitivity values of ≥0.74, ≥0.25, and ≥0.15, respectively. This research can not only assist governments in optimizing traditional orchard frost prevention measures and market price regulation but can also provide a reference for agricultural insurance companies to formulate plans for compensation after frost.

scholarly journals Low Cost Automatic Reconstruction of Tree Structure by AdQSM with Terrestrial Close-Range Photogrammetry

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Yanqi Dong ◽  
Guangpeng Fan ◽  
Zhiwu Zhou ◽  
Jincheng Liu ◽  
Yongguo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Tree Structure ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Tree Model

The quantitative structure model (QSM) contains the branch geometry and attributes of the tree. AdQSM is a new, accurate, and detailed tree QSM. In this paper, an automatic modeling method based on AdQSM is developed, and a low-cost technical scheme of tree structure modeling is provided, so that AdQSM can be freely used by more people. First, we used two digital cameras to collect two-dimensional (2D) photos of trees and generated three-dimensional (3D) point clouds of plot and segmented individual tree from the plot point clouds. Then a new QSM-AdQSM was used to construct tree model from point clouds of 44 trees. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of our method, the diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and trunk volume were derived from the reconstructed tree model. These parameters extracted from AdQSM were compared with the reference values from forest inventory. For the DBH, the relative bias (rBias), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of variation of root mean square error (rRMSE) were 4.26%, 1.93 cm, and 6.60%. For the tree height, the rBias, RMSE, and rRMSE were—10.86%, 1.67 m, and 12.34%. The determination coefficient (R2) of DBH and tree height estimated by AdQSM and the reference value were 0.94 and 0.86. We used the trunk volume calculated by the allometric equation as a reference value to test the accuracy of AdQSM. The trunk volume was estimated based on AdQSM, and its bias was 0.07066 m3, rBias was 18.73%, RMSE was 0.12369 m3, rRMSE was 32.78%. To better evaluate the accuracy of QSM’s reconstruction of the trunk volume, we compared AdQSM and TreeQSM in the same dataset. The bias of the trunk volume estimated based on TreeQSM was −0.05071 m3, and the rBias was −13.44%, RMSE was 0.13267 m3, rRMSE was 35.16%. At 95% confidence interval level, the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC = 0.77) of the agreement between the estimated tree trunk volume of AdQSM and the reference value was greater than that of TreeQSM (CCC = 0.60). The significance of this research is as follows: (1) The automatic modeling method based on AdQSM is developed, which expands the application scope of AdQSM; (2) provide low-cost photogrammetric point cloud as the input data of AdQSM; (3) explore the potential of AdQSM to reconstruct forest terrestrial photogrammetric point clouds.

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