scholarly journals Synthesis of L-Ascorbyl Flurbiprofenate by Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification and Transesterification Reactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-ying Xin ◽  
Li-rui Sun ◽  
Shu-ming Chen ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Chun-gu Xia
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Organic Medium ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Acyl Donor ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Loading Amount ◽  
Novozym 435 Lipase

The synthesis of L-ascorbyl flurbiprofenate was achieved by esterification and transesterification in nonaqueous organic medium with Novozym 435 lipase as biocatalyst. The conversion was greatly influenced by the kinds of organic solvents, speed of agitation, catalyst loading amount, reaction time, and molar ratio of acyl donor to L-ascorbic acid. A series of solvents were investigated, and tert-butanol was found to be the most suitable from the standpoint of the substrate solubility and the conversion for both the esterification and transesterification. When flurbiprofen was used as acyl donor, 61.0% of L-ascorbic acid was converted against 46.4% in the presence of flurbiprofen methyl ester. The optimal conversion of L-ascorbic acid was obtained when the initial molar ratio of acyl donor to ascorbic acid was 5 : 1. kinetics parameters were solved by Lineweaver-Burk equation under nonsubstrate inhibition condition. Since transesterification has lower conversion, from the standpoint of productivity and the amount of steps required, esterification is a better method compared to transesterification.

Heterogeneous Microwave Irradiation Biodiesel Processing of Jatropha Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Nasir Ani ◽  
Ahmed Bakheit Elhameed
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Reaction Parameters

This paper investigated the three critical reaction parameters including catalyst concentration, microwave exit power and reaction time for the transesterification process of jatropha curcas oil using microwave irradiation. The work is an attempt to reduce the production cost of biodiesel. Similar quantities of methanol to oil molar ratio 6:1 and calcium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst were used. The results showed that the best yield percentage 96% was obtained using 300W microwave exit power, 8 %wt CaO and 7 min. The methyl ester FAME obtained was within the standard of biodiesel fuel.

Natural Hydroxyapatite (NHAp) Derived from Pork Bone as a Renewable Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Microwave Irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Thaweethong Inkaew ◽  
Laorrut Kodephun ◽  
Wipada Yenying ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

The use of waste materials for producing biodiesel via transesterification has been of recent interest. In this study, the pork bone was used as the raw materials for natural hydroxyapatite (NHAp) catalyst. The calcination of animal bone was conducted at 900 °C for 2 h. The raw material and the resulting heterogeneous catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The effects of reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst loading and reusability of catalyst were systematically investigated. The optimum conditions, which yielded a conversion of oil of nearly 94%, were reaction time 5 min and microwave power 800 W. The results indicated that the NHAp catalysts derived from pork bone showed good reusability and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts under microwave-assisted transesterification of Jatropha Curcas oil with methanol.

Optimization of melon oil methyl ester production using response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Aliozo ◽  
L. N. Emembolu ◽  
O. D. Onukwuli
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Central Composite Designs ◽  
American Society

Abstract In this research work, melon oil was used as feedstock for methyl ester production. The research was aimed at optimizing the reaction conditions for methyl ester yield from the oil. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a five level, four variable central composite designs (CCD)was used to optimize and statistically analyze the interaction effect of the process parameter during the biodiesel production processes. A total of 30 experiments were conducted to study the effect of methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst weight, temperature and reaction time. The optimal yield of biodiesel from melon oil was found to be 94.9% under the following reaction conditions: catalyst weight - 0.8%, methanol to oil molar ratio - 6:1, temperature - 55°C and reaction time of 60mins. The quality of methyl ester produced at these conditions was within the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) specification.

scholarly journals High Oleic Pentaerythritol Tetraester Formation via Transesterification: Effect of Reaction Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Faeqah Idrus ◽  
Robiah Yunus ◽  
Zurina Zainal Abidin ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Norazah Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
The Ideal

Pentaerythritol tetraoleate esters synthesized from high oleic palm oil methyl ester (POME) have potential as biolubricant base stock. In the present study, the chemical transesterification of POME and pentaerythritol (PE) using sodium methoxide as a catalyst was conducted under vacuum. The effect of operating variables such as reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, the molar ratio of POME to PE, vacuum pressure, and stirring rate on the yield of PE tetraoleate was examined. The ideal conditions for the reaction were at a temperature of 160 °C, 1.25% (w/w) catalyst concentration, the molar ratio of POME to PE at 4.5:1, vacuum pressure at 10 mbar, and stirring speed at 900 rpm. PE tetraoleate with a yield of 36% (w/w), was successfully synthesized under this condition within 2 h of reaction time.

scholarly journals Optimization of Biodiesel Production Using Nanomagnetic CaO-Based Catalysts with Subcritical Methanol Transesterification of Rubber Seed Oil

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Winoto ◽  
Nuttawan Yoswathana
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Rubber Seed

The molar ratio of methanol to rubber seed oil (RSO), catalyst loading, and the reaction time of RSO biodiesel production were optimized in this work. The response surface methodology, using the Box–Behnken design, was analyzed to determine the optimum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield. The performance of various nanomagnetic CaO-based catalysts—KF/CaO-Fe3O4, KF/CaO-Fe3O4-Li (Li additives), and KF/CaO-Fe3O4-Al (Al additives)—were compared. Rubber seed biodiesel was produced via the transesterification process under subcritical methanol conditions with nanomagnetic catalysts. The experimental results indicated that the KF/CaO-Fe3O4-Al nanomagnetic catalyst produced the highest FAME yield of 86.79%. The optimum conditions were a 28:1 molar ratio of methanol to RSO, 1.5 wt % catalyst, and 49 min reaction time. Al additives of KF/CaO-Fe3O4 nanomagnetic catalyst enhanced FAME yield without Al up to 18.17% and shortened the reaction time by up to 11 min.

Optimization and effects of process variables on the production and properties of methyl ester biodiesel

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Eloka-Eboka ◽  
Ogbene Gillian Igbum ◽  
Freddie L. Inambao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels ◽  
High Yields ◽  
General Response

Optimization of the production process in biodiesel production holds huge prospects. A reduced cost option is the optimization of process variables that affect yields and purity of biodiesel, which was achieved in this study. Optimized production and direct effects of process variables on the production and quality of methyl ester biodiesel fuels from the non-edible seed oils of sandbox seed was carried out. Catalyst nature and concentration, alcohol to triglyceride molar ratio, mixing speed, reaction time and temperature were taken into consideration as variables to their individual response on the yields, viscosity and specific gravity of the methyl esters produced. These are specific indispensable properties of biodiesel for use in compression ignition engines. Optimized concentrations were 0.3 to 1.5% w/v and two mole ratios of 3:1 and 6:1. Time of reaction was varied (5mins to 30mins) with temperatures (38oC and 55oC). Also, the effect of methanol in the range of 4:1and 6:1 (molar ratio) was investigated, keeping catalyst type, reaction time and temperatures constant. The effects of KOH and NaOH on the transesterification were investigated with concentration kept constant at 1%. The general response in this study was that at optimized rate of agitation (800rpm), optimized reaction time was as low as 5minutes, 1% catalyst concentration of NaOH was the optimal concentration, and 55oC was the optimal temperature with attendant high yields. However, there are variations with the nature of feedstock as the work further exposed. These high points are particularly of interest to guide against process backdrop.

Optimization of Methyl Ester Production from Waste Palm Oil Using Activated Carbon Supported Calcium Oxide Catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 346-352
Author(s):  
Zuraida Wan ◽  
Bassim H. Hameed ◽  
N. Mohammad Nor ◽  
Nur Alwani Ali Bashah
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Waste Cooking Palm Oil

In this study, methyl ester (ME) was produced by transesterification of waste cooking palm oil (WPO) using activated carbon supported calcium oxide as a solid base catalyst (CaO/AC). Process optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the effect of reaction time, molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature and catalyst amount to produce highest ME content. The optimum reaction condition was at 5.5 wt% catalyst amount, 170 °C temperature, 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 2 h 22 min reaction time. The predicted and experimental ME content were found to be 80.02% and 77.32%, respectively.

Catalytic Synthesis of Monoglycerides by Glycerolysis of Triglycerides

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Soledad Alvarez Serafini ◽  
Gabriela Marta Tonetto
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Operating Variables

Abstract The synthesis of monoglycerides by the transesterification of triglycerides with glycerol was studied using zinc glycerolate as a heterogeneous catalyst. The effect of the operating variables on the triglyceride conversion and monoglyceride yield was evaluated. The maximum values of triglyceride conversion and monoglyceride yield reached at 2-hour reaction time were 83 and 49 %, respectively. These values were obtained at 240 °C with 3 % catalyst loading and glycerol/oil molar ratio of 6. When the molar ratio of the reactants was increased, the triglyceride conversion and monoglyceride yield achieved an optimum value. This behavior was related with a competitive adsorption of the reagents. It was possible to reuse the catalyst without significant changes in activity.

Optimization of Chiral Resolution of (+/-)-1-Phenylethanol by Statistical Methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganapati D. Yadav ◽  
Jyoti B. Sontakke
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Enantiomeric Excess ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Acyl Donor ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Synthetic Intermediate

Optically active 1-phenylethanol is used as a chiral building block and synthetic intermediate in pharmaceutical and fine-chemical industries. Lipase - catalyzed kinetic resolution of (R,S)-1-phenylethanol with vinyl acetate as an acyl donor and Candida antarctica immobilized lipase as a biocatalyst in a batch reactor was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Four-factor-five-level central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to evaluate the effect of synthesis parameters such as speed of agitation, enzyme loading, temperature and acyl donor/alcohol molar ratio, on conversion, enantiomeric excess (ee), enantioselectivity and initial rate. Optimum reaction conditions obtained were; mole ratio of acyl donor: ester of 2:1, temperature of 42.5 °C, catalyst loading of 1.6x10-3 g.cm-3 and speed of agitation of 336 rpm. Analysis of variance was performed to determine significantly affecting variables and interactions between the process parameters.

Modeling and Analysis of Manufacturing Variables in the Transesterification Process for Refined Biodiesel Fuels

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 2133-2136
Author(s):  
Tsair Wang Chung ◽  
Yi Jen Chen ◽  
Kuan Ting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Interaction Factor ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels ◽  
Main Factor

In this study, the factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to find the influence of manufacturing variables on the transesterification of plant oil into fatty acid methyl ester (i.e. biodiesel fuel) and to observe the variation of the degree of effect for each variable in the transesterification process with refined procedure. A second-order model was obtained to predict the viscosity and the yield of biodiesel fuel as a function of the reaction time, the mass fraction of catalyst in methanol and the molar ratio of methanol to plant oil. The experimental data of the yield and the viscosity of refined biodiesel fuels in different manufacturing variables are discussed in this study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also applied to discuss the main factor and interaction factor effects of the manufacturing variables on the responses of the yield of biodiesel fuels. As shown in this study, the amount of catalyst affects the viscosity and the yield of biodiesel fuels. The yield of methyl ester is proportional to the amounts of methanol in the reaction. The factor of reaction time affects the viscosity and the yield of the biodiesel fuel slightly.

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