scholarly journals Comparison of Morphologic Parameters of Temporomandibular Joint for Asymptomatic Subjects Using the Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Measuring Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanli Zhang ◽  
Xianchao Xu ◽  
Zhan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects ◽  
Method Group

The differences of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphologic parameters by using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) measuring methods were compared. Ten asymptomatic subjects (26.75 ± 4.89 years) were randomly recruited. The 3D models of the maxilla, mandible, and teeth were reconstructed according to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image data. The morphologic parameters of TMJs were measured by the 2D CBCT measuring method (group A) and the 3D reconstruction model measuring method (group B), respectively. The morphologic parameters in each group were assessed by paired samplest-test, and the statistical significance was achieved whenp<0.05. The horizontal condylar angle (HCA), sagittal ramus angle (SRA), medial joint space (MJS), lateral joint space (LJS), superior joint space (SJS), and anterior joint space (AJS) in group A were significantly smaller than those in group B (p<0.05). The HCA on the left side was significantly smaller than that on the right side in group A (p<0.05). However, all the morphologic parameters in group B were not significantly different between left and right sides. In conclusion, there were significant differences for the morphologic parameters of TMJ measured on 2D CBCT and 3D models. 3D measuring method should be used for the detection of TMJ morphology in clinical practice.

A Comparison of the Use of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Visualization Systems by Novice and Experienced Microsurgeons in Microsurgical Vessel Anastomosis: An Analysis Using the Chicken Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chien Wang ◽  
Hsiang-Wei Hu ◽  
Pedro Ciudad ◽  
Bor-Shyh Lin ◽  
Hung-Chi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Operator Experience ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract Background Various studies have discussed the benefits of applying three-dimensional (3D) techniques, specifically its advantages with respect to ergonomics, feasibility, and the rate of learning achievable in microsurgery training. However, no study has been conducted that compares the operator experience of using two-dimensional (2D) and 3D systems in microsurgical training. The aim of this study is to compare 2D- and 3D-assisted microsurgical training in novices based on anastomosis of chicken femoral arteries. Methods The participants were grouped by previous microsurgical experience. Group A includes novice participants. Group B includes 2D-experienced participants. Group C includes both participants in groups A and B. A questionnaire composed of 10 parameters in the field of image quality, dexterity, ergonomic, and feasibility will be filled out after each participant finished their anastomoses by the 2D and 3D systems. Results The results demonstrated 3D system was scored better on “field of view” (p = 0.004), “less tremor” (p = 0.005), “neck/upper back comfort” (p = 0.043), “lower back comfort” (p = 0.015), “technical feasibility” (p = 0.020), and “educational feasibility” (p = 0.004) in group A (N = 12). In group B (N = 9), 3D system was scored better on “field of view” (p = 0.041) but worse on “image resolution” (p = 0.031). Conclusion With the 3D visualization system for microsurgical anastomosis of chicken femoral model, there are significant improvements in the field of view, stability, ergonomics, and educational value compared with 2D system among all participants. Accordingly, 3D-assisted microsurgery training can be a novel and potential popular training method.

scholarly journals Short term outcomes of three dimensional versus two-dimensional laparoscopic cholecystectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Razaque Shaikh ◽  
Aaijaz Ahmed Shaikh ◽  
Mujib Rehman Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Open Cholecystectomy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Port Site ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Conversion To Open Cholecystectomy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: To compare the short-term outcomes of three dimensional (3D) versus two dimensional (2D) laparoscopic procedures used for cholecystectomy. Methods: This study was conducted at minimally invasive surgery center of Liaquat University of Medical Health and Sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro Pakistan, between 15th May 2017 to 16th December 2017 after taking informed consent. All patients were diagnosed cases of cholelithiasis without any complications. Patients having risk factors for inability to get access to gall bladder via laparoscope and in whom the chances of conversion to open cholecystectomy were greater were not included as part of study. One group of patients underwent cholecystectomy under 3D laparoscopy while other group underwent 2D laparoscopy. Surgeons included in the study were all well-trained. The short-term outcome noted were intraoperative and postoperative complications, conversion to open, operative time, mortality and hospital stay. Visual strain and headache for the surgeon in three D laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results: A total of one hundred forty patients were included in the study. Group-A consists of sixty two females and eleven males whereas Group-B comprised of fifty eight females and fifteen males. Eight percent of patients in Group-A whereas in Group-B two percent had gallbladder rupture. Fifteen percent of patients in Group-A whereas 5.4% from Group-B had bleeding from liver bed. One patient from Group-A had CBD (Common Bile Duct) injury. Post-operatively two (2.73%) patients from Group-A had port site bleeding. Six (8.21%) patients had port site infection in Group-A. Conclusion: Three dimensional was found to have low incidence of intra-operative and post-operative complications compared to 2D laparoscopic cholecystectomy. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3721 How to cite this:Shaikh AR, Shaikh AA, Abbasi M. Short term outcomes of three dimensional versus two-dimensional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):162-166. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3721 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals EFFECT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE BY LEARNING ONLINE THROUGH 3D ANATOMY ATLAS VERSUS 2D PRESENTATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1700-04
Author(s):  
Ayesha Haque ◽  
Ruqqia Shafi Minhas ◽  
Tayyaba Faisal ◽  
Sajida Naseem ◽  
Salma Ambreen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Group B

Objective: To assess the effect of using a 3-D atlas on academic performance and compare it with the use of power point presentations during online lectures for gross anatomy of the head. Study Design: Comparative prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Dental College, Heavy Industries Taxila Education City Institute of Medical Sciences, Taxila Pakistan, from Jun to Jul 2020. Methodology: Forty-nine students from first year BDS were selected through nonprobability convenience sampling. They were assigned to two groups, A and B comprising of 25 and 24 students respectively. Group A was taught gross anatomy of head region via Zoom lectures employing a digital three-dimensional anatomy atlas application (Visual body, 2019). Group B was exposed to only two-dimensional pictures through presentations during their lectures. Ten teaching sessions were conducted with post session MCQ based assessments. One comprehensive assessment was conducted at the completion of the region. Results were compared for both groups. Results: The mean scores for three of the post session assessment tests were higher for group A (15.72 ± 2.03, 15.28 ± 2.79, 16.92 ± 2.13) as compared to that of group B (14.64 ± 3.42, 13.66 ± 3.00, 15.04 ± 3.01) (p<0.05). Similarly, the mean score for comprehensive assessment for group A (35.36 ± 6.02) was also more than that of group B (31.41 ± 6.88) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Three-dimensional viewing of structures led to better academic performance as compared to that of presentations with two dimensional pictures.

CONVENTIONAL VERSUS THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONFORMAL EXTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY IN CANCER CERVIX: A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR COMPLIANCE, RESPONSE AND TOXICITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Gupta ◽  
Piyush Kumar ◽  
D. P. Singh ◽  
Arvind Kumar Chauhan ◽  
Kamal Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cancer Cervix ◽  
Conventional Radiotherapy ◽  
Radiation Fields ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer among Indian women. Radiotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment in all its stages. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) combines multiple radiation fields to deliver precise dose of radiation to the affected area. Tailoring each of the radiation fields to focus on the tumor delivers a high dose of radiation to the tumor and avoids nearby healthy tissue. The present study is done to compare conventional radiotherapy versus 3DCRT in cancer cervix for compliance, clinical response and toxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients were enrolled and randomised into two radiotherapy plans with radical intent - Group A treated by conventional radiotherapy and group B treated by 3DCRT. Concurrent cisplatin was delivered on weekly (35mg/m2) or tri-weekly (75mg/m2) basis during external beam Radiotherapy and was followed by High Dose Radiotherapy Brachytherapy. Clinical response and complication assessment were evaluated.Collected data was analyzed using standard statistical methods and softwares to calculate level of significance using “p” value by chi square test. RESULTS: In this study mean age of the patients was 48 years (26-67 years). The anemia was the most common side effect seen in both groups (96% vs 88%, p=0.29). Neutropenia was more in group B (36% vs 44%, p= 0.56). Lower GI toxicity was seen only in patients in group A (20% vs 0%, p=0.018). In follow up there were no significant early rectal and bladder reactions in both groups and 2 patients in each group had late rectal reactions of grade I and II (p= 0.312). No significant skin, bladder and small intestinal toxicity were seen in both groups. CONCLUSION: Conventional radiotherapy gives equally efficacious response though accompanied by toxicities which were acceptable.

Abstract 85: Pre-Hypertension is a Disease Associated with Significant Structural and Functional Cardiovascular Abnormalities. It is Time to Lower the Bar.

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfouz El Shahawy ◽  
Miglena Entcheva ◽  
Arjun Padalia
Keyword(s):  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Artery Stiffness ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Purpose: To examine whether pre-HTN is a risk factor for CV structural and functional abnormalities. METHODS: We screened 2233 asymptomatic subjects, age 23-80, for CVD risk using Early CVD Risk Score (ECVDRS). ECVDRS consists of 10 tests: large (C1) and small (C2) artery stiffness, BP at rest and post mild exercise (PME), Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT), abdominal aorta and left ventricle ultrasound, retinal photography, microalbuminuria, ECG, and pro-BNP. Pre-HTN and normotension (NT) was defined according to the JNC VII criteria. Results: Among the subjects screened, 38% (855 of 2233) were NT; 70% (596 of 855) were not taking CV medication. 42% (942 of 2233) of subjects were pre-HTN; 55% (521 of 942) were not taking CV medication. The untreated, NT group was split into Group A 82% (491 of 596) with norm. BP rise PME and Group B 18% (105 of 596) with abn. BP rise PME. The untreated, pre-HTN group was split into Group C 61% (318 of 521) with norm. BP rise PME and Group D 39% (203 of 521) with abn. BP rise PME. The presence of structural abnormalities in the groups is shown on Table 1. Conclusions: Based on our data, pre-HTN is a prevalent disease (42%), exceeding NT (38%) in the subjects screened. Pre-HTN is associated with greater functional and structural abnormalities than the NT group. The structural abnormalities, particularly CIMT (statistically significant p value of <0.0016), may be accounted for by the greater abn. BP rise PME in the pre-HTN group (39%). Based on our data, pre-HTN justifies ECVDRS screening for appropriate risk stratification and treatment. These findings may warrant lowering the bar for the definitions of HTN and pre-HTN in future guidelines.

scholarly journals Put Some Guts into It: Intestinal Organoid Models to Study Viral Infection

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés García-Rodríguez ◽  
Adithya Sridhar ◽  
Dasja Pajkrt ◽  
Katja C. Wolthers
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Intestinal Organoids ◽  
Insight Into

The knowledge about enteric viral infection has vastly increased over the last eight years due to the development of intestinal organoids and enteroids that suppose a step forward from conventional studies using cell lines. Intestinal organoids and enteroids are three-dimensional (3D) models that closely mimic intestinal cellular heterogeneity and organization. The barrier function within these models has been adapted to facilitate viral studies. In this review, several adaptations (such as organoid-derived two-dimensional (2D) monolayers) and original intestinal 3D models are discussed. The specific advantages and applications, as well as improvements of each model are analyzed and an insight into the possible path for the field is given.

A THREE-DIMENSIONAL AZIMUTHAL WIDE-ANGLE MODEL FOR THE PARABOLIC WAVE EQUATION

1999 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 269-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIFANG CHEN ◽  
YING-TSONG LIN ◽  
DING LEE
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equation ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Narrow Angle ◽  
Propagation Prediction ◽  
Dimensional Range

In predicting wave propagations in either direction, the size of the angle of propagation plays an important role; thus, the concept of wide-angle is introduced. Most existing acoustic propagation prediction models do have the capability of treating the wide-angle but the treatment, in practice, is vertical. This is desirable for solving two-dimensional (range and depth) problems. In extending the two-dimensional treatment to 3 dimensions, even though the wide-angle capability is maintained in most 3D models, it is still vertical. Owing to the need of a wide-angle capability in the azimuth direction, this paper formulates an azimuthal wide-angle wave equation whose theoretical development is presented. An illustrative example is included to demonstrate the need for such azimuthal wide-angle capability. Also, a comparison is shown between results using narrow-angle and wide-angle equations separately.

scholarly journals MYRINGOTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION; A COMPARISON IN THE OUTCOME WITH AND WITHOUT GROMMET INSERTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽  
pp. S521-25
Author(s):  
Sunarays Akhtar ◽  
Uzma Gul ◽  
Arfat Jawaid ◽  
Khalid Azam ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Babur Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Conductive Hearing ◽  
Case Basis ◽  
Method Group

Objective: To compare the outcome of myringotomy with and without grommet insertion in the patients of otitis media with effusion in terms of improvement of hearing in a one-month follow-up. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Airforce Hospital Jacobabad and Combined Military Hospital Lahore Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2020. Methodology: A total of 28 patients aged 4-12 years diagnosed to have conductive hearing loss due to otitis media with effusion not responding to medical treatment were included. Non probability convenience sampling was done. Children aged less than 4 years and above 12 years were not included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups of 14 patients each using lottery method. Group A underwent myringotomy alone whereas group B underwent myringotomy with grommet insertion. Patients in both groups also underwent adenoidectomy on case-to-case basis. Both groups were compared in terms of improvement in hearing post operatively in a one-month follow-up. Results: There was statistically significant reduction in air bone gap at the end of follow up period as compared to preoperative air bone gap in group B (p=0.007). In group A there was statistically significant reduction in air bone gap at one week (p=0.002) however this improvement was not maintained at 4 weeks (p=0.386). Conclusion: Myringotomy with grommet insertion had significantly more patients with improved hearing as compared to myringotomy alone after one month.

scholarly journals An ultrasound protocol for temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 20200399
Author(s):  
Ingrid Tonni ◽  
Andrea Borghesi ◽  
Silvia Tonesi ◽  
Giulia Fossati ◽  
Francesca Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Joint Effusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Spearman Test

Objectives: As it is well known, the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in patients affected by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is important to avoid the impairment of mandibular growth. In this context, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the gold-standard for detection of TMJ involvement, however it is expensive and requires patients’ collaboration. The aim of this study was to evaluate if ultrasound may be used as an alternative tool to investigate the acute signs of TMJ involvement in JIA patients. Methods: Lateral periarticular space (LPAS) and joint effusion were evaluated by ultrasound in a study Group A of 8 JIA children (11.6±3.5 years old) with 14 TMJs involved, as confirmed by MRI, and in a control Group B of 7 healthy children (9.3±1.2 years old) without temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The LPAS width values were compared between the two groups using the Mann–Whitney test. The ultrasound images of the JIA group were then matched with the corresponding MR images; the Spearman Rank Correlation test and the Bland–Altman test were used to evaluate the differences. Results: The LPAS values in Group A were statistically significantly higher than those in Group B (p < 0.001). There was no overlap of the LPAS values confidence intervals (CIs) between the two groups. No signs of joint effusion were identified in groups A and B. The Spearman test applied to the values of LPAS measured in ultrasound and the corresponding MR images showed a proportional positive correlation with a ρ of 0.623 and a p < 0.05. Conclusions: Ultrasound can detect differences in the TMJ features between JIA patients and healthy patients and it might be used as a follow-up tool in the assessment of TMJ involvement in subject affected by JIA.

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