scholarly journals The Femoral Neck Mechanoresponse to Hip Extensors Exercise: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Martelli ◽  
Hossein Mokhtarzadeh ◽  
Peter Pivonka ◽  
Peter R. Ebeling
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Strain Pattern ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Trochanteric Region

Physical activity is recommended to prevent age-related bone loss. However, the proximal femur mechanoresponse is variable, possibly because of a muscle-dependant mechanoresponse. We compared the proximal femur response with the femoral strain pattern generated by the hip extensor muscles. A healthy participant underwent a six-month unilateral training of the hip extensor muscles using a resistance weight regularly adjusted to the 80% of the one-repetition maximum weight. DXA-based measurements of the areal Bone Mineral Density (aBMD) in the exercise leg were adjusted for changes in the control leg. The biomechanical stimulus for bone adaptation (BS) was calculated using published models of the musculoskeletal system and the average hip extension moment in elderly participants. Volumetric (ΔvBMD) and areal (ΔaBMD) BMD changes were calculated. The measured and calculated BMD changes consistently showed a positive and negative effect of exercise in the femoral neck (ΔaBMD = +0.7%; ΔvBMD = +0.8%) and the trochanter region (ΔaBMD = −4.1%; ΔvBMD = −0.5%), respectively. The 17% of the femoral neck exceeded the 75th percentile of the spatially heterogeneous BS distribution. Hip extensor exercises may be beneficial in the proximal femoral neck but not in the trochanteric region. DXA-based measurements may not capture significant aBMD local changes.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of the developing proximal femur: A biomechanical perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 738-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Djuric ◽  
Petar Milovanovic ◽  
Danijela Djonic ◽  
Arsa Minic ◽  
Michael Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Trabecular Pattern ◽  
Internal Morphology

Introduction. In contrast to a plethora of studies on the proximal femur in adults, its external and internal morphology in growing children has not been sufficiently analyzed. Objective. We analyzed changes in external and internal morphology of the proximal femur during growth and development to interpret the links between them and concepts of the human femoral biomechanics. Methods. We assessed external geometry, internal trabecular and cortical arrangement, and bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur in 29 children (age at death from 1 month to 14 years) from archaeological context by using microscopic and radiographic methods. Results. The results showed that both the femoral neck width and length increased with age, with the femoral neck becoming more elongated, while the collo-diaphyseal angle decreased. A strong relationship between age and adjusted areal BMD was found, showing continuous increase during childhood. Parallel trabecular pattern at birth changed to mature three distinct trabecular groups (longitudinal ? principal compressive, transversal ? tensile and randomly scattered) starting from the age of 8 months. In older children the superior and inferior aspects of the femoral neck differently changed with growth, with medial neck having thicker cortex and trabeculae. Conclusion. In the light of bone adaptation principle, the observed changes in external and internal morphology are governed by mechanical forces acting on the developing femur. Our findings on the development of trabecular pattern and cortical distribution are compatible with recent views on the femoral biomechanics which point out the predominance of compressive stresses in the femoral neck, adaptation to shear stresses, multiaxial loading perspective, prevalence of muscle effects over body weight, and existence of adaptational eccentricity.

The archaeology of osteoporosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Turner-Walker ◽  
Unni Syversen ◽  
Simon Mays
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Medieval Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Uk

The application of medical scanning technologies to archaeological skeletons provides novel insights into the history and potential causes of osteoporosis. The present study investigated bone mineral density (BMD) in medieval skeletons from England and Norway. Comparisons between the two adult populations found no statistically significant differences. This compares with a modern fracture incidence for the femoral neck in women from Norway that is almost three times that in the UK. The pattern of age-related bone loss in medieval men was similar to that seen in men today. In contrast, the pattern in medieval women differed from that of modern young women. On average, medieval women experienced a decrease in BMD at the femoral neck of approximately 23 per cent between the ages of 22 and 35. These losses were partially recovered by age 45, after which BMD values show a decline consistent with post-menopausal bone loss in modern western women. A possible explanation of the rapid decline in BMD in young medieval women is bone loss in connection with pregnancy and lactation in circumstances of insufficient nutrition.

Comparison of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry of the Proximal Femur with Morphologic Data

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hübsch ◽  
H. Kocanda ◽  
S. Youssefzadeh ◽  
B. Schneider ◽  
F. Kainberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Singh Index ◽  
Trochanteric Region ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Morphologic Data ◽  
Normal Controls

Measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur (including femoral neck, Ward's triangle and trochanteric region) were compared with the Singh index grading in 40 normal subjects (20 male, 20 female) and in 116 patients (18 male, 98 female) referred for assessment of possible osteoporosis. Additionally, the BMD and the Singh index of 12 cadaver specimens (6 male, 6 female) of the proximal femur were compared with each other and with the histomorphology of the femoral necks of the specimens. Although there was a good correlation of Singh index with BMD in the group of male patients with suspected osteoporosis and in the series of bone specimens, there was a poor correlation in the group of female patients as well as in the normal controls and in the patient population as a whole. There was also poor correlation of Singh index values with histomorphologic data, whereas the BMD measurements correlated well with the amount of calcified bone found histologically in the femoral necks of the bone specimens. We conclude that the Singh index cannot be used to predict BMD of the proximal femur accurately.

scholarly journals Treatment of Proximal Femur Fractures on the Background of Osteoporosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Lazarev ◽  
E I Solod ◽  
A O Ragozin ◽  
M G Kakabadze ◽  
A F Lazarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Femoral Neck Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Stable Fixation ◽  
Fracture Characteristics ◽  
Proximal Femur Fractures ◽  
Femur Fractures ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Density Evaluation

Analysis of treatment of 526 patients with proximal femur fractures (362 patients with femoral neck fractures and 164 patients with trochanteric zone fractures) was performed. Patients' age ranged from 34 to 92 (mean 67). Algorithm of differentiated choice of operative tactics depending on fracture characteristics and injury term was presented. Low invasive osteosynthesis of femoral neck with bundle of stressed V-shaped pins was suggested. Theoretical and practical ground of that technique was given. Stress within fixative-bone system created after osteosynthesis by V-shaped pins, provided stable fixation even in marked osteoporosis. The importance of bone mineral density evaluation for the choice of treatment tactics as well as the necessity of medicamental correction of the disturbed bone remodeling after surgical treatment was noted.

scholarly journals The Effect of Kinesitherapy on Bone Mineral Density in Primary Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shanxi Wang ◽  
Shuzhen Li ◽  
Xing Xie ◽  
Juying Xie
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Primary Osteoporosis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Quality Evidence

Objective. Osteoporosis (OP) is a well-established age-related disease, pathologically characterized by bone microarchitectural deterioration, increased fragility, and low BMD. Primary osteoporosis (POP) is the most common type of OP. Methods. Publications pertaining to the effectiveness of kinesitherapy on BMD in POP from PubMed, SCI, Cochrane Library, Embase, VIP, CNKI, and Wanfang Database were retrieved from their inception to October 2019. Results. A total of 21 studies with 1840 participants were included. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that kinesitherapy plus antiosteoporosis medications had a positive effect on lumbar spine BMD when the duration of intervention was 6 months (MD = 0.11 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.06–0.15; P<0.0001) or >6 months (MD = 0.04 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.02–0.06; P<0.0001) compared with antiosteoporosis medications alone. Additional kinesitherapy plus antiosteoporosis medications were associated with improved femoral neck BMD compared with antiosteoporosis medications alone (MD = 0.09 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.03–0.16; P=0.004). Conclusions. Kinesitherapy plus antiosteoporosis medications significantly improved lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in the current low-quality evidence. Additional high-quality evidence is required to confirm the effect of kinesitherapy on BMD in patients with POP.

scholarly journals Mechanical torque measurement in the proximal femur correlates to failure load and bone mineral density ex vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Grote ◽  
Tatjana Noeldeke ◽  
Michael Blauth ◽  
Wolf Mutschler ◽  
Dominik Bürklein
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Local Bone ◽  
Load To Failure

Knowledge of local bone quality is essential for surgeons to determine operation techniques. A device for intraoperative measurement of local bone quality has been developed by the AO-Research Foundation (DensiProbe®). We used this device to experimentally measure peak breakaway torque of trabecular bone in the proximal femur and correlated this with local bone mineral density (BMD) and failure load. Bone mineral density of 160 cadaver femurs was measured by <em>ex situ </em>dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The failure load of all femurs was analyzed by side-impact analysis. Femur fractures were fixed and mechanical peak torque was measured with the DensiProbe® device. Correlation was calculated whereas correlation coefficient and significance was calculated by Fisher’s Z-transformation. Moreover, linear regression analysis was carried out. The unpaired Student’s t-test was used to assess the significance of differences. The Ward triangle region had the lowest BMD with 0.511 g/cm2 (±0.17 g/cm2), followed by the upper neck region with 0.546 g/cm2 (±0.16 g/cm2), trochanteric region with 0.685 g/cm2 (±0.19 g/cm2) and the femoral neck with 0.813 g/cm2 (±0.2 g/cm2). Peak torque of DensiProbe® in the femoral head was 3.48 Nm (±2.34 Nm). Load to failure was 4050.2 N (±1586.7 N). The highest correlation of peak torque measured by Densi Probe® and load to failure was found in the femoral neck (r=0.64, P&lt;0.001). The overall correlation of mechanical peak torque with T-score was r=0.60 (P&lt;0.001). A correlation was found between mechanical peak torque, load to failure of bone and BMD <em>in vitro</em>. Trabecular strength of bone and bone mineral density are different aspects of bone strength, but a correlation was found between them. Mechanical peak torque as measured may contribute additional information about bone strength, especially in the perioperative testing.

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density and Jumping Height in Pre-Menarcheal and Post-Menarcheal Physically Active Girls

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (82) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Gruodytė ◽  
Toivo Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Vertical Jumps

Research background and hypothesis. Jumping ability correlates well with different bone values. The skeletal benefits of high-impact weight-bearing exercise have been shown to be greater when training is started prior to menarche. We hypothesized that significant differences would be apparent in the relationships between bone values and jumping height in favor of the girls’ prior menarche compared to post-menarcheal group. Research aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between jumping height and bone mineral density (BMD) in pre-menarcheal and post-menarcheal physically active girls. Research  methods.  In  total,  113  adolescent  girls  from  different  competitive  extramural  athletic  programs participated in this study. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD were measured. The heights of vertical jumps (i. e. countermovement jump (CMJ) and rebound jumps for 15 (RJ  15 s) and 30 (RJ  30 s) seconds) were obtained.Research results. After adjusting for major confounders (i. e. age, height, and body mass), the height of rebound jumps correlated only with femoral neck BMD and only in pre-menarcheal group (r = 0.37–0.46; p < 0.05). No correlations were found between BMD variables and jumping height in post-menarcheal girls. The height of CMJ did not correlate with measured BMD variables in the studied groups.Discussion and conclusions. Early puberty is an opportune period to increase bone adaptation to mechanical loading due to the velocity of bone growth and endocrine changes at this time. We suggest that powerful repetitive vertical jumping may be more beneficial to bone health compared to single jumping activities in physically active girls prior to menarche rather than after it.Keywords: bone health, vertical jumps, puberty.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in bone tissue in men

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
A.S. Musiienko ◽  
N.V. Zaverukha
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

The purpose of the study was to establish age-related changes of male bone tissue. Materials and methods. The study was conducted by the Department of Clinical Physiology and Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System of the State Institution “D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology by the National Aca­demy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”. It involved 342 healthy men aged 20 to 89 years without osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures or any pathology with a confirmed impact on bone tissue, as well as any somatic pathology in the sub- and decompensation. The following methods of examination were used: questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, clinical and instrumental examination. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry machine “Prodigy, GEНС Lunar” at the level of the entire skeleton, lumbar spine (L1-L4), proximal femur and femoral neck, distal and ultra-distal forearm bones. Results. We have detected a significant 14.8 % decrease of BMD at the level of femoral neck in the group of men aged 60–69 years, by 20 % in the group of men aged 70–79 years, and by 24.1 % in the group of men aged 80–89 years compared to the men aged 20–29 years; at the same time, at the lumbar spine there was re­gistered a decrease of this parameter by 1.6 % in men aged 60–69 years, by 1.9 % in men of 70–79 years and by 0.8 % in men of 80–89 years, respectively. Among the examined practically healthy men, the bone tissue remained at the normal level relative to age in 67.8 %; osteopenia was detected in 27.8 %, and osteoporosis in 4.4 %. Conclusions. An age-associated BMD reduction was registered at various skeletal sites in the practically healthy men wi­thout any clinically significant factors affecting bone tissue metabolism. The most pronounced BMD loss was observed at the level of fe­moral neck. At the same time, 4.4 % of examined had osteoporosis without any clinical signs.

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