scholarly journals Circular RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximin Fan ◽  
Xinyu Weng ◽  
Yifan Zhao ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Tianyi Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges

Circular RNA (circRNA), a novel type of endogenous noncoding RNA (ncRNA), has become a research hotspot in recent years. CircRNAs are abundant and stably exist in creatures, and they are found with covalently closed loop structures in which they are quite different from linear RNAs. Nowadays, an increasing number of scientists have demonstrated that circRNAs may have played an essential role in the regulation of gene expression, especially acting as miRNA sponges, and have described the potential mechanisms of several circRNAs in diseases, hinting at their clinical therapeutic values. In this review, the authors summarized the current understandings of the biogenesis and properties of circRNAs and their functions and role as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Regulatory RNAs in Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Pedrosa da Costa Gomes ◽  
Blanche Schroen ◽  
Gabriela M. Kuster ◽  
Emma L. Robinson ◽  
Kerrie Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Rna ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Protein Coding

Cardiovascular disease is an enormous socioeconomic burden worldwide and remains a leading cause of mortality and disability despite significant efforts to improve treatments and personalize healthcare. Heart failure is the main manifestation of cardiovascular disease and has reached epidemic proportions. Heart failure follows a loss of cardiac homeostasis, which relies on a tight regulation of gene expression. This regulation is under the control of multiple types of RNA molecules, some encoding proteins (the so-called messenger RNAs) and others lacking protein-coding potential, named noncoding RNAs. In this review article, we aim to revisit the notion of regulatory RNA, which has been thus far mainly confined to noncoding RNA. Regulatory RNA, which we propose to abbreviate as regRNA, can include both protein-coding RNAs and noncoding RNAs, as long as they contribute, directly or indirectly, to the regulation of gene expression. We will address the regulation and functional role of messenger RNAs, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs (ie, regRNAs) in heart failure. We will debate the utility of regRNAs to diagnose, prognosticate, and treat heart failure, and we will provide directions for future work.

scholarly journals Mechanisms Regulating Abnormal Circular RNA Biogenesis in Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4185
Author(s):  
Ying Huang ◽  
Qubo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Closed Loops ◽  
Rna Biogenesis ◽  
Cis And Trans ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are a class of endogenous RNA with covalently closed loops, play important roles in epigenetic regulation of gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that numerous circRNAs were abnormally expressed in tumors and their dysregulation was involved in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer. Although the functional mechanisms of many circRNAs have been revealed, how circRNAs are dysregulated in cancer remains elusive. CircRNAs are generated by a “back-splicing” process, which is regulated by different cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting proteins. Therefore, how these cis and trans elements change during tumorigenesis and how they regulate the biogenesis of circRNAs in cancer are two questions that interest us. In this review, we summarized the pathways for the biogenesis of circRNAs; and then illustrated how circRNAs dysregulated in cancer by discussing the changes of cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting proteins that related to circRNA splicing and maturation in cancer.

scholarly journals Engineering a Circular Riboregulator in Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
William Rostain ◽  
Shensi Shen ◽  
Teresa Cordero ◽  
Guillermo Rodrigo ◽  
Alfonso Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Fluorescent Reporter ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group I

RNAs of different shapes and sizes, natural or synthetic, can regulate gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Circular RNAs have recently appeared to be more widespread than previously thought, but their role in prokaryotes remains elusive. Here, by inserting a riboregulatory sequence within a group I permuted intron-exon ribozyme, we created a small noncoding RNA that self-splices to produce a circular riboregulator in Escherichia coli. We showed that the resulting riboregulator can trans-activate gene expression by interacting with a cis-repressed messenger RNA. We characterized the system with a fluorescent reporter and with an antibiotic resistance marker, and we modeled this novel posttranscriptional mechanism. This first reported example of a circular RNA regulating gene expression in E. coli adds to an increasing repertoire of RNA synthetic biology parts, and it highlights that topological molecules can play a role in the case of prokaryotic regulation.

scholarly journals DNA methylation and gene expression integration in cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Palou-Márquez ◽  
Isaac Subirana ◽  
Lara Nonell ◽  
Alba Fernández-Sanlés ◽  
Roberto Elosua
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Function ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Cell Type

Abstract Background The integration of different layers of omics information is an opportunity to tackle the complexity of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and to identify new predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Our aim was to integrate DNA methylation and gene expression data in an effort to identify biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease risk in a community-based population. We accessed data from the Framingham Offspring Study, a cohort study with data on DNA methylation (Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip; Illumina) and gene expression (Human Exon 1.0 ST Array; Affymetrix). Using the MOFA2 R package, we integrated these data to identify biomarkers related to the risk of presenting a cardiovascular event. Results Four independent latent factors (9, 19, 21—only in women—and 27), driven by DNA methylation, were associated with cardiovascular disease independently of classical risk factors and cell-type counts. In a sensitivity analysis, we also identified factor 21 as associated with CVD in women. Factors 9, 21 and 27 were also associated with coronary heart disease risk. Moreover, in a replication effort in an independent study three of the genes included in factor 27 were also present in a factor identified to be associated with myocardial infarction (CDC42BPB, MAN2A2 and RPTOR). Factor 9 was related to age and cell-type proportions; factor 19 was related to age and B cells count; factor 21 pointed to human immunodeficiency virus infection-related pathways and inflammation; and factor 27 was related to lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption, smoking and body mass index. Inclusion of factor 21 (only in women) improved the discriminative and reclassification capacity of the Framingham classical risk function and factor 27 improved its discrimination. Conclusions Unsupervised multi-omics data integration methods have the potential to provide insights into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. We identified four independent factors (one only in women) pointing to inflammation, endothelium homeostasis, visceral fat, cardiac remodeling and lifestyles as key players in the determination of cardiovascular risk. Moreover, two of these factors improved the predictive capacity of a classical risk function.

scholarly journals The effective function of circular RNA in colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Ameli-Mojarad ◽  
Melika Ameli-Mojarad ◽  
Mahrooyeh Hadizadeh ◽  
Chris Young ◽  
Hosna Babini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Colorectal Tumorigenesis ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. Late detection plays role in one-third of annual mortality due to CRC. Therefore, it is essential to find a precise and optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis. Covalently closed, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, which can have the same function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, as regulators of splicing and transcription, and as interactors with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Therefore, circRNAs have been investigated as specific targets for diagnostic and prognostic detection of CRC. These non-coding RNAs are also linked to metastasis, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance, illustrating the importance of understanding their involvement in the molecular mechanisms of development and progression of CRC. In this review, we present a detailed summary of recent findings relating to the dysregulation of circRNAs and their potential role in CRC.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Functions of Circular RNAs in Digestive System Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yuan ◽  
Ya Yuan ◽  
Zhi He ◽  
Diyan Li ◽  
Bo Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
And Biological Markers

Circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs), which are a type of covalently closed circular RNA, are receiving increasing attention. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that circRNAs are involved in the biogenesis and development of multiple diseases such as digestive system cancers. Dysregulated circRNAs have been found to act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors in digestive system cancers. Moreover, circRNAs are related to ageing and a wide variety of processes in tumour cells, such as cell apoptosis, invasion, migration, and proliferation. Moreover, circRNAs can perform a remarkable multitude of biological functions, such as regulating splicing or transcription, binding RNA-binding proteins to enable function, acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, and undergoing translated into proteins. However, in digestive system cancers, circRNAs function mainly as miRNA sponges. Herein, we summarise the latest research progress on biological functions of circRNAs in digestive system cancers. This review serves as a synopsis of potential therapeutic targets and biological markers for digestive system cancer.

Circular RNA as a potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic target for endometriosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 1277-1287
Author(s):  
Parisa M Dana ◽  
Mona Taghavipour ◽  
Hamed Mirzaei ◽  
Bahman Yousefi ◽  
Bahram Moazzami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Parental Gene

Endometriosis is a pathology form of endometrium that behaves in a similar way to malignancies, such as invasion and resistance to apoptosis. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that have several biological functions including, miRNA sponging, sequestering of proteins, enhancing parental gene expression and translation resulting in polypeptides. In this review, we highlighted the roles of circRNAs as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in endometriosis. Moreover, we summarized the roles of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of endometriosis via different signaling pathways, such as the miRNA network and apoptosis.

Implication of regulatory networks of long noncoding RNA/circular RNA-miRNA-mRNA in diabetic cardiovascular diseases

Epigenomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 1929-1947
Author(s):  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Mengran Yao ◽  
Yuqiao Yang ◽  
Yan Qu ◽  
Jinqiao Qian
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna ◽  
Prognostic Evaluation ◽  
Functional Roles

Diabetic cardiovascular diseases (DCVDs) are the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and are considered to be one of the most important threats to global health and an economic burden. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), and miRNA are a novel group of noncoding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of various pathophysiological processes, including DCVDs. Interestingly, both lncRNA and circRNA can act as competing endogenous RNA of miRNA, thereby regulating the expression of the target mRNA by decoying or sponging the miRNA. In this review, we focus on the mechanistic, pathological and functional roles of lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks in DCVDs and further discuss the potential implications for early detection, therapeutic intervention and prognostic evaluation.

scholarly journals Circular RNA circFAT1(e2) Promotes Osteosarcoma Progression and Metastasis by Sponging miR-181b and Regulating HK2 Expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijie Gu ◽  
Xiangyang Cheng ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Kaifeng Zhou ◽  
Chong Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target

As a subclass of noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Recent studies have revealed the pivotal functions of circRNAs in cancer progression. Nevertheless, how circRNAs participate in osteosarcoma (OS) development and progression are not well understood. In the present study, we identified a circRNA circFAT1(e2) with an upregulated expression level in OS tissues. By functional experiments, we found that circFAT1(e2) depletion significantly suppressed the proliferation and reduced migration in OS. In terms of mechanism, we found that circFAT1(e2) inhibited miR-181b, while miR-181b targeted HK2. By releasing the inhibition of miR-181b on HK2 expression, leading to attenuated OS progression. Mechanistic investigations suggested that circFAT1(e2) served as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-181b to enhance HK2 expression. On the whole, our study indicated that circFAT1(e2) exerted oncogenic roles in OS and suggested the circFAT1(e2)/miR-181b/HK2 axis might be a potential therapeutic target.

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