scholarly journals Interactions between Neighbourhood Urban Form and Socioeconomic Status and Their Associations with Anthropometric Measurements in Canadian Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin R. McCormack ◽  
Christine Friedenreich ◽  
Lindsay McLaren ◽  
Melissa Potestio ◽  
Beverly Sandalack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Socioeconomic Composition

Neighbourhood-level socioeconomic composition and built context are correlates of weight-related behaviours. We investigated the relations between objective measures of neighbourhood design and socioeconomic status (SES) and their interaction, in relation to self-reported waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of Canadian adults (n=851from 12 Calgary neighbourhoods). WC and BMI were higher among residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods, independent of neighbourhood design (grid, warped grid, and curvilinear street patterns) and individual-level characteristics (sex, age, education, income, dog ownership, marital status, number of dependents, motor vehicle access, smoking, sleep, mental health, physical health, and past attempts to modify bodyweight). The association between neighbourhood-level SES and WC was modified by neighbourhood design; WC was higher in disadvantaged-curvilinear neighbourhoods and lower in advantaged-grid neighbourhoods. Policies making less obesogenic neighbourhoods affordable to low socioeconomic households and that improve the supportiveness for behaviours leading to healthy weight in low socioeconomic neighbourhoods are necessary.

scholarly journals Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status increase risk of avoidable hospitalizations among Canadian adults: A retrospective cohort study of linked population health data

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E Wallar ◽  
Laura C Rosella
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Avoidable Hospitalizations ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Increase Risk

IntroductionAvoidable hospitalizations refer to acute care use for conditions that should normally be managed inprimary care settings. Lower socioeconomic status that is often measured using area-based indicators(e.g. median household income) has been shown to increase risk of avoidable hospitalizations.However, both area- and individual-level socioeconomic status can contribute to hospitalization risk,but previous data limitations have prevented separate analyses. Further, the joint effect of individualand neighbourhood socioeconomic status has not been established in the Canadian population. Toaddress this, this study links individual-level household income and neighbourhood-level materialdeprivation data within a population-based Canadian cohort. ObjectivesTo determine the individual and joint effect of individual-level household income and neighbourhood-level material deprivation on risk of hospitalization for a set of chronic ambulatory care sensitiveconditions using linked health survey, hospital discharge, and census-derived data. MethodsA pooled cohort was created by linking sociodemographic and health information from eight cycles ofthe Canadian Community Health Survey (2000/2001 - 2010) to hospital discharge records and Cana-dian Marginalization Indices (2001, 2006) (N = 354,595). The primary outcome variable was riskof index hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of angina, asthma, congestive heart failure, chronicobstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, epilepsy, or hypertension. The primary exposure variablewas joint individual-level national household income quintile and neighbourhood-level material de-privation quintile. Relative risk (RR) was estimated by constructing modified Poisson regressionmodels with robust error variance. ResultsIn fully adjusted models with income and deprivation considered separately, individuals in the lowesthousehold income quintile and highest material deprivation quintile were at increased risk of hospi-talization (Income RR: 1.82 (95% CI 1.56-2.13) Deprivation RR: 1.67 (1.44-1.95)). When incomeand deprivation were jointly considered, those with low individual income living in high deprivationneighbourhoods were at greatest risk of hospitalization (RR 1.83 (95% CI 1.63 - 2.05)). ConclusionsBoth individual income and neighbourhood deprivation separately and jointly increase risk of avoid-able hospitalizations. Additional research is needed to understand their mechanisms of action.However, both levels should be considered when designing effective policies and interventions toreduce avoidable hospitalizations.

Tomorrow never knows: Paradoxical effects of a future prime on performance among low socioeconomic status college students

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dayle Herrmann ◽  
Jessica Bodford ◽  
Robert Adelman ◽  
Oliver Graudejus ◽  
Morris Okun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Paradoxical Effects

scholarly journals Home Language and Literacy Environments and Early Literacy Trajectories of Low‐Socioeconomic Status Chilean Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 2042-2062
Author(s):  
Susana Mendive ◽  
Mayra Mascareño Lara ◽  
Daniela Aldoney ◽  
J. Carola Pérez ◽  
José P. Pezoa
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Early Literacy ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Home Language ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Literacy Environments

scholarly journals Association of socioeconomic status with medical assistance in dying: a case–control analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e043547
Author(s):  
Donald A Redelmeier ◽  
Kelvin Ng ◽  
Deva Thiruchelvam ◽  
Eldar Shafir
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Medical Assistance In Dying ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Economic Constraints

ObjectivesEconomic constraints are a common explanation of why patients with low socioeconomic status tend to experience less access to medical care. We tested whether the decreased care extends to medical assistance in dying in a healthcare system with no direct economic constraints.DesignPopulation-based case–control study of adults who died.SettingOntario, Canada, between 1 June 2016 and 1 June 2019.PatientsPatients receiving palliative care under universal insurance with no user fees.ExposurePatient’s socioeconomic status identified using standardised quintiles.Main outcome measureWhether the patient received medical assistance in dying.ResultsA total of 50 096 palliative care patients died, of whom 920 received medical assistance in dying (cases) and 49 176 did not receive medical assistance in dying (controls). Medical assistance in dying was less frequent for patients with low socioeconomic status (166 of 11 008=1.5%) than for patients with high socioeconomic status (227 of 9277=2.4%). This equalled a 39% decreased odds of receiving medical assistance in dying associated with low socioeconomic status (OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.75, p<0.001). The relative decrease was evident across diverse patient groups and after adjusting for age, sex, home location, malignancy diagnosis, healthcare utilisation and overall frailty. The findings also replicated in a subgroup analysis that matched patients on responsible physician, a sensitivity analysis based on a different socioeconomic measure of low-income status and a confirmation study using a randomised survey design.ConclusionsPatients with low socioeconomic status are less likely to receive medical assistance in dying under universal health insurance. An awareness of this imbalance may help in understanding patient decisions in less extreme clinical settings.

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