scholarly journals A New Approach for Accurate Prediction of Liquid Loading of Directional Gas Wells in Transition Flow or Turbulent Flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqing Ming ◽  
Huiqun He
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Calculation Error ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Transition Flow ◽  
Deviation Angle ◽  
Vertical Wells ◽  
Liquid Loading ◽  
New Model

Current common models for calculating continuous liquid-carrying critical gas velocity are established based on vertical wells and laminar flow without considering the influence of deviation angle and Reynolds number on liquid-carrying. With the increase of the directional well in transition flow or turbulent flow, the current common models cannot accurately predict the critical gas velocity of these wells. So we built a new model to predict continuous liquid-carrying critical gas velocity for directional well in transition flow or turbulent flow. It is shown from sensitivity analysis that the correction coefficient is mainly influenced by Reynolds number and deviation angle. With the increase of Reynolds number, the critical liquid-carrying gas velocity increases first and then decreases. And with the increase of deviation angle, the critical liquid-carrying gas velocity gradually decreases. It is indicated from the case calculation analysis that the calculation error of this new model is less than 10%, where accuracy is much higher than those of current common models. It is demonstrated that the continuous liquid-carrying critical gas velocity of directional well in transition flow or turbulent flow can be predicted accurately by using this new model.

Onset of Liquid-Film Reversal In Upward-Inclined Pipes

SPE Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 1630-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Fan ◽  
Eduardo Pereyra ◽  
Cem Sarica
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Liquid Loading ◽  
New Model ◽  
Velocity Prediction ◽  
Inclined Pipe ◽  
Inclined Pipes

Summary Accumulation of oil and/or water at the bottom of an upward-inclined pipe is known to be the source of many industrial problems, such as corrosion and terrain slugging. Therefore, accurate prediction of the critical gas velocity that can avoid the liquid accumulation is of great importance. An experimental study of onset of liquid-film reversal, which is believed to be the main cause of liquid accumulation, was conducted in a hilly-valley test section at low-liquid-loading condition. A new, easily implemented mechanistic model to predict critical gas velocity, which is specifically developed based on the liquid-film reversal in stratified flow, is proposed in this work. The new model was verified with the data acquired in the study and other studies from the open literature, showing a fair agreement. This work also reviewed and evaluated other critical-gas-velocity-prediction models. The new model performs best compared with other models, especially in terms of the inclination angle and liquid-flow-rate effect on critical gas velocity. The total average absolute error was reduced 6.0% compared with the current best-prediction model (Zhang et al. 2003), and 38.2% for the widely used Turner et al. (1969) droplet-removal model.

A new model for predicting critical gas velocity ofliquid loading in horizontal well

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Yonghui LIU ◽  
Xianting AI ◽  
Chengcheng LUO ◽  
Fengwei LIU ◽  
Pengbo WU
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
New Model

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Turbulent Flow in Corrugated Pipes

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Stel ◽  
Rigoberto E. M. Morales ◽  
Admilson T. Franco ◽  
Silvio L. M. Junqueira ◽  
Raul H. Erthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Geometric Configurations ◽  
Corrugated Surfaces ◽  
Friction Factors

This article describes a numerical and experimental investigation of turbulent flow in pipes with periodic “d-type” corrugations. Four geometric configurations of d-type corrugated surfaces with different groove heights and lengths are evaluated, and calculations for Reynolds numbers ranging from 5000 to 100,000 are performed. The numerical analysis is carried out using computational fluid dynamics, and two turbulence models are considered: the two-equation, low-Reynolds-number Chen–Kim k-ε turbulence model, for which several flow properties such as friction factor, Reynolds stress, and turbulence kinetic energy are computed, and the algebraic LVEL model, used only to compute the friction factors and a velocity magnitude profile for comparison. An experimental loop is designed to perform pressure-drop measurements of turbulent water flow in corrugated pipes for the different geometric configurations. Pressure-drop values are correlated with the friction factor to validate the numerical results. These show that, in general, the magnitudes of all the flow quantities analyzed increase near the corrugated wall and that this increase tends to be more significant for higher Reynolds numbers as well as for larger grooves. According to previous studies, these results may be related to enhanced momentum transfer between the groove and core flow as the Reynolds number and groove length increase. Numerical friction factors for both the Chen–Kim k-ε and LVEL turbulence models show good agreement with the experimental measurements.

Turbulent flow between concentric rotating cylinders at large Reynolds number

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1515-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Lathrop ◽  
Jay Fineberg ◽  
Harry L. Swinney
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Large Reynolds Number ◽  
Rotating Cylinders

Parameter Extension Simulation of Turbulent Flows in a Compressor Cascade With a High Reynolds Number

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jin
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Reference Solution ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
High Reynolds

Abstract The turbulent flow in a compressor cascade is calculated by using a new simulation method, i.e., parameter extension simulation (PES). It is defined as the calculation of a turbulent flow with the help of a reference solution. A special large-eddy simulation (LES) method is developed to calculate the reference solution for PES. Then, the reference solution is extended to approximate the exact solution for the Navier-Stokes equations. The Richardson extrapolation is used to estimate the model error. The compressor cascade is made of NACA0065-009 airfoils. The Reynolds number 3.82 × 105 and the attack angles −2° to 7° are accounted for in the study. The effects of the end-walls, attack angle, and tripping bands on the flow are analyzed. The PES results are compared with the experimental data as well as the LES results using the Smagorinsky, k-equation and WALE subgrid models. The numerical results show that the PES requires a lower mesh resolution than the other LES methods. The details of the flow field including the laminar-turbulence transition can be directly captured from the PES results without introducing any additional model. These characteristics make the PES a potential method for simulating flows in turbomachinery with high Reynolds numbers.

Do We Need Higher Dose Scale Inhibitors to Inhibit Scale under Turbulent Conditions? Insight into Mechanisms and New Test Methodology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Harry Montgomerie ◽  
Thomas Hagen ◽  
Ronald Benvie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bulk Precipitation ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Surface Deposition ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scale Deposition

Abstract Turbulent flow, especially around chokes, downhole safety valves and inflow control devices, favors scale deposition potentially leading to severe loss of production. Recently, scale formation under turbulent conditions has been studied and progressed, focused on the bulk precipitation (SPE164070) and a small bore valve loop test (SPE 155428). However, bulk precipitation is not fully representative the surface deposition in the fields and the Reynolds number of modified loop is unknown. The relationship between a measured Reynolds number and surface deposition up until this study has not been addressed. A newly developed test methodology with rotating cylinder has been applied to generate high shear rate and evaluate surface deposition with Reynolds numbers up to ~41000. The relationship between Reynolds number and surface deposition is addressed. Using this highly representable test method for BaSO4 scale deposition, several different generic types of inhibitor chemistries, including polymers and phosphonates, were assessed under different levels of turbulence to evaluate their performance on surface deposition. The results showed it is not always true that higher turbulence results in higher dose of inhibitor being required to control scale. It is inhibitor chemistry and mechanisms dependent. The scale inhibitorscan be classified as three types when evaluating the trend of mass deposition versus Reynolds number and the morphology of the crystals deposited on the metal surface. ➢ Type 1: Crytal growth inhibitors. The mass of surface deposition increases with the increase of turbulence, along with smaller crystals.➢ Type 2: Dispersion and crystal growth inhibitor. The higher the turbulence, the less mass deposition, along with smaller crystals.➢ Type 3: Dispersion scale inhibitors. The higher the turbulence, the less mass deposition. The size of the crystals has no major change. This paper gives a comprehensive study of the effect of flow condition on the scale surface deposition and inhibition mechanisms. In addition, it details how this methodology and new environmentally acceptable inhibitor chemistry can be coupled to develop a chemical technology toolbox that also includes techniques for advanced scale inhibitor analysis and improved scale inhibitor retention, to design optimum scale squeeze packages for the harsh scaling conditions associated with turbulent flow conditions.

Loss Characteristics of Orifices and Nozzles

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Alvi ◽  
K. Sridharan ◽  
N. S. Lakshmana Rao
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Critical Reynolds Number ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Center Line ◽  
Laminar Regime ◽  
Variation Of Parameters ◽  
Turbulent Flow Regime

Loss characteristics of sharp-edged orifices, quadrant-edged orifices for varying edge radii, and nozzles are studied for Reynolds numbers less than 10,000 for β ratios from 0.2 to 0.8. The results may be reliably extrapolated to higher Reynolds numbers. Presentation of losses as a percentage of meter pressure differential shows that the flow can be identified into fully laminar regime, critical Reynolds number regime, relaminarization regime, and turbulent flow regime. An integrated picture of variation of parameters such as discharge coefficient, loss coefficient, settling length, pressure recovery length, and center line velocity confirms this classification.

Physical Interpretation of Flow and Heat Transfer in Preswirl Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lewis ◽  
Mike Wilson ◽  
Gary Lock ◽  
J. Michael Owen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Flow Parameter ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Flow Rates

This paper compares heat transfer measurements from a preswirl rotor–stator experiment with three-dimensional (3D) steady-state results from a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The measured distribution of Nusselt number on the rotor surface was obtained from a scaled model of a gas turbine rotor–stator system, where the flow structure is representative of that found in an engine. Computations were carried out using a coupled multigrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver with a high Reynolds number k-ε∕k-ω turbulence model. Previous work has identified three parameters governing heat transfer: rotational Reynolds number (Reϕ), preswirl ratio (βp), and the turbulent flow parameter (λT). For this study rotational Reynolds numbers are in the range 0.8×106<Reϕ<1.2×106. The turbulent flow parameter and preswirl ratios varied between 0.12<λT<0.38 and 0.5<βp<1.5, which are comparable to values that occur in industrial gas turbines. Two performance parameters have been calculated: the adiabatic effectiveness for the system, Θb,ad, and the discharge coefficient for the receiver holes, CD. The computations show that, although Θb,ad increases monotonically as βp increases, there is a critical value of βp at which CD is a maximum. At high coolant flow rates, computations have predicted peaks in heat transfer at the radius of the preswirl nozzles. These were discovered during earlier experiments and are associated with the impingement of the preswirl flow on the rotor disk. At lower flow rates, the heat transfer is controlled by boundary-layer effects. The Nusselt number on the rotating disk increases as either Reϕ or λT increases, and is axisymmetric except in the region of the receiver holes, where significant two-dimensional variations are observed. The computed velocity field is used to explain the heat transfer distributions observed in the experiments. The regions of peak heat transfer around the receiver holes are a consequence of the route taken by the flow. Two routes have been identified: “direct,” whereby flow forms a stream tube between the inlet and outlet; and “indirect,” whereby flow mixes with the rotating core of fluid.

Robust Cartesian Grid Flow Solver for High-Reynolds-Number Turbulent Flow Simulations

AIAA Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1130-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya'eer Kidron ◽  
Yair Mor-Yossef ◽  
Yuval Levy
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
High Reynolds Number ◽  
Cartesian Grid ◽  
Flow Solver ◽  
Flow Simulations ◽  
High Reynolds

The Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow in Semi-Closed Rotor-Stator Cavity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohu Luo ◽  
Shengde Wang ◽  
Hong Shen ◽  
Zhenqiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Tangential Velocity ◽  
Reynolds Stress Model ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Closed Cavity ◽  
Turbulent Field ◽  
Effects Of Rotation

The present work numerically considered the turbulent flow in a semi-closed rotor-stator cavity with a superimposed throughflow based on Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). The mean flow structure and turbulent field in the semi-closed cavity (SC) were identified by comparison with the flow in open cavity (OC) and closed cavity (CC). Then the effects of rotation Reynolds number, ranging from 1 × 106 to 4 × 106, on the flow in SC were investigated. The superimposed flow noticeably decreases the tangential velocity, resulting that the pressure difference between central hub and periphery in SC is greater than the OC but less than the CC. The flow in SC belongs to Stewartson type in the region between inlet and outlet, but to Bachelor type between outlet and periphery. Around the outlets, the flow is greatly affected, especially for turbulent field, where the turbulence intensities maintain at higher levels outside the two boundary layers. With the increase of Reynolds number, the tangential velocity goes up, resulted the attenuation of jet impinging effects, the shrinking of affected zones by outlets and the enlargement of pressure difference. Moreover, with the Bödewadt layer moving toward the central hub, the turbulence intensities increase inside two boundary layers but decrease outside them. Consequently, the flow is transited to Stewartson and then Batchelor type.

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