scholarly journals Native Valve Endocarditis due toVeillonellaSpecies: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Saladi ◽  
Cosmina Zeana ◽  
Manisha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Transesophageal Echocardiogram ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Leaflet ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
First Case ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Veillonellaspecies are fastidious bacteria that have been isolated from skin, dental, and respiratory tract infections and rarely have been implicated in serious infections like meningitis, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis. A 76-year-old woman presented to our hospital with fever, vomiting, and generalized weakness for 3 days. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed a mobile structure on anterior mitral valve leaflet measuring 0.9 cm suggestive of vegetation. Empiric therapy with vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam was started with clinical resolution of her symptoms. On day 6, the blood culture drawn at admission grewVeillonellaspecies. A transesophageal echocardiogram confirmed a 1.2×0.4 cm echo dense structure attached to the left ventricular side of the anterior mitral leaflet. The patient was discharged home after 10 days of inpatient antibiotic therapy and completed 4 weeks of IV ceftriaxone at home without any adverse events. She was reevaluated in the clinic after completion of treatment and repeat blood cultures remained negative. We report the first case of successful treatment of endocarditis due toVeillonellaspecies with once daily ceftriaxone.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Efficacies of Three Macrolides Compared with Those of Amoxicillin-Clavulanate againstStreptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3193-3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Berry ◽  
Christine E. Thorburn ◽  
Sarah J. Knott ◽  
Gary Woodnutt
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Comparative antibacterial efficacies of erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin were examined againstStreptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, with amoxicillin-clavulanate used as the active control. In vitro, the macrolides at twice their MICs and at concentrations achieved in humans were bacteriostatic or reduced the numbers of viable S. pneumoniae slowly, whereas amoxicillin-clavulanate showed a rapid antibacterial effect. AgainstH. influenzae, erythromycin, clarithromycin, and clarithromycin plus 14-hydroxy clarithromycin at twice their MICs produced a slow reduction in bacterial numbers, whereas azithromycin was bactericidal. Azithromycin at the concentrations achieved in the serum of humans was bacteriostatic, whereas erythromycin and clarithromycin were ineffective. In experimental respiratory tract infections in rats, clarithromycin (equivalent to 250 mg twice daily [b.i.d.]) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (equivalent to 500 plus 125 mg b.i.d., respectively) were highly effective against S. pneumoniae, but azithromycin (equivalent to 500 and 250 mg once daily) was significantly less effective (P < 0.01). Against H. influenzae, clarithromycin treatment (equivalent to 250 or 500 mg b.i.d.) was similar to no treatment and was significantly less effective than amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment (P < 0.01). Azithromycin demonstrated significant in vivo activity (P < 0.05) but was significantly less effective than amoxicillin-clavulanate (P < 0.05). Overall, amoxicillin-clavulanate was effective in vitro and in vivo. Clarithromycin and erythromycin were ineffective in vitro and in vivo against H. influenzae, and azithromycin (at concentrations achieved in humans) showed unreliable activity against both pathogens. These results may have clinical implications for the utility of macrolides in the empiric therapy of respiratory tract infections.

scholarly journals Native Valve Infective Endocarditis Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum in an Immunocompetent Host: The First Case in Asia and Literature Review in Asia and Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kamalas Amnuay ◽  
Chayatat Sirinawin ◽  
Nonthikorn Theerasuwipakorn ◽  
Pairoj Chattranukulchai ◽  
Chusana Suankratay
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Leaflet ◽  
Native Valve Endocarditis ◽  
First Case

Background. Infective endocarditis caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum is extremely rare, occurring predominantly in individuals with prosthetic heart valves and HIV infection. To our knowledge, no case of H. capsulatum native valve endocarditis has been reported in Asia. Methodology. A descriptive study was carried out at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, in 2020. Results. A previously healthy 34-year-old man developed fever, umbilicated skin lesions, oral ulcers, hoarseness of voice, severe weight loss, and progressive dyspnea over the course of one week. Facial umbilicated papules, nodular ulcers in his tongue and palate, a diastolic rumbling murmur at the mitral valve, diffuse fine crackles in both lungs, and engorged neck veins were detected during the examination. Skin scraping of the facial lesion revealed both extracellular and intracellular yeasts with buddings, 2–4 μm in size on Wright’s stain. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a left ventricular ejection fraction of 54 percent, severe rheumatic mitral stenosis, and multiple oscillating masses in the anterior mitral valve leaflet ranging in dimension from 1.5 to 2.4 cm. The HIV antibody test was negative. H. capsulatum endocarditis was diagnosed, and liposomal amphotericin B was administered. Due to cardiogenic shock, emergency open-heart surgery was conducted one day after admission. However, he died of multiorgan failure four days after the operation. The skin and vegetation cultures finally grew H. capsulatum after 1 week of incubation. Conclusions. To date, there has been handful of cases of H. capsulatum native valve endocarditis in non-HIV-infected patients. We report herein the first case in Thailand. Umbilicated skin lesions, especially combined with oral mucosal lesions, are a clinical clue that leads to the correct diagnosis of the causative organism.

Pan-European Survey of Patients' Attitudes to Antibiotics and Antibiotic Use

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Branthwaite ◽  
J-C Pechère
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Short Course ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Short Courses

This study was carried out to determine patient perceptions of respiratory tract infections and attitudes to taking antibiotics, thus helping doctors to have a better understanding of their patients and their requirements. Telephone interviews were conducted in the UK, Belgium, France, Italy, Spain and Turkey using standardized questionnaires directed at patients who had taken an antibiotic or given one to their child for a respiratory tract infection within the previous 12 months. Approximately 200 working adults (≤ 55 years), 200 elderly adults (> 55 years) and 200 mothers of children (< 12 years) from each country were contacted; in total, 3610 subjects. Pressure on GPs to prescribe antibiotics was highlighted by over 50% of interviewees' believing that they should be prescribed for most respiratory tract infections. Although interviewees were positive about antibiotics, with over 75% judging them to be effective and to speed recovery, some ambivalence was shown. Most patients waited 2 – 3 days before consulting their doctor and over 80% of respondents expected symptoms to improve after 3 days' treatment. This provided a natural watershed for compliance, with most defaulters stopping after 3 days because they felt better. Second only to fewer side-effects, patients ranked shorter and more convenient dosage alongside efficacy as the improvements most sought in antibiotic therapy. In conclusion, patients regarded antibiotics as important in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, with interest shown in short-course, once-daily therapy. Doctors, however, need to reassure patients that short courses will eradicate infections and have minimal adverse effects on the immune system.

Infection Rates Before and After Diagnosis of IgA Vasculitis in Childhood: A Population-wide Study Using Non-exposed Matched Controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes C. Nossent ◽  
Warren Raymond ◽  
Helen Keen ◽  
David B. Preen ◽  
Charles A. Inderjeeth
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Iga Vasculitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective.Clinical data suggest that infections can trigger IgA vasculitis (IgAV), but longterm observations are lacking. We compared rates, types, and microorganisms for serious infection before and after diagnosis for children with IgAV and non-exposed controls.Methods.Using population-based administrative linked health datasets we estimated incidence rates (IR) for serious infection per 1000 person-months for patients with IgAV (n = 504, age 5 yrs, 59.1% males) and controls matched for age, sex, and year of presentation (n = 1281, age 6 yrs, 66% males). Time zero (T0) was the date of IgAV diagnosis or equivalent date in controls, lookback (median 38 mos) was the period prior to T0, and followup (median 239 mos) was the period after T0.Results.During lookback, prevalence of serious infection was similar in patients with IgAV and controls (11.5% vs 9.5%, respectively), but patients with IgAV had a higher rate of upper respiratory tract infections [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.79; 95% CI 1.39–2.31] with shorter time between first serious infection and T0 (27 vs 43 mos; p = 0.02). During followup, patients were at a constant increased risk for serious infections (IRR 1.46, 95% CI 1.35–1.58). These rates were higher during followup: sepsis (IRR 12.6), pneumonia (IRR 6.19), upper respiratory tract infections (IRR 2.36), and skin infections (IRR 1.85). There was little overlap between patients with serious infections in the lookback and followup periods.Conclusion.In patients with childhood IgAV there is an increased longterm risk for a broader spectrum of infections, which is unrelated to serious infections prior to diagnosis or treatment. This suggests disease-specific factors may have a lasting effect on immune competence in childhood IgAV.

scholarly journals Clinical Studies of Oral Quinolone Once Daily in the Treatment of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
TAKAFUMI YANO ◽  
FUMIO TANAKA ◽  
KAZUHIRO OUCHI ◽  
MASAO KAWAHARA ◽  
KAZUMA FUJINO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals First Detection of Human Coronavirus HKU1 in Greece, in an Immunocompromised Patient With Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou ◽  
Georgios Petsinis ◽  
Konstantinos Mantzouranis ◽  
Christos Damaskos ◽  
Despoina Melemeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is a RNA virus which gets in the human cells by binding to the receptor of  N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid. Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs), including HCoV-HKU1, are globally found. HCoV-HKU1 is responsible for upper and lower respiratory tract infections, usually with mild symptoms. In severe cases, HCoV-HKU1 can cause life-threatening respiratory illness especially in vulnerable hosts such as elderly, children and immunocompromised patients. In Greece, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and influenza are the most common viruses causing respiratory tract infections. Traditionally, HCoVs are responsible for less than 3% of respiratory infections in Greek population. HCoVs 229E and OC43 have been shown to circulate in Greece. We report the first case of lung infection in an immunocompromised woman due to HCoV-HKU1, that has never been before detected in Greece. HCoV-HKU1 is related to severe disease even in healthy individuals and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe respiratory infections.

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